electric vehicles where to go
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Electric Vehicles where to go. Jorge Martins (Un. do Minho). Electric cars What existed. Electric cars What existed. Electric cars What existed. Electric cars What existed. Electric cars What existed. Electric cars What existed. Electric cars they are here and they are good. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric Vehicles
where to go
Jorge Martins(Un. do Minho)
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWhat existed
Le Jamais Content max speed: 100 km/h
1899
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWhat existed
Lohner-Porsche
max speed: 60 km/h bateries: 1800 kg
1901 4 motor-in-wheel
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWhat existed
Lunar Rover
max speed: 13 km/h range: 36 km
production: 4 price: 380 000 000 $
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWhat existed
Sinclair
C5
max speed: 24 km/h range: 80 km
production: 12 000 price: 400 £
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWhat existed
Segway max speed: 20 km/h range: 40 km
2 motor-in-wheel price: 6 500 €
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
G M
EV1
max speed: 130 km/h range: 150 km
1160 buit; 1990 price: 34 000 $
Electric cars What existed
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsthey are here and they are good
Teslamax speed: 200 km/h range: 390 km
0-100km/h: 4.0 s price: 100 000 $
6831 batteries450 kg
500 sold
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsthey are here and they are good
Lightning max speed: 209 km/h range: 300 km
0-100km/h: 4.0 s price: 155 000 €
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsSome were sold by the million
Honda Insight Toyota Prius
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carssome are small, city cars
Kewet (Buddy)
max speed: 80 km/h range: 100 km
0-50km/h: 7.0 s price: 28 000 €
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carssome are small, city cars
Mitsubishi iMIEV
max speed: 130 km/h range: 160 km
available from 2009 price: 25 000 €
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsother are commercial vehicles (including milk floats)
Edison
Ampere
max speed: 80 km/h range: 160 km
price: ~60 000 €
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carssome are getting visibility with the London tax
Reva
max speed: 50 km/h range: 80 km
2500 vehicles built
(30000/year potential)price: 9 000 €
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Batteries companies
Electrovayamax speed: 55 km/h range: 190 km
price: 20 000 $
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Chinese Companies
BYD max speed: 160 km/h range: 400 km
0-100km/h: 8.0 s price: 22 000 $
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Chinese Companies
Flybo
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Chinese Companies
Huoyun
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Chinese Companies
Jiayuan
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Traditional OEM
Mini max speed: 150 km/h range: 250 km
0-100km/h: 8.5 s 500 vehicles for test (2008)
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Traditional OEM
Smart
max speed: 120 km/h range: 110 km
innovative drivetrain
design 200 vehicles on tests (2007)
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Traditional OEM
GEM
(Chrysler)
max speed: 45 km/h range: 50 km
for sale in Portugal price: 14 000 €
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWho are making electric cars? Traditional OEM
Aixam
Mega
max speed: 50 km/h range: 80 km
quadriciclo price: 12-20 000 €
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsExtreme electric vehicles
Killacycle 400m: 270 km/h; 4.7 s power: 350 kW
0-100km/h: 1.4 s 990 A123 bateries
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsExtreme electric vehicles
Buckeye Bullet
max speed: 508 km/h 10 000 batteries
300 kW batteries: 900 kg
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsConcept cars
Eliica max speed: 370 km/h range: 200 km
0-100km/h: 4.0 s 8 motor-in-wheel
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsConcept cars
AC Propulsion
1997 range: 500 km
0-100km/h: 4.0 s batteries: 317 kg
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsConcept cars
MIT City Car stackable
2 motor-in-wheel
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWhat do we learn from these cars?
performance is not an issue (except range)
electric motors do not constrain vehicle design
no conventional design
market niches
energy storage is the main problem
charging is a constrain
several technical solutions for charging (including
range extenders and battery replacement)
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsHow to improve?
energy storage•better batteries• supercapacitors
intensive regenerative braking
energy control•efficient control of load •efficient charging• system capable of absorbing extreme power (regenerative braking)
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsHow to improve?
“in vehicle” energy production (extended range, fuel cells)•high efficient ICE • cheap fuel cells runing on liquid fuel
weight• lighter energy storage devices• lighter construction (materials, manufacturing processes)•energy storage vs in vehicle energy production
powertrain design solutions•motors with capability for extreme power (regenerative braking)•motor-in-wheel units
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
Electric carsWhat are the challenges?
batteries with better power density than supercapacitors
supercapacitors with better energy storage than batteries
minimizing recharging time without straining the grid
very efficient “in vehicle” energy production
powertrain moving parts exclusively within the wheels
compact, efficient, powerfull and resistant motor-in-
wheels
eco-friendly materials intensive use
body and frame design
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CIENCIA 2009 Veículos eléctricos e novas formas de mobilidade – Gulbenkian, 29 Julho, 2009
thank you