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TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Ed Generazio
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Langley Research Center
Hampton, Virginia
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Dynamic Applications
2017 Research Award for Innovation
.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003221 2020-01-14T15:52:46+00:00Z
Background • NDE historically has focused technology development in propagating wave phenomena:
• X-ray, ultrasonic, microwave, thermal, terahertz, and eddy
current • Little attention to the field of electrostatics and emanating
electric fields.
• Interest in evaluating the integrity of wire insulation in aircraft and aerospace systems
• This work is based on the original electric field sensor (e-Sensor) work disclosed by Generazio (2002).
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Structure
Floating gate design
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
ea ea
Dielectric constant, relative permittivity, e
Electric susceptibility,
c = 1- e
e = 1 vacuum
Conductor
eb > ea
eb < ea
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eb eb
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Human Hands Asbestos Rabbit Fur Glass, Mica Human Hair Nylon, Wool Lead Silk Aluminum Paper Cotton Steel Wood Amber Hard Rubber Mylar Nickel, Copper Silver, Brass Gold, Platinum Polyester, Celluloid Saran Wrap Polyurethane Polypropylene Vinyl, Silicon Teflon Silicon Rubber
POSITIVE charge
NEGATIVE charge
Triboelectric affinity
+
-
NEUTRAL
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
• Low dielectric constant/Low electric susceptibility
• Non-conductor • Neutral triboelectric affinity
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Catch 22 • Want to select the best materials for constructing an electric
field measurement system, however, the actual electrical properties vary or are unknown in configuration to be used.
• Insulation on wiring • Wire diameters • Circuit elements • Support materials
• Don’t know actual electrical properties until tested
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An Example, “e - Sensor” Antenna Configuration for Wiring Inspection
e - Sensor
Damaged insulation
Electrical equipotential surfaces (V1, V2, V3, V4) are distorted due to damaged or aged insulation. Some
antenna elements are no longer parallel to the electrical equipotential surfaces and now are exposed to an
increase in potential.
The electric field, E, at any point is given by , where V is the electrical potential
New Insulation Damaged Insulation
V4
V2
V1 V3
V1
V4
V2
V1 V3
Equipotential surfaces
e - Sensor
-
V = E
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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“e - Sensor” Data from Prototype
e - Sensor LEDs are
dimmed proportionately
by the presence of the
spatially varying electric
potential existing around
statically charged
insulated wire.
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Wire passing through
e - Sensor prototype
e - Sensor
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
2nd Prototype
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Acquisition point
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shoulders
waist
chest
knee
calf
Ed Generazio’s
1st electric field image of a human, 10/23/2012
Electrical potential image of a human in a uniform electric field
Electric Potential Image of Human Using Electric Field Imaging (2016) US 9279719 B2 & Quasi-Static Electric Field Generator (2016) US20160049885A1
• First images identify rich areas of improvement.
• Imaging volumetric dielectric properties of structures
36”
1/4/2012
Image Processing
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Generazio, E. R., Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications, Materials Evaluation, November 2015, pgs. 1479 - 1489 17
𝐸 𝑋𝑖 ,𝑌𝑖 ,𝑍𝑖 ≈ − 𝑉 𝑋𝑖+1, 𝑌𝑖 , 𝑍𝑖 − 𝑉 𝑋𝑖 ,𝑌𝑖 ,𝑍𝑖
𝑋𝑖+1−𝑋𝑖 𝑖 +
𝑉 𝑋𝑖 , 𝑌𝑖+1 , 𝑍𝑖 − 𝑉 𝑋𝑖 , 𝑌𝑖 ,𝑍𝑖
𝑌𝑖+1−𝑌𝑖 𝑗
+ 𝑉 𝑋𝑖 , 𝑌𝑖 , 𝑍𝑖+1 − 𝑉 𝑋𝑖 , 𝑌𝑖 , 𝑍𝑖
𝑍𝑖+1−𝑍𝑖 𝑘
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Electric Potential Image
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential Images
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Characterization by Charge Tunneling, Injection,
and Distribution
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V- V+
V- V+
V-
++++++++++
---------
----------
++++++++++
----------
+++++++++
+ + + +
+
- - - -
-
Applied Electric Field
Initial Polarization Due to Bound Surface Charges at t = 0.0
Residual Charge Due to Charge Buildup at t1 = t + Dt > 0.0
Initial Displacement Fields Due to Bound Surface Charges at t = 0.0
V+
i0 i1
i2
i3
i4
i5 i6
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Figure 1
c d
b a
Non-conducting container
Container wall, outside surface
Container wall, inside surface
Suspect object in container
- - -
-
- - -
-
-
-
------
------
++++
++++
Suspect object in container
Electrode Electrode
Figure 1
Bound and Unbound
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Ed Generazio February 8, 2015
e-Sensor data write test bed system – identifying organic memory parameters
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Figure 7
a
c
b
d
Electrode
Adjustable Height
Electrode supports
Array support
Potential Control
Resistors
Conducting strips
Electrode wires
Data Storage Panel
Hinges
Storage Panel Mounting Bracket
Adjustable Height
Electrode supports
Array support
Array support
Array support
Data Storage Panel
Electrode
Electrode
After
Erasure
McMaster Label
on back side
reveals new
inspection
technology for
hidden objects. Data writes
without using
a triboelectric
process
Ed Generazio February 9, 2015
EFI image of Electrical Potential of Data Stored by Charge Distribution on PTFE
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a b
Data Read
12” 12”
Electric Potential Images
Ed Generazio February 19, 2015 Ed Generazio February 19, 2015
Back side of data storage panel
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Figure 10
a b
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Very conservative sensitivity at 1.55mV/cm Several orders of magnitude by FET selection, components, filtering, structural design, etc.
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Ephemeral e-Sensor
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
Equilibrium electrical potential
Equilibrium electrical potential
Ele
ctri
cal P
ote
nti
al (
- V
)
Position on X-Axis
Ele
ctri
cal P
ote
nti
al (
-V
)
Position on X-Axis
Non-rotating sensor
Rotating sensor
Typical Measured Ephemeral Sensor Response in the Presence of a Charged Axially Symmetric Object
X-Axis
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Solid State Ephemeral e-Sensor
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ergFET Yields Symmetric Electrostatic Potential and Image Representation
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
2D EFI
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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0 0.88 Time (seconds)
Measuredvoltage,
V
Strobe starts discharging (flashes)
sensor A
sensor B
Individual element sensor responses due to changes in strobe circuit electrical potentials
Strobe electrical components are activated
(charged)
Strobe components discharged
Strobe components
charging
t0 t0+Dt
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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Electric Potential Image
e-Sensor Linear Array Scan - Electrical Potential Image
~ 26 Hz AC waveforms observed
HV source on left side; RC circuit on right side (front surfaces 4” from e-Sensors) @ 12 VDC
Response of 16 e-Sensors
Electric Potential Image
Shaded region (low potential generated @12 VDC ) is overlapping with
objects’ locations
Ripples in image are due to low frequency AC
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e-Sensor Linear Array Scan - Electrical Potential Image of Hidden Active Circuit
~ 26 Hz AC waveforms observed
HV source on left side; RC circuit on right side (front surfaces 4” from e-Sensors) @ 12 VDC
Electric Potential Image
Shaded region (low potential generated @12 VDC ) is overlapping with
objects’ locations
Ripples in image are due to low frequency AC
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Horizontal banding is due inadequate sensor-to-sensor calibration
AC signals from imaged sources
~ 9”
~ 36”
e-Sensor Linear Array Scan - Electrical Potential Image
~ 26 Hz AC waveforms observed
HV source on left side; RC circuit on right side (front surfaces 4” from e-Sensors) @ 12 VDC
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Electric Field Imaging of Plasmas
By Jafet.vixle at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4581325
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By Jafet.vixle at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4581325
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Electric Potential Image
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2D Electric Field Imaging of Combustion Electric Starting Lighter
August 15, 2016
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Electric Potential Image of Ignited Lighter
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Electric Field Imaging (EFI) of Ion Gun Plasma
August 16, 2016
Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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2D e-Sensor Array & Ion Gun
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Electric Potential Image of Operating Ion Gun
Region of Lowest Potential
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Phonon-Electric Field Imaging (EFI)
Real-time 2D EFI Array System
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Phonon Assisted Dipole Creation
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3D Electric Field Imaging (EFI)
&
Electric Field Imaging Eye
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Electric Field Imaging Eye
• NASA Programs and Commercial space industry • Electrostatic discharge (ESD) mitigation and control requirements • Damaged materials characterization requirements • Component operations and integrity • Remote active circuit characterization. • Tether and insulation quality control • Lightening Prediction • Vehicle and component charging requirements • Design and construction of unique electronic sensors • Systems and human health monitoring in space • Astronaut EVA safety
• The Nation • Intrusion detection • US perimeter security • Transportation security- personnel and baggage inspection • Personnel identification and access • Electronic signature requirements • National power grid integrity • Crime scene forensics • Molecular memory • Medical – non-contact EKG and EMG (electromyography)
Anticipated Benefits
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
• Electric Field Imaging (2016) US 9279719 B2
• Quasi-Static Electric Field Generator (2016) US20160049885A1
• Ephemeral Electric Potential and Electric Field Sensor (2015) US20150137825
• Solid State Ephemeral Electric Potential and Electric Field Sensor, Serial Number: 15/177,798 (2016)
• Dynamic Multidimensional Electric Potential and Electric Field Quantitative Measurement System and Method , US Serial Number: 62/357,407 (2016)
• Solid State Ephemeral Electric Potential and Electric Field Sensor, US Serial Number: 15/177798 (2016)
• Dynamic Multidimensional Electric Potential and Electric Field Quantitative Measurement System and Method, US Serial Number: 62/357,407 (2016)
• LAR-19005-1 Electric Field Imaging Eye, Provisional Patent Application (2017)
• LAR-19007-1 Method for Phonon Assisted Creation and Annihilation of Subsurface Electric Dipoles, Provisional Patent Application (2017)
Q & A Patent Activities
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Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging with Applications
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For EFI technology listing and licensing opportunities:
Jesse Midgett, Technology Transfer Specialist [email protected] 757-342-5569
https://technology.nasa.gov/patent/LAR-TOPS-116