election system in italy (2)
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Election system
in Italy
ByFederica Brusa
Diletta Muccilli
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Proportional system
This system was used in Italy from 1946 to 1993.
It represents reality etter and !i"es a !ood
#photo!raphy$ of the different political currents%
ut it facilitates the creation of a political
fra!mentation. &o there are lots of different smallparties% which loc' the others throu!h "etos%
and the country is "ery difficult to !o"ern.
Systems used in Italy
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It was chan!ed ecause in Italy the alternation
of the !o"ernment etween ma(ority and
opposition has ne"er occurred) *hristianDemocracy was always in the centre of the
political system. &o people tal' aout a period
of #loc'ed democracy$% which fa"oured
corruption and the increase of the pulic
spendin!.
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Mixed system
This system was used in Italy from 1993 to +,,-.
Throu!h two referendums in 1991 and 1993/ the electoral
law was chan!ed. The new electoral law #Mattarellum$
introduced this mi0ed system) the -2 of the seats are
assi!ned with the ma(ority system with electoral colle!es% the
+-2 with the proportional system.
It simplifies the party system and !uarantees more staility%
ut it is confused and small parties must ally to reach the
ma(ority% ut then they must split up to otain the seats
assi!ned with the proportional system.
It was chan!ed ecause of Berlusconis !o"ernment.
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Current electoral system
This system is used in Italy since +,,- and is still in
force.
This system was introduced with the Calderoli law%
also called #Porcellum$ law.
ccordin! to this law% e"ery coalition presents a list ofcandidates from different parties. The electors can (ust
"ote for the list and not for a specific candidate% so the
lists are #loc'ed$. The "otes are summed up and the
seats are assi!ned throu!h restriction a coalition hasto recei"e the 1,2 of the "otes/ and first passed to
post systems the party which otains more "otes
recei"es some e0tra seats/.
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In the 5arliament the
seats are assi!ned onan electoral re!ional
district in the &enate on
a national one.
It wor's well ecause it
reduces the numer of
parties and assures a
ma(ority !o"ernment% utit doesnt respect
correctly the peoples
will.
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Electoral system in the USA
The electoral system is indirect and uses electoral
colle!es.
The citi7ens of e"ery sin!le state "ote for a candidate
associated to a !roup of #i! electors deputes and senatorsof a state/$ throu!h a ma(ority system called #winner ta'es
all$. The candidate who has more "otes ta'es all the i!
electors of that state% with the e0ception of 8eras'a and
Maine they use a proportional system.
The candidate who is "oted y more than +, #i! electors$
is the 5resident.
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:ith this system it could e possile that a president is
elected e"en if he doesnt ha"e the popular ma(ority
ecause the "otes of the citi7ens dont count much.
This system disad"anta!es candidates who ha"e a lar!econsensus focused in (ust some states.
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Possible electoral systems options
There are two main different electoral systems) the
proportional system and the ma(ority system. They can e
comined to ha"e a mi0ed system.
Proportional system
The electors "ote for a party or for a candidate associated to
it. The "otes otained y each party are summed up and aproportional numer of seats is !i"en to the party.
This system is really democratic ecause it represents reality
etter% ut the country is more difficult to !o"ern ecause there
are too many parties.
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Majority system
ccordin! to this system% the party which otains the ma(ority of "otes it can e
asolute or simple/ !o"ern.
This system tries to reduce the numer of parties and facilitate the e0istence of a
ma(ority in three different ways) usin! three different ways)
;lectoral colle!es) the country is di"ided into colle!es and e"ery colle!e is
!i"en one seat. Today this system e0ists no more in Italy ecause the
5orcellum law has eliminated it.
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Our proposal for Italy
In our opinion% the est electoral system for Italy is the proportional
system with some chan!es.
:e thin' that the restriction system should e used) a party must
otain a certain percenta!e of "otes to !o"ern. In this way there
would e less parties ecause the little ones cannot !o"ern.
:e prefer this system ecause its more democratic and it
represents etter the ideas of the Italian citi7ens.
But in our current situation its etter to use a ma(ority system%
ecause therell e a stron!est !o"ernment that can sol"e the crisis
and pay off our pulic det.
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Proposal for specific groups
oreigners
ccordin! to Maastricht a!reement% ;= citi7ens
who li"e in Italy ha"e the ri!ht to "ote at town hallelections. 8ow theres a discussion aout
e0pandin! this ri!ht to all the non>;= citi7ens who
wor' and li"e since - years in Italy.
:e thin' that if these people pay ta0es% use our
ser"ices and wor' here% they should decide who
are their representati"es and so "ote.
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Prisoners
The prisoners who are waitin! their (ud!ment orha"e committed ostructi"e crimes can "ote in our
elections% e"en if lots of them astain from "otin!.
:e thin' that all the prisoners should decide who
are their representati"es ecause they are still
Italian citi7ens and these representati"es maye
will ma'e some laws aout thin!s that interest
them% li'e crime or prisons.
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Italians li!ing abroad
&ince 1999% Italians li"in! aroad can "ote from thecountry where they are li"in!.
&ince +,,6% there are 1+ deputes and 6 senators
representin! Italians li"in! aroad.
:e thin' that it is correct ecause they are still Italianciti7ens so they must ha"e the same ri!hts and duties of
the Italian citi7ens who li"e here in Italy% ut they must
ha"e the means to 'now how is the political situation in
Italy efore "otin!.
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People !oting from "#
The Fi"e>&tars mo"ement
as'ed lots of time to chan!ethe "otin! a!e to 16 ecause it
hoped to ha"e more "otes from
youn! people.
:e thin' that this isnt a !oodidea ecause 16 years old
people dont follow the politics
and they are really !ullile% so
maye they will choose to "otethe candidate who their parents
or their older friends "ote.
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unding for political parties
Fundin! for political parties are susidies paid y the !o"ernment
directly to a political party to fund its political acti"ities. Mostdemocracies pro"ide funds from ta0payers? money. 8owadays
there is a discussion in Italy aout this @uestion) where should
this money come fromA There are many possiilities)
the situation can stay the same% so the parties recei"e pulicmoney% comin! from ta0es% to fund their acti"ities
the parties can !et money (ust from supporters% who ma'e
donations in fa"or of the party% li'e in the =&
the parties can fund themsel"es li'e normal a!encies do% for
e0ample sellin! !ad!ets or oo's
the memers elected of a party can fund it with a part of their
or the total/ salary.
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In our opinion it?s not fair
that parties !et pulic
money% ecause themoney comin! from ta0es
should e addressed to
impro"e pulic ser"ices.
It?s important that parties
ma'e somethin! to fund
their acti"ities and it?s ri!ht
that who recei"es a salaryfrom the party elected
memers/ in"ests in it.
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Abstentionism
;"en if "otin! is a ci"il duty% astentionism is "ery common in
Italy and in other countries. Blan' or null "otes are 'inds of
astention and today in Italy (ust the -2 of "otes are
"alid. Both forms astention and lan' "ote/ may e
considered to e protest "ote. ccordin! to
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nother prolem is the short time in which people must
"ote) two days for a whole country is not enou!h. Maye a
lon!er period to "ote and more pollin! stations could
reduce the astentionism.
lso the possiility to "ote on Internet is a !ood idea%
especially for youn! people.
In our opinion% the introduction of sanctions for those who
don?t "ote is neither !ood nor useful% and with it the "ote
would e no more free and no more a ri!ht of the citi7ens.