elec2017 - jan riezebos - the heart of lean education
TRANSCRIPT
The heart of educational lean
Supporting and facilitating learning as a lean process
Prof. Jan Riezebos, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Is lean applicable at the heart of education?
Literature review
Keywords of lean
1. Respect-for-human (Sugimori 1977)
2. Customer value, not shareholder value (Emiliani 2004)
3. Long term instead of short term strategy (Hines, 2004)
4. Pull instead of push (Hopp & Spearman 2004)
5. Flow time efficiency instead of resource efficiency (Modig & Ahlstrom 2014)
Published applications lean education› Books, papers
› 80 applications
› Classification of Grönroos 1994
• Core
• Facilitating
• Supporting
• Augmented offering
So what is at the heart of education?
learning
So what is at the heart of education?
Essential resources:• Student: behaviour, motivation, conceptions
• Previous knowledge and skills of student
• Acquiring knowledge: cognitive, affective, regulative activities
• Teacher, book, assignments, learning space, feedback
• Other learners: learning is a process of social interaction
So what is at the heart of education?
What do we observe of the learning process?
Jaikumar & Bohn, 1992: a dynamic approach to operations management
Stages of knowledge about processes
1. Extremes of good and bad output can be distinguished
2. Identify primary variables that might influence the output
3. Know which primary variables are relevant
4. Measure the (impact of the) primary variables on output
5. Control the output via the primary variables in a local region
6. Identify secondary variables (indirect effect)
7. Control of secondary variables
8. Knowledge and control of the complete process
expert procedure
Components of learning processes
Vermunt, 2005
Reproduction-based learning› Previous knowledge & skills
› Challenge to move towards next level
› Directed by materials, teachers, class mates
› Driven by tests and achievements
› Repetition to prevent poor retention
› Lean focus on
• individual pace and preferences
• testing, immediate feedback
Meaning-directed learning› Previous conceptual/mental model
› Challenge to move towards next level
› Directed by critical approach, discussion, deep learning
› Driven by personal motivation
› In-depth feedback to prevent poor retention
› Lean focus on
• individual motivation
• social interaction
Application-directed learning› Previous applications
› Challenge to move towards next level
› Directed by creativity, value creation, other applications
› Driven by external motivation
› Design approach to review progress and relate it to theoryto prevent poor retention
› Lean focus on
• external customer
• product design
Studying learning as a process
› Variety among students:
• Does this affect the processing time of learning activities?
• Or also the routing (what activities, sequence, number)?
• Or also the final assessment of quality?
• Or also the design specifications (what to expect)?
Personalized education› When to set the learning process that should be followed?
• At curriculum level (e.g., choice of method)
• Yearly?
• Biweekly?
• Daily plan?
KLUNGA, Swedish: cluster.SCRUM-based tool for the planning of personalized education
Example of lean tool design for personalized education
https://klun.ga
If every student is allowed to identify activities forits learning process at the start of the day,
how is the staff made aware of the requirementsthat students put on them?
Problem
https://klun.ga
Steps Identify, cluster, plan
1. Identify 2. Cluster 3. PlanManual or (semi)automatic clustering of signals to staff
Refer to coach
Plan -class room activity-self-study activity
Student signals
Learning goal andtype of activity
https://klun.ga
Conclusion
› Literature on lean in education has mainly focused on service activities, not on core education
› Learning processes can be described using activities: cognitive, affective, regulative
› Variation in the process can be analyzed using operations management tools
› Processes can be supported using lean and scrum tools