elastomer guide chemical compatibility

8/12/2019 Elastomer Guide Chemical Compatibility

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Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd

A technical guide to

Elastomer Compounds

and

Chemical Compatibility


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The contents of this document are confidential to and the copyright of Precision Polymer Engineering Limited (PPE). No use of all or any part

of this document or the designs, drawings, concepts, representations, specifications and ideas set out in this document can be reproduced

without the prior written permission of PPE nor may it be made available to any third party with a view to such third party carrying out work

based upon the contents of this document. Precision Polymer Engineering Limited. May 2006. All rights reserved.


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1 Introduction 4

2 Why use PPE? 5

3 PPE Services 6

Component design and computer modelling 6

Polymer materials consultancy and testing 7

Online seal selection resource for engineers 9

4 Perlast high performance perfluoroelastomers 11

5 How to select the correct seal 12

6 Elastomer compound types & typical properties 14

Material temperature comparison graph 18

7 Industry specific elastomers 19

8 Elastomer trade names 22

9 Chemical compatibility guide 23

10 Elastomer terminology & definitions 47

11 O-ring groove design guidelines 52

12 O-ring moulding tolerances 54

13 International standard O-ring sizes 57

14 A-Z index 65

Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd

A Technical Guide to Elastomers

Contents

Contents


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Introduction

Industries in which PPE has supplied sealing

solutions include:

Aerospace

Bio-analytical

Chemical Processing

Food, Dairy and Brewing

Marine Diesel Engines

Military / Defence

Nuclear

Oil and Gas

Pharmaceutical Power Generation

Semiconductor

Water

Seals and components any size, any geometry.

PPE can provide an infinite number and variety of

fully moulded parts including:

O-rings (0.25mm up to 2m diameter)

Flat Seals & Gaskets

Diaphragms

Pipe Couplings

Flanges

X rings

Hygienic seals

Inflatable seals

Pneumatic seals

Micro parts

Bonded parts (onto metal or plastics)

Fabric reinforced parts

Composite parts

Custom designed parts

Precision Polymer Engineering Limited

delivers elastomer sealing solutions to

the worlds leading industrial markets.

Founded in 1974, Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd

(PPE) has over 30 years experience in designing and

manufacturing high performance O-rings and

technical elastomer components.

With an unrivalled materials range of over 350

different compounds, PPE has an elastomer forevery application.

The combination of advanced materials, technical

expertise, rapid tooling, design and manufacturing

support services is unmatched in the sealing industry.

This guide describes the different types of

elastomer available, their typical characteristics

and chemical compatibility, plus factors toconsider when selecting an elastomer for a

particular sealing application.

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Question:

What if you could extend maintenance cycles, optimizeprocess conditions, reduce cost of ownership, and/or

increase the efficiency, performance and reliability of your

equipment?

PPE gives you access to the latest skills and expertise in

elastomer technology to ask what if?

With many years experience across a wide range of industries,

PPE can make a valuable contribution to

your business and help you achieve your goals.

PPE aims to become the partner of choice for original

equipment manufacturers, end-users and distributors around

the world. If you are interested in developing your what ifs

into viable business solutions, call PPE today on:

+44 (0) 1254 295400.

Standard and non-standard O-rings

High performance, fully moulded O-rings are manufactured to

order and available in an infinite range of sizes between

0.25mm and 2000mm internal diameter, with order quantities

ranging from 1 to medium volumes.

Range of materials

With a range of over 350 high performance elastomers on offer

and an extensive knowledge base of material compatibility and

performance, PPE ensures the perfect match of material to your

application. Every year we develop many new compounds and

sealing solutions, so if the ideal sealing material has not yet been

created, we can develop it for you.

Material approvals

From the 17 elastomer types detailed in this brochure, PPE

offers many that meet various international approvals and

conformance requirements, such as FDA, USP Class VI, 3-A,

WRC, DTD, MIL and NES 337, enabling PPE to provide superior

sealing solutions that meet the needs of specific industries.

Lead-times

Responsive rapid manufacturing service and express delivery

enable parts to be supplied with some of the shortest lead times

in the industry, measured in days rather than weeks.

Technical design service for customised

solutions

Problem solving is central to our culture, providing customers with

optimal design solutions which exceed expectations. PPE has the

ability to produce and import electronic Computer Aided Design

(CAD) drawings using the latest software, as well as using 2D and

3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling to explore what if

scenarios, ensuring the final seal design is right first time.

(See page 6 for more details).

Technical Support

Support and expert technical advice are always on hand at

PPE. Our engineers and material technologists are able to

provide support on component design, material selection and

compatibility, testing and analysis. Our consultancy service

and field support includes on-site assistance with problem

solving and troubleshooting.

In-house tooling

Tool design and manufacture is undertaken in-house using the

latest CAD and CNC machining techniques. This allows PPE

to manufacture competitive tooling within hours of the initial

design concept, which results in exceptionally short lead times

for non-standard and custom designed components.

Manufacturing facilities/capabilities

PPEs manufacturing facility contains some of the most

advanced equipment in Europe, with the capability of

producing fully moulded rubber components up to 2 metres in

diameter. In addition, critical parts are manufactured in a clean

room environment and a policy of continuous improvement,

supported by extensive investment in facilities, promotes

constant efficiency improvements.

In-house test capabilities

Equipped with a state-of the-art Materials Characterisation Centre

and latest test apparatus, PPEs Material Technology Departmentcan provide a range of services including: material analysis,

product development, characterisation, testing and detailed

analysis of polymeric materials. (See page 7 for more details).

Quality standards

PPEs quality systems are third-party registered to BS EN ISO

9001:2000 and AS9100:2004 with no exclusions to any

clauses. In addition, PPE is regularly assessed by a wide

range of customers including leading multi-national

corporations. PPE offers full batch traceability of materials

throughout the full production process together with

certification of conformity supplied on request.

Training and education

With the benefit of over 30 years experience in polymer

technology and precision component manufacturing, PPE

offers bespoke training courses which are tailored to your

needs. Our experts will provide delegates with a wealth of

knowledge relating to polymer and sealing technology, from a

basic level right up to advanced and specialist subjects.

WhyUsePPE?

PPE offers a One Stop Shop for all your elastomer sealing requirements.5

Why Use PPE?


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Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd (PPE) offers a

comprehensive design and modelling service for seals, custom

moulded elastomers and bonded components.

Typical services include:

Material recommendations, based upon chemical and

mechanical constraints

O-ring size optimisation to maximise sealing efficiency

and life expectancy

Groove size recommendations

Custom seal design

PPE engineers design components using SolidWorks, which

offers three dimensional parametric Computer Aided Design

(CAD) capabilities. Design intent is captured once into CAD and

then reused to drive all design and manufacturing processes:

2D & 3D non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA)using ANSYS

Tool manufacture

3D work instruction generation

2D inspection drawings

Component design and computer modelling services

PPEServices

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Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

FEA is used to predict contact forces, deformation and stress levels within the

component. In order to maximise the accuracy of modelling, PPE engineers

generate temperature specific material models for specific applications. By

minimising stresses within an elastomer we can reduce the effect of stress-induced

chemical attack and therefore prolong the life of a component in application.

Drawing from a wide range of in-house compounds and a comprehensive supply

chain, our design team is able to recommend the most suitable materials for your

application, either using solely elastomers, or augmenting them with metals or

thermoplastics such as PTFE or PEEK .

Integrated Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) facilities are used by ourexperienced team of tool designers to ensure that design intent is maintained

when manufacturing tooling within our in-house tool manufacture facilities.

Full configuration management is maintained throughout the design and

manufacturing process including the generation of 2D inspection drawings and 3D

manufacturing instructions. This ensures that requirements are correctly captured

and that the product we deliver meets the needs defined by our customers.

By working closely with our customers we can provide technical expertise

to maximise the performance of our materials in your application.

FEA rendering showing the equivalentstresses produced by the installation,

and then compression of a seal.

Computer generated model showing an inflatableseal for a pharmaceutical application.

Make PPE your sealing partner.

PPE is design-certified to ISO 9001:2000; our team of

designers captures customer requirements and translates

these into hardware recommendations and custom

designs. Various formats of electronic drawings are

accepted including IGES, STEP, PARASOLID, PRO-E ,

Inventor, DXF, DWG, plus many others. These can be

imported into SolidWorks for our team of design

engineers to work with. Components are designed in 3D

CAD, and when required, are modelled using FEA.


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Testing resources:

Utilising advanced techniques in material analysis, PPE

provides material characteristics and test data using the

following equipment:

Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) with attenuated total

reflectance (ATR) accessory

Melt-flow indexer

Shore A hardness meter

IRHD hardness meter

IRHD micro-hardness tester

Tensometer, with environmental chamber and laser

extensometer

Reflux and extraction apparatus.

Densometer

Explosive decompression (ED) testing rig

High pressure seal leak testing

Testing capabilities

Utilising the most modern analytical techniques, PPE provides

detailed analysis of materials. This work takes a number of

different forms:

Failure Analysis

A seal that has failed in an application is analysed using various

techniques to identify the cause and mode of failure. This often

includes differentiating between thermal and chemical

degradation and investigating other possible causes - such as

mechanical failure, environmental stress, premature ageing,

contaminants/inclusions and poor design. PPE provides

assistance in recommending alternative designs or materials.

Chemical compatibility

Seal materials are often used in unique combinations of fluids

over a wide variety of temperatures. Test facilities at PPE allow

chemical compatibility trials to be performed to address

specific customer needs. Changes in physical properties for

various materials can be examined and the most cost effectivesolution found.

Polymer materials consultancy & testing servicesPPEServices

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Analysis capabilities:

Formulation and deformulation

Research and development

Failure analysis

Methods/process development

Data interpretation

Polymer identification

Molecular weight distribution (Rheological method)

Chemical composition

Thermal analysis

Process chemistry and catalyst testing

Monomer ratios in mixed copolmers/terpolymers

Reaction kinetic studies

Dispersion analysis

Troubleshooting

Precision Polymer Engineering offers an extensive range

of independent testing and consultancy services for

companies and organisations which are looking for

assistance in investigating polymer materials of any sort.

As our core operations are very closely connected with

material development, industrialisation and processing, we are

not just another test house or consultant. We are an ideal

partner for organisations seeking practical support to solve a

challenge be it manufacturing, processing, evaluation, failure

analysis or optimisation.

chemical compatibility testing

failure analysis

microscopy

thermo-mechanical evaluation

physical property determination

Some of the key testing aspects:


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Thermal Analysis

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

DSC analysis compares the exothermic and endothermic

reactions of samples and a reference, as the sample and

reference are heated through a defined heating regime. The

technique enables the accurate determination of glass transition

temperatures, crystallization and melting points and in the case

of elastomers, cure characteristics. This technique is valuable for

failure analysis and compound development.

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)TGA analysis accurately weighs a sample as it is heated, from

typically 25C to 1000C. As the heating progresses, different

components of the elastomer formulation burn off thereby

reducing the weight. A step-like pattern emerges which

correlates quantitatively with the components of the formulation.

This technique is valuable for compound development,

reverse-engineering, process control and failure analysis.

PPEServices

8

Polymer materials consultancy & testing services

Thermo-mechanical Evaluation

Using environmental chambers to test the physical properties of materials at actual or elevated operating temperatures provides

practical results which are much more representative of real-life applications. The data is then used in computer modelling to create

accurate simulations of appropriate seal designs.

Spectroscopy

Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR)

FTIR involves passing an infra-red light through or impinging on a sample of material. The light gives up some of its energy, causing

various molecular structures in the sample to vibrate, twist or stretch; the resultant light is then compared with a reference light

stream and the result is represented as a characteristic plot of peaks. This technique is helpful in fingerprinting materials, failure

analysis and compound development.

Explosive Decompression Testing

Explosive decompression (ED) damage of elastomer seals occurs when seals are

under high pressure for some time and then rapidly de-pressurised. Gases absorbed

into the elastomer rapidly expand causing the seal to rupture. PPEs ED test

equipment can pressurise seals of various geometries up to 70 MPa (10,000 psi) and

can decompress over any desired cycle or time, whilst at temperatures of up to

300C. Using this equipment, compounds can be developed and tested to overcome

this condition, with pressure, temperature and pressure release cycles simulating

actual field operation, the performance of seal types and grades can be confirmed

before installation. With a 3L cylinder, the ED test rig has been designed to meet Total,

NACE, NORSOK and Shell test requirements with all temperatures, pressures, gas

mixtures and depressurisation rates detailed therein. The O-ring carrier insert is

interchangeable to allow O-rings to be tested at various squeeze levels, in face and

piston geometries. This equipment also tests high-pressure sealing capability versus

diametral clearance and back-up ring performance.

The services of the Material Characterisation Centre are

available at very competitive rates see our website

(www.prepol.com) for more details.

More information on the types of tests undertaken can be

found in the Elastomer Terminology section of this brochure.


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Chemical Compatibility Lookup Wizard / Material Selector Tool

If you would rather not spend time looking up numerous chemicals from pages of lists and tables, we have made it much easier by

transferring all this information onto our website. With just a few clicks to select the appropriate chemicals, the wizard instantly scores

the various elastomer types against each chemical individually and collectively. The wizard then allows you to shortlist the chemicals

and finally suggests the most appropriate PPE elastomer grades for the short-listed chemicals, which can be sorted and ranked by

various criteria including temperature, hardness, colour, compression set, etc.

Select Technical and Material Selector Tool from the menu.

PPEServices

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Online seal selection resource for engineers

www.prepol.comA one-stop seal selection resource for engineers.

Includes useful tools and wizards which are quick, free and easy to use.

Datasheets, Specifications and Elastomer Guides

All the technical specifications and datasheets you will ever need are available in our datasheet download library enabling you to

print-off the latest information for PPE elastomers.

Select Technical and Datasheet Library from the menu.

The document library includes PDF newsletters and technical guides covering: types of elastomer compounds, chemical

compatibility, food and pharmaceutical seals and seals for diesel engines.

Select Technical and Literature Library from the menu.


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O-ring and Groove Dimension Look-up Wizard

AS and BS dimensions in a flash.

This easy to use wizard allows you to quickly identify the best fit standard sized O-ring for your equipment and print off a full

dimensional drawing. No longer do you have to spend hours thumbing through tables and calculating the seal size, the wizard does it

all within seconds. It provides AS and BS sizes for the most common seals used in plant equipment, specifically, rod seals, piston

seals, face seals and trapped seals. It also provides a detailed technical drawing of the groove showing all dimensional

measurements which can be included in other reports and drawings.

Select Technical and Hardware Design Tool from the menu.

Online Helpdesk

Need help? Got a sealing problem? Look no further than our experts

If you have a question relating to any aspect of elastomer seals weve probably been asked it before. For a quick answer,

consult our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page which is constantly updated. If your question doesnt already appear,

dont be afraid to ask our team of experts, and they will respond promptly.

Select Technical and FAQ from the menu.

PPEServices

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Online seal selection resource for engineers

www.prepol.comA one-stop seal selection resource for engineers.

Includes useful tools and wizards which are quick, free and easy to use.


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As part of the PPE Group of companies, Perlast Limited

specialises in the manufacture of the latest generation of

perfluoroelastomer materials.

is a third generation perfluoroelastomer developedto meet the increasing need for seals with outstanding mechanical

properties combined with excellent chemical resistance.

This high performance material combines the chemical and thermal resistance of

polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with the elastomeric properties of fluorocarbon (FKM).

is available as AS, BS, metric and custom O-rings, custom mouldings, bonded

parts and sheets, in a range of hardnesses from 50 to 90 Shore and in a range of colours.

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Key Industries

Semiconductor & Flat Panel Display (FPD)

Plasma resistant and ultra-pure grades.

Pharmaceutical & Bio-anaylitical

FDA and USP Class VI compliant grades.

Chemical Processing

Fully fluorinated compounds offer the highest

level of chemical resistance.

Food and Dairy

FDA and FCN compliant materials and metal

detectable seals.

Diesel Engines

High temperature and fluid resistant grades.

Oil & Gas

High pressure and high temperature resistant

materials.

The flexibility of Perlast

provides a number

of advantages:

Available as AS, BS, metric and

imperial standard O-rings and

non-standard sized O-rings, plus

custom components, composite

parts and bonded parts.

In-house tooling means that

non-standard O-rings and

custom components can be

supplied just as easily as

standard sizes.

An extensive range of material

grades ensuring the optimum

material for each application.

Rapid production with

exceptionally short lead-times.

Designated by ASTM as an FFKM (a perfluoro rubber of polymethylene type, generically

known as a perfluoroelastomer) the range of elastomers offer performance

characteristics that span the most demanding of applications in industries as diverse as

pharmaceutical processing,semiconductor manufacture, large diesel engines for ocean liners

and power generation plants in remote locations.

perfluoroelastomer parts are produced in a wide range of grades, many of which

carry the respective approvals for food, pharmaceutical and semiconductor applications.

characteristics:

High temperature stability up to 330C

Exceptional chemical resistance

Total reliability High purity

Assured quality

Steam resistant grades

Low out-gasing under vacuum

Good long-term high temperature

compression set resistance Low permeability

Longevity

For more information on Perlast, request a copy of the Perlast Brochure or visit www.perlast.com.

Perfluoroelastomers


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Selecting the correct seal

Sealselection

12

The process of selecting a seal must take account of a range of different criteria to ensure that

the optimal material grade and seal size or design is suitable for the application.

Key selection criteria broadly fall into three main categories: the service conditions;

hardware and seal design considerations; and regulatory or approval requirements.

The flowchart opposite summarises the main steps involved in a selecting the correct seal. To assist engineers further with the

selection process, PPE has developed various online tools available at www.prepol.com

Material selector tool an interactive

elastomer chemical compatibility guide

to identify the material grades which

are compatible with various process

media. More details on page 9.

Hardware design wizard an

interactive groove/gland dimension

calculator to select standard BS4518

and BS1806 O-ring sizes, with a full

dimensional drawing available to print.

More details on page 10.

For the selection of non-standard

O-rings and gland design or the

design of custom seals, please consult

the PPE technical sales team for

assistance.

Tel. +44 (0) 1254 295400

Service conditions

What process media will the seal be exposed to (including

those used in cleaning or maintenance operations)?

What temperature will the seal be subjected to (both

maximum and minimum) in storage, normal operation

and extreme conditions (such as equipment overload

scenarios)?

Will the seal be exposed to low or high pressure?

Will this be constant or cycling? Will the seal be used in a static or dynamic environment?

If used dynamically, will the movements be reciprocating

or rotary?

Are there other constraints such as exposure to

weathering (eg, UV light, ozone), flame retardancy,

electrical conductivity?

What is the seal life expectancy and what are the

consequences of seal failure?

Design considerations

What are the shape and dimensions of the housing

(or gland) where the seal must fit?

Will a standard size O-ring be acceptable, or is a

non-standard size O-ring or a custom design required?

How will the seal be installed? Does it need to be

self-retained during hardware assembly?

Are there other constraints which will affect seal

dimensions and tolerances, such as hardware out offlatness?

What is the surface finish of the hardware?

Are there any constraints on cost versus reliability?

Approval/Specification requirements

What customer specifications are required?

What regulatory body standards are required?

(e.g. FDA, USP, 3A) Does the seal need to be a specific colour?

material selector hardware design bespoke design


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ACM (Polyacrylic or Polyacrylate)

These rubbers are usually copolymers of ethyl acrylate and a

vinyl ether and are resistant to heat, hydrocarbon oils and in

particular, oil additives, especially sulphurised types used for

lubrication under extreme pressure conditions.

ACM elastomers offer excellent heat resistance; they can typically

be used at temperatures of 150C (up to 175C for limited

periods). They provide high resistance to ozone, weathering and

oxidation but are extremely susceptible to hydrolysis, hence their

unsuitability for use in aqueous media. Compression set and low

temperature flexibility depends on the base polymer and

compounding choice. ACM elastomers are used primarily where

combined resistance to heat and oil is required, typical uses

include O-rings, seals and gaskets mainly for the automotive

industry, particularly under-bonnet applications.

AEM (Ethylene Acrylic)

These elastomers are terpolymers of ethylene, methyl acrylate

and a cure site monomer. AEM elastomers offer good resistance

to heat ageing, weathering, aliphatic hydrocarbons and good low

temperature performance. They show poor resistance to strong

acids, hydrolyzing agents and some polar fluids.

AEM applications are similar to those of ACM elastomers, but

AEM has the advantage where low temperature flexibility is

concerned. Applications typically include shaft seals, spark

plug boots, CV joint bellows and ignition wire jackets.

AU / EU (Polyester and Polyether Urethane)

These elastomers generally show outstanding tensile strength,tear and abrasion resistance, and give excellent protection

against oxygen and ozone (except in hot climates, due to

greater risk of microbiological attack in AU types, and

ultraviolet light in the case of EU types). EU elastomers have a

better low temperature flexibility (-35C typically) and both

have excellent resistance to high-energy radiation.

Polyurethane rubbers are used where high abrasion resistance

and oil / solvent resistance are required together, e.g. hydraulic

seals and gaskets, diaphragms, hoses and roller-skate and

skateboard wheels. In all applications, consideration should be

given to hydrolysis and limited heat resistance.

CR (Chloroprene)

Chloroprene rubbers are essentially chlorinated polyisoprenes,

which exhibit medium resistance to high molecular weight oils.

Chloroprene rubbers contain chlorine in the polymer to reduce

the reactivity to many oxidising agents, as well as to oil and

flame. CR elastomers also have good resistance to ozone

cracking, heat ageing and chemical attack. Some of the

important applications of CR elastomers include Vee-belts,

coated fabrics, cable jackets, tyre-sidewalls, seals and gaskets in

contact with refrigerants, mild chemicals and atmospheric ozone.

CSM (Chlorosulphonylpolyethylene or

Chlorosulphonatedpolyethylene)

CSM grades contain 24-43% chlorine content to provide

excellent ozone and weather resistance, high resistance to

many oxidising and corrosive chemicals, good resistance to

dry heat to 150C, low flammability and gas permeability, and

also good resistance to hot water (when cured with lead

oxide). The low temperature properties are generally limited,

depending on the chlorine content of the CSM grade used,

and the compression set is not very good. CSM elastomers

are generally useful in electrical applications, weather resistant

membranes, hoses and acid resistant tank linings.

ECO (Epichlorohydrin)These halogenated linear aliphatic polyethers show excellent

resistance to ozone and weathering and very good resistance

to hydrocarbon oils bettered only by polysulphides,

fluoroelastomers and high-acrylonitrile nitrile rubbers. They

exhibit good mechanical properties but are susceptible to sour

gas attack. They are unsuitable for use with ketones and

esters, alcohols, phosphate ester hydraulic fluids, sour gas,

water and steam, and generally not recommended for rubber

to metal bonding (they are corrosive to metals). The main

applications for ECO elastomers are centred on the automotive

industry, for use as seals, gaskets, diaphragms, cable jackets,

belting, plus low temperature Natural Gas diaphragms.

Elastomer types and properties

Elastomertypes

andproperties

14

Elastomer types are often referred to under standard designations/acronymslisted in ASTM D1418 or ISO 1629. A brief description of each elastomer typeand their typical characteristics follows:

A complete list of current PPE material grades

is available on our website: www.prepol.com


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EPR/EPDM (Ethylene-Propylene)

These rubbers are mainly available in two structures as the

copolymer (EPR), or as the terpolymer (EPDM). The properties

for both types of rubber are very similar with the polymers

exhibiting outstanding resistance to weathering, ozone, water

and steam. These rubbers have good chemical resistance andare particularly recommended for use with phosphate ester

based hydraulic systems. They are typically used in the

production of window and door seals, wire and cable

insulations, waterproofing sheets and hoses. They are not

suitable for use with mineral oils or petroleum based fluids.

These rubbers can either be sulphur or peroxide-cured, in

general sulphur-cured grades have superior mechanical

properties and inferior high temperature properties and vice-

versa for peroxide cured grades.

FEP/PFA (Fluoroethylene Propylene-Perfluoroalkoxy)

These chemically modified fluorocarbon copolymers(fluoropolymers) appear more like plastic than rubber, they are

extremely resilient and show excellent chemical resistance.

Mechanical properties are very good even at high

temperatures. Non-stick characteristics are excellent and

abrasion resistance can be classified as moderate. The

effective continuous temperature range is from -100C to

+200/250C for FEP/PFA respectively. Typical applications

include door seals and sealing systems in diaphragm pumps,

cryogenic plants, sealed filter units, corrosive fluid plants, relief

and emergency valves and pneumatics. Fluoropolymers are

often used to encapsulate other elastomers to produce

composite seals.

FEPM or TFE/P (Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene)

A copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene, FEPM is

solely produced by the Asahi Glass Company, and sold under

the name Aflas. FEPM vulcanisates exhibit similar thermal

stability to FKM elastomers, but better electrical resistance

and a different chemical resistance profile. FEPM compounds

have the ability to resist a wide range of chemical

combinations such as sour gas and oil, acids and strong

alkalis, ozone and weather, steam and water, all hydraulic and

brake fluids, alcohols, amine corrosion inhibitors, water-based

drilling and completion fluids, high pH completion fluids and

high energy radiation. However, they are not compatible witharomatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g. M.E.K.

and acetone), organic acetates and organic refrigerants.

FEPM elastomers are suitable for long-term service in air up to

225C and for short periods up to 250C, but are limited in

low temperature applications. They are finding wide

applications mainly in oil-field operations and chemical

processing as O-rings, seals and gaskets, cable insulating and

jacketing and hose liners.

FFKM/FFPM (Perfluoroelastomer)FFKMs exhibit outstanding high temperature properties and

are the most chemically resistant elastomer available;

effectively a rubber form of PTFE. They are superior to FKM

elastomers, showing continuous dry-heat resistance to 260C,

with extended performance to 330C for high temperature

grades. They are extremely inert chemically and show

excellent resistance to the majority of chemicals that attack

other elastomers. Other notable properties include excellent

resistance to oil-well sour gases, high temperature steam, low

out-gassing under vacuum and good long-term high

temperature compression set resistance. Typical applications

are sealing systems for oil refineries, pharmaceutical plant,

aerospace, chemical plant and the semiconductor industry.

See Page 11 for details of Perlast, the FFKM

Perfluoroelastomer material from PPE.

FKM/FPM (Fluoroelastomer or Fluorocarbon)

This class of rubber is available as a copolymer, terpolymer or

tetrapolymer; the type determines the fluorine content and

thus, chemical resistance. FKM materials are either bisphenol-

cured or peroxide-cured for better resistance to wet

environments. General properties include excellent resistance

to heat, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated

solvents and petroleum fluids. Fluoroelastomers have a clear

superiority in O-ring sealing force retention over most otheroil-heat resistant rubbers with the exception of

perfluoroelastomers such as Perlast (see page 11).

FKM/FPMs do show poor resistance to ethers, ketones,

esters, amines and hydraulic fluids based on phosphate

esters. Special compounds are required to provide suitable

resistance to hot water, steam and wet chlorine. Typical

applications are for valve-stem seals, crankshaft seals, diesel

engine cylinder O-ring seals, pinion seals, glow plug seals,

ducting expansion joints and seals for the aerospace industry.

Elastomer types and propertiesElastomertypesandproperties

15




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FVMQ (Fluorosilicone)

FVMQ elastomers are modified silicone rubbers, which have

many of the properties associated with silicone rubber but

show great improvements in oil and fuel resistance. Typical

properties include excellent resistance to ozone, oxygen,

weathering and non-adhesive characteristics. They have a

very wide service temperature range and low chemical

reactivity. They do however have low tensile strength, poor

tear and abrasion resistance and high gas permeability. Typical

uses include sealing systems requiring wide temperatureexposure and resistance to aerospace fuels and oils.

IIR (Butyl)

This copolymerised structure of isobutene and isoprene has

an effective long-term temperature range of -50 to +120C.

The key properties for this rubber are very low gas

permeability and water absorption with very good resistance

to ozone, weathering and oxygen. All grades have very low

elastic resilience and are suitable for use with many fluids

except for mineral and petroleum based chemicals. Typical

applications are tyre inner tubes, vacuum seals and

membranes, pharmaceutical enclosures and shock absorbers.

IR (Polyisoprene)

Synthetic version of natural rubber; its strengths and uses are

similar, but its relative purity means that IR materials tend to

crystallise less at low temperatures. Consequently, it has

better performance at lower temperatures but, at normal

temperatures, its performance is inferior to natural rubber.

NBR (Nitrile or Acrylonitrile Butadine)

The properties of this copolymer are governed by the ratios of

the two monomers acrylonitrile and butadiene. Nitrile rubber

can be classified as three types based on the acrylonitrile

(ACN) content (low, medium and high). The higher the ACN

content, the higher will be the resistance to aromatichydrocarbons. The lower the ACN content, the better will be

the low temperature flexibility. The most commonly specified,

and the best overall balance for most applications is,

therefore, 'medium nitrile'.

High Nitrile: >45% ACN content

Medium Nitri le: 30 45% ACN content

Low Nitrile: < 30% ACN content

General characteristics of NBRs include excellent resistance to

aliphatic hydrocarbon oils, fuels and greases, very low gas

permeability, improved heat ageing and ozone resistance,improved tensile and abrasion strength, hardness, density and

low compression set. Typical applications are as gaskets and

seals, hoses and cable jacketing in hydraulic/pneumatic

systems and oil/hydrocarbon based environments.


Elastomertypes

andproperties

16

Copolymer, Terpolymer or Tetrapolymer

Fluoroelastomer or fluorocarbon (FKM/FPM) materials are available in three general types depending

on their fluorine content and the number of monomers contained within the polymer:

TypeFluorine

ContentAdvantages/Disadvantages

Copolymer

(A/E)65-65.5%

Contains two monomers (simple molecules from which polymers are built).

General purpose, most common, most widely used for sealing.

Best compression set and very good fluid resistance.

Often referred to as 'A' and 'E' type grades.

These are normally the least cost types of compound.

Terpolymer(B or F)

67%

Contains three monomers.

Better fluid and oil/solvent resistance than copolymers but at the expense of

poorer compression set resistance.

Often referred to as 'B' or F type grades.

F grades offer superior fluid resistance over B grades.

Tetrapolymer(G)

67-69%

Contains four monomers.

Improved fluid, acid, solvent resistance over other types. Compression set better

than terpolymers. These are sometimes known as 'G' grades.

In addition, certain tetrapolymers have good low-temperature flexibility.

Tetrapolymers are the most costly of the three types listed here.

Tetrapolymer materials can also be referred to as GF, GLT and GFLT grades

which correspond to Viton FKM materials.

GF Good high temperature performance and chemical resistance but reduced

mechanical properties and low temperature performance.

GLT Improved low temperature performance but reduced chemical resistance.

GFLT Good all-round low/high temperature performance and chemical resistance.

Vitonis a registered trade name of Dupont Performance Elastomers.


17/68

HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile)

HNBR elastomers are a saturated version of NBR, showing

superior heat resistance. General properties include excellent

wear resistance, high tensile strength, high hot-tear resistance,

low compression set and very good ozone and weathering

resistance. They also exhibit good resistance to many oiladditives, hydrogen sulphide, high-energy radiation and amines

present in crude oil.

HNBRs fill the gap between NBRs and FKMs in many areas of

application where resistance to heat and aggressive media are

required simultaneously, and may therefore provide a lower cost

alternative to FKM elastomers. Typical applications are in extreme

environments such as oil-fields and under-bonnet automotive.

NR (Natural rubber )

Natural rubber (tapped from the cultivated rubber tree) exhibits

high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, resilience, tear

strength and low hysteresis. These rubbers exhibit the best

long range elasticity.

The chemically similar IR (polyisoprene) has lower strength

properties than the natural form but better low-temperature

performance. Both rubbers are susceptible to degradation by

weathering, and both show poor resistance to mineral and

petroleum-based oils and fuels.

Main applications apart from tyres are for vibration mounts,

springs and bearings.

PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

Polytetrafluoroethylene is not an elastomer but an extremely

inert thermoplastic, unaffected by virtually all known solvents.

It also exhibits this inert characteristic over a wide range of

temperatures. Its hardness and lack of elasticity prevents its

general use as an elastomeric sealing ring, but it is often used

as a back-up ring. Typical applications are backing rings,

bearings and non-stick requirements, or for use in composite

seals when combined with elastomers.

SBR (Styrene-Butadiene)

This copolymer of styrene and butadiene is used in general

applications where exposure to mineral oils is not required.

Originally developed to replace natural rubber, it performs

better at high temperatures, although tensile strength,

resilience and abrasion resistance are inferior at lowertemperatures. SBRs have inferior weathering and chemical

resistance to most other elastomers. Typical applications are

sealing requirements for hydraulic braking systems.

TFE/P (Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene)

See FEPM.

VMQ/PVMQ (Silicone)

These elastomers, which include the phenyl substituted

silicones are noted for their high and low temperature

applications (phenyl silicones offer exceptionally low temperature

flexibility). They have excellent resistance to ozone andweathering and good resistance to compression set at high

temperatures. They do, however, have poor tensile strength,

low tear and abrasion resistance and high gas permeability.

Silicones have a low level of combustible components; even

when exposed to flame, the elastomer is reduced to a non-

conducting silica ash. Silicones also exhibit excellent

compression set and high physiological inertness (tasteless,

odourless and completely non-toxic). Silicones are also resistant

to bacteria, fungi, a wide range of media including high energy

radiation and excellent release properties (except to glass).

Platinum-cured silicones offer enhanced levels of purity and low

extractables making them ideal for pharmaceutical, biomedical

and food & drink applications.

Elastomer types and propertiesElastomertypesandproperties

17




18/68

This graph positions the various elastomer types according to typical temperature and chemical resistance. Elastomers which are in

the top right-hand corner are considered high performance elastomers.

Elastomertypes

andproperties

18




This graph shows the typical useful operating temperature range of each elastomer type.

Typical temperature capability of elastomers

Normal operating temperatureshort-term operation or special

high temperature grade required

short-term operation or special

low temperature grade required


19/68

Elastomersforspecificindustriesan

dapplications

19

Elastomers for specific industries and applications

In some industries, elastomers must meet certain requirements or comply withspecific regulations and standards. Below is a summary of criteria required invarious industries:-

Aerospace/Defence

Approved to ISO 9001/2000 and AS9100, PPEs short

lead-times and production capabilities fit well with the

requirements of maintenance, repair and overhaul operations.

Military customers, in particular, take advantage of our efficient

make-to-order capabilities where limitations on cure dates (shelf

life) prevent speculative stock holding of spares. A range of

materials are available which conform to the test requirements

of the DTD and MIL specs, these materials are used in a wide

range of aircraft and support systems.

In addition to the more traditional areas of sealing such as in

electrical and fuel systems, our materials with extreme

temperature capabilities such as phenyl silicones and Perlast

perfluoroelastomers are being specified for demanding

applications such as jet engines, laser infra-red countermeasures and high pressure gas generators.

Elastomers typically used in this industry include high FKMs,

low temperature FKM, ultra-low compression set FKM, low

temperature fluorosilicones, nitriles (NBR), special EPDMs and

ultra-high temperature FFKMs.

Defence Standard 02-337 (NES 337) defines O-ring seals

used on UK Ministry of Defence Surface Ships & Submarines

and their associated systems and equipment. Typical system

applications include hydraulics, lubrication systems, fuel

systems and pneumatics. PPE offers a complete range of

nitrile and fluorocarbon elastomer materials to meet therequirements of this specification.

Nuclear

Expertise and capabilities in the design and development of

seals for high containment applications, from material process

through to transportation and storage. A wide range of

materials are available that are suitable for use with ionising

radiation and hazardous materials, including industry-accepted

EPDM, Nitrile, FKM and Polyurethane grades.

Marine Diesel, Generator Sets and Power Generation

PPE is a world-leading supplier of seals for diesel and gas

engines for both marine propulsion and electricity generation

(gen sets). Our seal designs and high performance materials

continue to be specified on 2 and 4 stroke engines from small

to large capacity, where typical life expectancy of >20,000

hours is required. PPE materials have been developed for

long-term resistance to coolants, lubricating oils, corrosion

inhibitors and fuels - from high grade diesel and unrefined

gases to aggressive heavy fuel oils (HFO). Our materials have

a proven track record in the most arduous areas such as the

cylinder liners, flame deck, fuel delivery and exhaust valve seat

applications where planned maintenance schedules are met

and even exceeded.

For applications calling for the use of SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride)

insulating gas and oil filled transformers, our specially formulated

E70V EPDM grade with low electrical conductivity ensures long

service life in extreme weather conditions.

Elastomers typically used in this industry include EPDM, NBR,

HNBR, fluorocarbons (FKM), silicone (VMQ) and

perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) for ultimate temperature and

chemical resistance.

Ask for a copy of our High Performance Elastomer Seals for

Diesel Engines brochure or download it from our website

www.prepol.com.

Chemical Processing

Sealing for the chemical processing industry requires high

performance materials which offer excellent high temperature

and aggressive chemical resistance. The diverse range of

markets within this industry, including petrochemical and

pharmaceutical, demand outstanding sealing performance,

reliability and increased service life, which in turn extends

preventative maintenance cycles of mechanical seals.

From our extensive range of elastomer compounds we can offer

materials that meet various international approvals and

conformance requirements, enabling us to provide superior

sealing solutions for pumps, valves, mechanical seals, pipe

couplings and reactors which meet the needs of our customers.

Pharmaceutical & Bio-analytical

PPE offers a full range of sealing solutions for pharmaceutical and

bio-analytical industries where both mechanical and chemical

properties are crucial, and hygienic sealing capability is critical.

PPE's pharmaceutical material grades include EPDM, Nitrile,

Silicone, FKM and FFKM, which have been specially

developed to withstand steam-in-place (SIP) and clean-in-

place (CIP) procedures within pipework and vessels. In

addition, many of these materials are compliant with the

requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA),

United States Pharmacopeia - Class VI (USP Class VI) and

3-A Sanitary Standards.

Request a copy of our Elastomer Seals for the Food and

Phamaceutical Industries brochure or download it from our

website www.prepol.com.


20/68

PPE materials which are suitable for all the above

industries are listed on our website: www.prepol.com

Elastomersforspecificindustriesa

ndapplications

20


Semiconductor

Semiconductor production

environments represent some

of the most aggressive

environments encountered by

seals. Seals have to be madeof ultra-pure materials, survive

extreme temperatures and a

mixture of fluorinated gases.

For these reasons, seals for the semiconductor industry are at

the cutting edge of material technology.

PPE scientists and technicians have created a range of

specially developed high performance materials for use in

critical semiconductor environments. Emphasis is placed on

providing a comprehensive range of materials, including the

latest generation of Perlast Perfluoroelastomers, which offer

enhanced performance and improved functionality.

The relentless drive to improve productivity and increase wafer

yields has resulted in increased process temperatures, use of

more aggressive gases and increased plasma density, all of

which place escalating demands on current sealing technology.

Perlast compounds have been created to withstand

temperatures up to 330C in aggressive media such as activated

fluorine-based chemistries. The result is a new range of materials

that will help extend maintenance cycles, reduce particle

generation and lower chamber leakage rates.

In addition, PPE can also provide FKM copolymers in black, white,

brown and green, fluorosilicones in blue and translucent, plus the

innovative Nanofluor ultra pure, nano-filled fluoropolymer.

Request a copy of our Perfluoroelastomers for Semiconductor

Applications brochure or download it from our website.

Offshore (Oil & Gas)

Precision Polymer Engineering has supplied high performance

O-ring seals and custom mouldings into the oilfield industry for

over 25 years. Specialist grades of elastomer are specifically

tailored to meet the challenges of the most inhospitable

operating environments in the world, encountering explosive

decompression, sour gas, extreme temperatures andaggressive chemicals.

PPE supplies components into a wide range of applications,

including safety critical rubber/metal bonded blow-out

preventor seals, low friction sampling cylinder seals and fully

moulded O-rings up to 2 metres in diameter for use on pipe

couplings and large pumps.

We offer components with high sealing efficiency for systems

operating in environments with high temperature combined

with high pressure such as ultra-deep water drilling to 210

MPa (30,000 PSI) and 260C.

Our broad range of compounds allows our material and

engineering teams to specify the right solution for every sealing

system. Elastomers typically used in this industry include NBR,

HBNR, fluoroelastomer (FKM - copolymers, terpolymers &

tetrapolymers), Kemex, Aflas and perfluoroelastomer (FFKM).

Explosive decompression (ED) resistant grades are available

from PPE in Aflas, FKM and HNBR. In addition, ED testing is

available in our state-of-the-art material characterisation centre

see page 8 for more details.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The Food and Drug Administration is the US Federal Agency

responsible for ensuring that foods are safe, wholesome and

sanitary; human and veterinary drugs, biological products and

medical devices are safe and effective; cosmetics are safe;

and electronic products that emit radiation are safe.

Although the jurisdiction of the FDA is in theory restricted tothe United States, FDA regulations are commonly adopted as

international control standards.

Through its Codes of Federal Regulations the FDA provides a

list of materials and chemicals that are approved for contact

with foodstuffs. CFR 21.177.2600 describes the relevant

regulations for Rubber articles intended for repeated use.

This lists the ingredients and any quantitative limits that may

be used in a rubber compounds for moulded products

intended for repeated use in all stages of food manufacture,

preparation and transportation.

CFR21.177.2600 also specifies limits on extractable productsif the elastomer is to be used in contact with aqueous or fatty

foods. The regulation specifies extraction test limits in water

and n-hexane. It is important to note that for an elastomer to

be compliant to these requirements, then this claim must be

supported with appropriate documentation.

The FDA does not approve products to CFR21.177.2600; it

is for the manufacturer of the finished rubber product to

demonstrate compliance. It is also important to note that

whilst a component may be made from a material that is

suitable for food contact, this does not mean that the part is

technically suitable for its intended application.

PPE offers an extensive range of FDA-compliant material

grades that is unrivalled in the sealing industry. The range

includes EPDM, nitrile (NBR), HNBR, silicone, chloroprene,

fluoroelastomer (FKM) and perfluoroelastomer (FFKM).

In addition, PPE has developed an exciting new range of metal

detectable elastomer compounds designed specifically to meet

the stringent demands of the food processing industry. The

DETECTASEAL range includes FDA-complaint grades with

compounds available in blue, white and black.

DETECTASEAL O-rings have been tested and proven in use

at leading food manufacturing plants in the UK.


21/68

Elastomersforspecificindustriesan

dapplications

21


Food Contact Notification (FCN)

The Food and Drug Administration Modernisation Act of 1997

provides a system whereby a manufacturer or supplier of

food-contact material may submit an FCN to the FDA

regarding the identity and use of the new food contact

substance, together with necessary data to demonstrate thatthe substance is safe for its intended use. FCN is a formal

acceptance of a material by the FDA, so it is fundamentally

different to self-certification to FDA CFR21.177.2600.

An FCN application requires a detailed analysis of the

compound, its constituents, toxicological effects and intended

uses, and is much more rigorous than the requirements of

CFR21.177.2600. The complexity and high cost of the FCN

process means that only a limited range of very high

performance perfluoroelastomer materials, that are used in

critical and very demanding applications, have FCN acceptance.

PPE offers a number of perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) gradeswhich are FCN accepted, ranging in hardness.

USP Class VI

The United States Pharmacopeia is a US non-government

organisation that promotes public health by establishing state-

of-the-art standards to ensure the quality of medicines and

other health care technologies.

Whilst this organisation is concerned with the pharmaceutical

and bio-technology industries, many manufacturers of hygienic

equipment will be producing multi-purpose designs to be used

in a range of different industry sectors.

Standards are published by the United States Pharmacopeia

in the National Formulary (USP-NF). Compliance to USP Class

VI is often requested by end users. Testing for compliance

involves an assessment of the effects of the material, and

extractables, on tissue.

PPE offers a range of material grades approved to USP 29,

NF24, 2006 for the Biological Test for Plastics,

Class VI including EPDM, Silicone, Fluoroelastomer (FKM) and

Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM).

3-A Sanitary Standards Inc.

Formed by the US food and dairy industry, 3-A SanitaryStandards Inc. defines specifications and best practice for the

design, manufacture, installation and use of hygienic

equipment. As with FDA, the 3-A Standards are adopted on a

worldwide basis.

Standard no. 18-03, 3-A Sanitary Standard for multiple-use

rubber and rubber-like materials used in product contact surfaces

in dairy equipment describes requirements for food quality

materials that must also be suitable for cleaning and sanitising.

To comply with the requirements of the Standard, the elastomer

materials must comply with FDA CFR21.177.2600 and also be

resistant to steam sterilisation, milk fat, acid and alkali cleaningsolutions and chlorine sanitising agents. The PPE elastomers

meeting Classes I, II and III of the 3-A Standard include

Fluorocarbon (FKM), Silicone, EPDM and Nitrile, allowing

manufacturers to select the most appropriate elastomer according

to temperature, chemical and physical performance criteria.

Potable Water Grade Seals

In the UK, FDA-compliant materials approved for drinking water

applications, must also satisfy the requirement of British

Standard BS2494 (type W) for the Water Research Council in the

United Kingdom. The testing regime for WRC approval is

different to FDA testing, in that it requires elastomer products tobe tested to ensure that they do not promote the propagation of

bacteria and do not give any taint to potable water.

KTW (Germany) specifies the requirements of

elastomers in potable water as set out by the

German Technical and Scientific Association

for Gas and Water (DVGW) in the regulation

Arbeitsblatt W270.

In France, the medical control of the water intended for human

consumption is controlled by lAutorite de Controle Sanitaire (ACS).

Drinking water approvals vary from country to country, although

it is common for one country to use a material that has beenapproved under the standard of another country. Our technical

team can advise on which products are suitable for drinking

water applications against a number of national standards.

Request a copy of our Elastomers for the Food, Water and

Dairy Industries or download it from our website.

Explosive Decompression Resistant

Permeation of a gas into an elastomer under high pressure

may not result in any long term effect provided the pressure is

released gradually, allowing the gas to permeate out of the

elastomer. However, if the pressure is released rapidly, the

pressurised gas can expand explosively, rupturing theelastomer in a catastrophic manner. PPE offers a number of

materials which have been formulated to be resistant to

explosive decompression including Aflas, FKM and HNBR

PPE posses one of the most advanced explosive

decompression testing units in Europe. Capable of testing

seals of various geometries up to 10,000 psi, under varying

compression, over any desired cycle/time within a temperature

range from subzero up to +250C. With pressure, temperature

and pressure release cycles simulating actual field operation,

independent testing can be carried out to confirm the

performance of seal types and grades before installation (see

page 8 for more details).

Gas Specification Materials

Materials formulated in accordance with British Standard

BS2494 (type G) are suitable for gas applications in the

United Kingdom. The British Gas Specification BGC/PS/LC6

sets out the physical properties and quality requirements for

seals and gaskets used in gas applications.

PPE offers a range of nitrile (NBR) grades which are

formulated in accordance with this specification.

NES 337 Materials

Defence Standard 02-337 (NES 337) defines O-ring seals

used on UK Ministry of Defence Surface Ships & Submarinesand their associated systems and equipment. Typical system

applications include hydraulics, lubrication systems, fuel

systems and pneumatics. PPE offers a complete range of

nitrile and fluorocarbon elastomer materials to meet the

requirements of this specification.


22/68

ASTM D1418 Standard practice for rubber and rubber lattices nomenclature

* ISO 1629 Rubber and rubber lattices nomenclature

Registered trademark holders:Perlast - Precision Polymer Engineering. Aflas - Asahi Glass. Baypren, Therban, Polysar Butyl, Perbunan, Krynac, Tornac, Polysar EPDM, Siloprene, Vulkollan, Urepan, Desmopan Bayer. Epcar, Estane,Hydrin, Hycar BF Goodrich. Breon, Butaclor BP Chemcials. Carom Chemisches Kombinat. Buna Huls, Buna AP, Buna-N Chemische Werke Huls. Elastothane Compounding Ingredients. Epsyn Copolymer Rubber. Dai-el, Neoflon FEP, Neoflon PFA - Daikin Industries. Noralon Denki Kagugi Chemcial. Pellethane DOW Chemical. Silastic, Silastic LS DOW Corning. Keltan DSM. Neoprene, Hypalon,Teflon FER, Teflon PFA, Nordel, Vamac, Viton, Kalrez Dupont Performance Elastomers. Fluorel, Fluorel II, BRE Dyneon. Cyanacryl, Europrene, Europrene N, Europrene AR Enichem Elastomeri. Esso Butyl

Esso. Exxon Butyl Exxon Chemical. Solprene Fina Chemicals. Silplus, FSE General Electric. Chemigum, Natsyn, Pliolite, Plioflex Goodyear. Chemraz, Fluoraz Greene Tweed. Herclor HerculesChemcial. Denka- JSR. Dutral, Tecnoflon Solvay-Solexis. Noxtite PA Nippon Oil Seal Industry. Butakon Revertex. Rhodorsil Rhone Poulenc. Shell Isoprene Rubber, Cariflex Shell International Chemical.Skyprene Todo Soda. Royalene, Paracil, Adiprene, Vibrathene Uniroyal Inc. Butacril Was Ugine Kuhlmann. Gechron, Nipol, Nipolar, Zetpol Zeon Chemicals.

Elasom

ertradenames

22

Elastomer trade names

ASTM D1418

AbbreviationChemical name Trade names

ACM Polyacrylate (Polyacrylic)Europrene-AR, Krynac, Nipolar, Hycar,

Cyanacryl, Noxtite-PAP

AEM Ethylene Acrylic Vamac W

AQU

EU

Polyester Urethane

Polyether Urethane

Vibrathane, Pellethane, Urepan,

Elastothane, Adiprene, Desmopan,

Vulkollan, EstaneQ

CR ChloropreneNeoprene, Skyprene, Butclor,

Baypren, DenkaC

CSMChlorosulphonylpolyethylene

(Chlorosulphonated polyethylene)Hypalon, Noralon L

ECO Epichlorohydrin Hydrin

, Herclor

, Gechron

H

EPD

EPDM

Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer

Ethylene-Propylene Terpolymer

Buna-AP, Dutral

Epsyn, Nordel, Epcar, Keltan,Royalene, Polysar-EDM

E

FEP

PFA

Fluoroethylene Propylene

Perfluoroalkoxy

Teflon FEP, Neoflon FEP

Teflon PFA, Neoflon PFAD

FEPM See TFE/P Aflas, Dyneon BRE A

FFKM/FFPM* Perfluoroelastomer Perlast, Kalrez, Chemraz G

FKM/FPM* Fluoroelastomer Viton

, Dai-el

, Fluorel

, Tecnoflon

V

FVMQ Fluorosilicone Silastic LS, FSE F

HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile Therban, Tornac, Zetpol Z

IIR Butyl Rubber Exxon Butyl, Polysar Butyl, Esso Butyl J

IR Isoprene Shell Isoprene Rubber R

NR Natural Rubber Natsyn R

SBR Styrene Butadine (Buna-S)Cariflex S, Plioflex, Europrene, Pliolite,

Buna Huls, Carom, SolpreneB

PPE

Prefix

NBR

XNBR

Nitrile Butadine

Carboxylated Nitrile

Breon, Butakon, Chemigum, Hycar

Buna-N, Butacril, Paracil, Perbunan,Krynac, Europrene-N, Nipol

N

TFE/P Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene Aflas, Flourel ll, Fluoraz A

VMQ

PVMQSilicone Silastic, Siloprene, Rhodorsil, Silplus S

The trade names listed above are correct at the time of printing.


23/68

The following chemical compatibility table is available as an

interactive wizard online at www.prepol.com. Simply select

the appropriate chemicals from the list and the wizard will

instantly score the various elastomer types against each

chemical individually and collectively. The wizard then allows a

shortlisting of the chemicals and finally suggests the most

appropriate PPE elastomer grades for the short-listed

chemicals, which can be further sorted and ranked by various

criteria including temperature, hardness, colour, compression

set, etc.

This guide is intended to provide assistance in determining the

suitability of various elastomer types in different chemical

environments. The ratings are based on volume swell data

which has been compiled from published literature, laboratory

tests, actual field experience and informed judgments.

As laboratory tests do not necessarily predict end-use

performance, it is the users responsibility to ensure

suitability in application.

Chemicalcom

patibility

23

Chemical compatability guide

Volume change (swell) is only an indicator of fluidcompatibility and is intended as a typical guideline for comparative purposes. Fluid

attack of the polymer may affect various physical properties, including tensile strength, hardness and elongation. Elevated

temperatures can exacerbate chemical attack on elastomers, therefore in some cases it may be necessary to select special

formulations which offer improved performance. Please contact PPE for technical support and assistance when choosing the right

elastomer for a specific application.

NOTE: The information given in this guide is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate and reliable. For actual applications,

appropriate testing and validation is mandatory. No representation, guarantee of performance or warranties of any kind are made.

Online Interactive Chemical Compatibility Wizard / Material Selector

Rating System

Rating DescriptionVolume

ChangeComments

1 Excellent 40% Not suitable.

No data available Insufficient information available for rating.

Select Technical and Chemical Compatibility from the menu.


24/68

Chemic

alcompatibility

PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S

Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only

PERLAST

FEPM

SBR

CR

FEP&PFA

EPR&EPDM

ECO

IIR(Butyl)

NBR(Nitrile)

ACM

AU

&EU

NR(NaturalRubber)

FKM(

Fluorocarbon)

AEM

HNBR

FVMQ

(Fluorosilicone)

CSM

VMQ

(Silicone)1 = Excellent

2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use

* = Special formulation

Acetaldehyde 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2Acetamide 1 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 4 3 4 2 1 2 1

Acetic acid (dilute) 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 1

Acetic acid (glacial) 1 3 3 4 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 4 2

Acetic acid (hot, high pressure) 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 3

Acetic anhydride 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2

Acetic oxide (Acetic anhydr ide) 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2

Acetone 1 4 3 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4

Acetone cyanohydrin 1 3 2 1 4 1 4 3 4 4

Acetonitrile (Methyl cyanide) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1

Acetophenone 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Acetyl acetone 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Acetyl chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3

Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) 1 1 1 4 2

Acetylene (Ethyne) 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 2

Acetylene tetrabromide 1 1 4 2 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Acrolein (Acrylaldehyde) 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 4

Acrylaldehyde 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 4

Acrylonitrile (Vinyl cyanide) 1 2 3 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4

Adipic acid 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Alkane (Dodecyl benzene) 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 1 2 2 4

Alkane sulfonic acid 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 2

Alkazene (Dibromoethylbenzene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 4

Alkyl aryl sulfonate 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 2

Allyl alcohol 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1

Allyl bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4

Allyl chloride 1 4 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 4

Alum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1

Aluminium acetate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 4 4

Aluminium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

Aluminium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Aluminium fluoride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2

Aluminium hydroxide 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2

Aluminium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 1 1 1 2

Aluminium phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Aluminium potassium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 4 1 1

Aluminium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

Aluminium sodium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Aluminium sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1

Amines 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 2

Aminobenzene (Aniline) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4

Aminobutane (Butyl amine) 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3

Aminosalicylic acid 1 1

Ammonia , anhydrous 1 2 4 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2

Ammonia gas, cold 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 4 1 1

24


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Chemicalcom

patibility



PERLAST

FEPM

SBR

CR

FEP&PFA

EPR&EPDM

ECO

IIR(Butyl)

NBR(Nitrile)

ACM

AU

&EU

NR(NaturalRubber)

FKM(

Fluorocarbon)

AEM

HNBR

FVMQ

(Fluorosilicone)

CSM

VMQ


2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Ammonia gas, hot 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1Ammonium acetate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1

Ammonium bicarbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ammonium bifluoride 1 4 1 2 2 2

Ammonium bisulfite 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 2

Ammonium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ammonium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 4 3 1 2

Ammonium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3

Ammonium cupric sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

Ammonium dichromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1

Ammonium fluoride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1Ammonium fluosilicate 1 1

Ammonium hydrogen fluoride 1 4 1 2 2 2

Ammonium hydroxide, 3 molar 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 1 1

Ammonium hydroxide, conc. 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 1 1

Ammonium iodide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ammonium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 1 3

Ammonium nitrite 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 3 4 1 3 1 2

Ammonium oxalate 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2

Ammonium perchlorate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 1 2

Ammonium persulfate 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 1 1

Ammonium phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1

Ammonium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1

Ammonium sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1

Ammonium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 1 1

Ammonium sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ammonium thiocyanate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ammonium thiosulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Amyl acetate 1 3 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Amyl alcohol (Pentanol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 3 2 1 2 4

Amyl amine 1 2 1 1 2 2 3

Amyl borate 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 1 1

Amyl chloride (Chloropentane) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 1 2 2 4 4

Amyl chloronaphthalene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Amyl naphthalene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4

Amyl nitrate 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 2 1 2

Amyl phenol 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 4

Aniline (Aminobenzene) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4

Aniline dyes 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 2 2 3

Aniline hydrochloride 1 1 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 2 2 4 3

Aniline oil 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4

Aniline sulfate 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 2

Animal oils & fats 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2

Anisole (Methyl phenyl ether ) 1 4 4 1 4 4 3

Anone (Cyclohexanone) 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

25


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Chemic

alcompatibility



PERLAST

FEPM

SBR

CR

FEP&PFA

EPR&EPDM

ECO

IIR(Butyl)

NBR(Nitrile)

ACM

AU

&EU

NR(NaturalRubber)

FKM(

Fluorocarbon)

AEM

HNBR

FVMQ

(Fluorosilicone)

CSM

VMQ


2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Anthraquinone 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1Antifreeze 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1

Antimony pentachloride 1 4 1 4 4 4 4

Antimony trichloride 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2

Aqua regia 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4

Argon 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 2

Aromatic fuels 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4

Arsenic acid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 1

Arsenic trichloride 1 4 1 1 3 4 2 4 4 2 4

Ascorbic acid 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 2

Askarel 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Asphalt 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 4 4

ASTM fluid 101 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4

ASTM fuel A (aliphatic) 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4

ASTM fuel B (30% aromatic) 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 1 3 1 1 4 4

ASTM fuel C (50% aromatic) 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4

ASTM fuel D 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1 2 3 1 2 1 4 4

ASTM oil 1 (high aniline) 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1

ASTM oil 2 (medium aniline) 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4 4

ASTM oil 3 (low aniline) 1 3 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 3

ASTM oil 4 (high aniline) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4

Automatic transmission fluid 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 3 4

Barium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Barium chlorate 1 4 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 2

Barium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Barium cyanide 1 1 1 3 1

Barium hydrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Barium hydroxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1

Barium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2

Barium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Barium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1

Barium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1

Beer 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1

Benzal chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4

Benzaldehyde 2 2 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Benzene (Benzol) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4

Benzene sulfonic acid, 10% 2 4 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 1 4

Benzine (Ligroin) (Nitrobenzine) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 3 4

Benzochloride 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 4

Benzoic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Benzophenone 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 2

Benzoyl chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Benzoyl peroxide 1 1 1

Benzyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4

Benzyl alcohol 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 1

26


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Chemicalcom

patibility



PERLAST

FEPM

SBR

CR

FEP&PFA

EPR&EPDM

ECO

IIR(Butyl)

NBR(Nitrile)

ACM

AU

&EU

NR(NaturalRubber)

FKM(

Fluorocarbon)

AEM

HNBR

FVMQ

(Fluorosilicone)

CSM

VMQ


2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Benzyl benzoate 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Benzyl chloride (Chlorotoluene) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Benzyl dichloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Beryllium chloride 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 3

Beryllium sulfate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 1 2

Biphenyl (Phenylbenzene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Bismuth carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Black sulfate liquors (cold) 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2

Blast furnace gas 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1

Bleach liquor 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 1 3 2 2 1 2

Borax (Sodium borate) 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 2Bordeaux mixture 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1

Boric acid (Boracic acid) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Boron fluids (HEF) 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 2 4 4

Boron trichloride 1 1

Brake fluid (glycol base) 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3

Brake fluid (mineral oil base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 3

Brake fluid (silicone oil base) 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3

Brine (Salt water) 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 4 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1

Bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4

Bromine 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Bromine pentafluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Bromine trifluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Bromobenzene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Bromochloro trifluoroethane 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4

Bromochloromethane 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 4 4

Bromoethane (Ethyl bromide) 1 1 3 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4

Bromotoluene 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 4

Bromotrifluoromethane 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 4

Bunker oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4 2

Butadiene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4

Butane (Butyl hydride) (LPG) 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 1 2 4

Butanediol 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 2

Butanol (Butyl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

Butene (Butylene) 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4

Butoxyethanol (Butyl cellosolve) 1 3 4 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Butter 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2

Butydigol (Butyl carbitol) 1 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4

Butyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Butyl acetyl ricinoleate 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 1 2 2 2

Butyl acrylate 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1

Butyl alcohol (Butanol) 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

Butyl amine (Aminobutane) 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3

Butyl benzoate 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4

Butyl bromide 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 4

27


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Chemic

alcompatibility



PERLAST

FEPM

SBR

CR

FEP&PFA

EPR&EPDM

ECO

IIR(Butyl)

NBR(Nitrile)

ACM

AU

&EU

NR(NaturalRubber)

FKM(

Fluorocarbon)

AEM

HNBR

FVMQ

(Fluorosilicone)

CSM

VMQ


2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Butyl butyrate 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 4Butyl carbitol 1 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4

Butyl cellosolve (Butoxyethanol) 1 3 4 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Butyl chloride (Chlorobutane) 1 4 1 3 3 4 2 3 1 4 2

Butyl ether 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4

Butyl hydride (Butane) 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 1 2 4

Butyl oleate 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3

Butyl phenol 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4

Butyl phthalate (Dibutyl phthalate) 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 3 4

Butyl stearate 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 4 3

Butylene (Butene) 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Butyraldehyde 2 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Butyric acid 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4

Butyric anhydride 1 4 1 3 3 3 2

Butyrone (Dipropyl ketone) 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4

Cadmium chloride 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2

Cadmium nitrate 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2

Cadmium sulfate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 2

Calcine liquors 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1

Calcium acetate 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4

Calcium bisulfate 1 2 1 2 1 1

Calcium bisulfide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 2

Calcium bisulfite 1 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 1 2 1 3

Calcium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Calcium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Calcium chlorate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Calcium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Calcium cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1

elastomer guide chemical compatibility

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