elag 2005, geneva open access : current business models proposed by publishers applied to cern...

ELAG 2005, Geneva

Open Access :

Current business models proposed by publishers applied to CERN environment

Magaly Bascones DominguezAssociated Information OfficerUNHCR –[email protected]

ELAG 2005, Geneva 2

Introduction

• Reality of OA.

• Economic issues for authors and institutions.

ELAG 2005, Geneva 3

OA and CERN The CERN convention adopted in 1953 states: “… the results of its experimental and theoretical work shall be published or otherwise made generally available”.

CERN already makes papers available online for free, copyright permitting. Today only 30% of the present article production is not available as OA on the CERN Document Server (CDS)

An electronic publishing policy for CERNNovember 2003 A policy document was issued in order to reinforce the habit of self archivingCERN signs Berlin DeclarationMay 2004 By signing the declaration the top management of the Organization is actively committed to Open AccessCERN confirms commitment to Open Access March 2005 By approving the policy document Continuing CERN action on Open Access the management opened the door for exploring new publishing models, including the “author pays model”

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Open Access business models

OA Models Main features Examples Description

Free journal

Peer reviewed articles

&

Journal based context

Former JHEPLiving Reviews of Solar Physics

PNAS (back files)CERN CourierDOAJ Journals

No author, reader or subscription fee.

Partially free NatureJournal of Physics A (IOP)

Selected articles are available free within the subscription model.

Per capita country income

AIP, IOP, PNAS Journal made available to country based on per capita income. Mainly

towards emerging countries.

Author/Institution fees

Springer Open ChoiceIOP (New journal of Physics)AIP (Chaos, Rev. Sci. Inst., J.

Math. Phys.)PNASOUPPLoS

Authors pay to publish.

5

Publisher experiment with their own Open-Access business models

Cost Publishers Description

Author-pays

model

Author fee By article

IOP – New journal of physics Author/institution pays fees to be published. (573€ in 2004).

AIP Author Select (Chaos, Rev. Sci. Inst., J. Math. Phys.)

On trial basis in 2005.

Author/institution pays fees to be published (1511€ in 2005).

Hybrid model

Author fee+

subscription

Springer Open Choice The institution/author pays author fees (2393€ in 2004). The institution pays also a subscription fee which decreases with the number of OA articles published.

Author fee+

Membership in tier category.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA Author fee is determined by the paid institutional membership

fee based on license tier category.

Author feeand / or

Membership

PLoS – MedicineBioMed Central Author fee is determined by the institutional membership

category.

Author fee + page charges + [membership or

print subscription]

Oxford University Press (Nucleic Acids Research)

Membership = discount for author feePrint subscription= discount for author fee.

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Publishers Open Access business models : Our exercise

IOP – New journal of physics an Author – Pays Model applied to CERNPublishing in Journal of High Energy Physics.

Springer Open Choice Model a Hybrid Model (Author fee +Subscription) applied to CERN Publishing in Hyperfine Interactions.

PLoS – Medicine a Hybrid Model (Author fee + Membership)BioMed Central a Hybrid Model (Author fee or Membership)

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IOP- New Journal of Physics model = an Author – Pays model

Author/institution fee 573€ per published article in 2004See: http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/-page=extra.9/NJP

applied to

Journal of High Energy Physics

An IOP journal

IF: 6.854Subscription fee 2004: 1025€

Total articles published in JHEP by CERN authors (1999-2003) : 248Total articles published in JHEP (1999-2003) : 3040

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Year Total articles published in JHEP by CERN authors

CERN estimated publication cost

Fee is not shared with co-author institutions

(Author fee per article: 573€)

Fee is shared with co-authorinstitutions


2003 61 34953€ 14058€

2002 50 28650€ 15489€

2001 64 36672€ 16322€

2000 45 25785€ 14692€

1999 28 16044€ 9849€

IOP- NJP model transposed to JHEP

(Subscription fee of JHEP in 2004: 1025€)

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Subscription fee (as defined on Springer website)

“Libraries pay subscriptions for subscription-model content. Once a year (usually mid-year) the prices for the next year’s subscriptions are calculated. At that time, Springer will calculate the number of articles published under the traditional model in the previous 12 months. If that number is less than the twelve month period before that, then subscription prices will decrease accordingly. If it has increased, then prices will increase accordingly. In a nutshell: subscription prices are tied to the amount of traditionally published, subscription-model content, with adjustments being reflected in the next year’s subscription prices.” http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,1-40359-0-0-0,00.html

Author fee per article 2393€ (July 2004 price)

Springer Open Choice model =

Author fee + Subscription fee

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Hyperfine interactions

IF = 5.3332005 subscription fee: 2503€

Total articles published by CERN authors (2000-2003) = 41

Springer Open Choice model applied to Hyperfine Interactions

Usage statistics of Hyperfine Interactions:

FT downloads 2002-2003 = 618

FT corresponding to CERN authors articles = 226

FT corresponding to Non CERN authors articles = 329 FT corresponding to non-identified authors articles = 63


Totalpublished

articles

CERNauthorsarticles

CERN estimatedpublication cost


CERN estimated total cost

2000 255 22 52646€Publication cost

+ subscription fee

~ 2503€

(depending on number of articles published

under the traditional model in the previous

12 months

2001 330 14 33502€

2002 213 0 ----

2003 129 5 11965€

Springer Open Choice model applied to Hyperfine Interactions

(2005 subscription fee of Hyperfine Interactions: 2503€)


Institutional membership levels See http://www.plos.org/support/instmembership.html

Annual membership fees Author fees per article

Non member 0€ 1196€

Active member 1595€ 1077€

Participating member 3989€ 957€

Promoting member 7979€ 838€

Sponsoring member 19948€ 718€

Sustaining member 39896€ 598€

Championing member 79778€ 299€

PLoS model =

Author fee + Institutional membership


BioMed Central = Authors’ fee or Institutional membership

Membership fee

Very small institution (20-500 users) 1601 €

Small institution (501-1500 users) 3203 €

Medium size institution (1501-250users) 4805 €

Large institution (2501-5000 users) 6405 €

Very large institution (5001-10000 users) 8007 €

&

Page charges by article

Between 1220€ (for BCM Journals) and 320€ (independant journal) or

+Publication by 0€ fee in all BMC & independant journals

Possibility to post an independant journal


What do we observe so far?

– A large variety of models proposed but none of them are convincing.

– The costs are very complex to calculate from year to year with many variable parameters, impossible to evaluate a year in advance.

– In general, models proposed so far are more expensive than the current subscription model, at least for intensive writers institutions.


Titles and Impact factor Publishers

Total articles

published in 2003

Articles published by CERN authors in 2003

European physical journal C (6.162) Springer 291 54 18.55%

JHEP (6.854) IOP 809 61 7.54%

Journal of physics G (1.399) IOP 286 17 5.94%

Nuclear physics B (5.409) Elsevier 632 111 17.57%

Physics letters B (4.298) Elsevier 1097 76 6.93%

Physical review D (4.358) AIP 1975 43 2.18%

Overview of articles published by CERN authors in HEP journals


Current OA models applied to CERN

• Would be favorable to CERN users who would not require individual subscription.

• Would penalize specialized research institutions like CERN with a large article production.

• Would benefit ‘intensive readers’ institutions, like military labs.

• Would benefit small university departments.


Some open questions: Quality of the articlesPractical aspects

The ideal model still remains to be defined

Some key features : Author’s opinions


Key features : Author’s opinions

Positive aspects of OA : Open access already exists (example : arXiv).Open access aims to disseminate information without barriers

Negative aspects of OA : Many of the authors don’t like authors fee model : Not enough money for research projects. This model is not good for a small community of the Particle physics. “Work, write, review and now pay” …too much. Coming back to the past ?… the case of Physical Review.


Key features : Author’s opinions

All agree: Need for peer review to guarantee quality. Authors recognition through publication.

Specific experience of CERN authors with OA publication in IOP-NJP:So far, in most cases CERN authors were invited to publish.


Practical aspects:Copyright…Who retains the Copyright? Author, institution

or publisher?Who pays? Authors, research groups, experiments,

departments or library budget?Internal decisions : budget distribution departments/groups.

Open questions: Quality of science & Practical aspects

Quality : Cost of author fee could discourage publishing?Journals under competitive pressure could undermine quality?


Questions?Thanks!

elag 2005, geneva open access : current business models proposed by publishers applied to cern...

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