HARDANGER BRIDGET E C H N I C A L B RO C H U R E

HARDANGER BRIDGE

graf

isk.

sent

er@

vegv

esen

.no

0094

-07

COSTS

The Hardanger Bridge

Pylons 260 mill kr

Viaducts 50 mill kr

Anchorages 150 mill kr

Cables and hangers 420 mill kr

Steel box girder 450 mill kr

Membrane and asphalt 20 mill kr

Total NOK 1350 mill kr

Approach roads 400 mill kr

Client´s costs 300 mill kr

Total cost NOK 2300 mill kr

CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

•The Hardanger bridge project was approved (by the parliament) in February 2006, and shall be completed in the spring of 2013

•Designandplanningperiod2years(March2006-May2008)

•Constructionoftunnelsandapproachroads,constructionperiodFebruary 2009-December2010,completionspring2013

•Constructionofbridge,about3.5years,commencedaugust2009, completion spring 2013

•Pylonsandanchorages,1.5years

•Cablesandhangers,about1year

•Installationofsteelboxgirderandcompletionwork,about1year

•Steelboxgirderandelementsforcablestobeproducedinworkshops in parallel with towers and anchorages, production time about 2 years

ENGL

ISH

▲

A

Galvanised cable wires

Wrapping of galvanised wire

Wrapping of reinforced tape

▲ A

Section A-A

Galvanised wires

Zinc casting

Cast steel

THE CABLE

UPPER HANGER CLAMP

UPPER SOCKET

LOWER SOCKET

HANGER CABLE Locked coil cable 70 mm Breaking load 4,500 kN

CABLE STRAND19 strands each from 528 galvanised

5.3 mm wires. In all 10,032 wires. Breaking load of the cable 342,000 kN.

▲

B B

Section B-B

▲

600

mm

CABLE AND HANGERS

facts

LOWER HANGER CLAMP

BRIDGE DECK / STEEL BOX GIRDER

14.500 mm

4.500 mm 3.250 mm4.500 mm

0,5 m 0,25 m 0 m

TOWER ADJUSTMENT1 2 3

Pullback cable

Transverse bulkhead every four metres

20 m

STEEL BOX GIRDER

STEEL BOX GIRDER

172 m 1310 m 172 m

CABLE ANCHORAGE

Rail for main-tenance vehicle

Cable wires in strand shoe

ANCHORAGE PLATE

1,8 m

TENSION CABLE

STRAND SHOE 1.5 tonnes

ANCHORAGE BAR

▲A

▲A

SPLAY SADDLE

SPLAY CHAMBER

STRAND SHOE

20,8 m

27,1 m

Section A-A

ANCHORAGE BLOCK

ANCHORAGE UNIT Anchors strand of 528 wires

PEH tube

Injected cement mortar

38 prestressing strands,tension in strand 5,235 kN

CABLE ANCHORAGEFormwork: 3,400 X 2 m2 = 6,800 m2 , walls and roof

Concrete: 2,000 m3 B45 SV-40

Concrete: 4,000 m3 B35 low heat concrete in anchorage block and plate

Reinforcement: 1,000 tonnes

Prestressing steel: 33,600 MNm

Bore hole 200 mm: 4,400 metres

Borehole liner: 5,080 metres

facts

15 m

Statsraad Lehmkuhl

Vallavik Bu

Guide vanes for wind stabilisation

The beam that carries the road consist of a steel box. The total length when all the box sections have been welded together is 1,308 metres. The steel box girder is produced in 15 metre lengths that are joined together into 60 metre sections. There is a transverse bulkhead every four metres.

The sections are transported by boat to the con-struction site. Each section is lifted into position and fastened to the hangers. The middle section is installed first. Assembly then works symmetrically out from the centre. The end section is lifted into position before the last sections are installed.

The air inside the steel box girder is dehumidified and the outside of the box girder, except for the carriageway, is spray-galvanized and painted with three coats of paint.

Vehicle-proof steel parapets are fitted on both sides of the bridge, as well as a intermediate parapet between the roadway and the foot and cycle path.

The steel box girder include rails to carry the exter-nal maintenance vehicle. The external maintenance vehicle is 20,9 metres wide and weighs about 8 tonnes.

Inside the steel box girder a small transport vehicle that can carry two persons is installed.

Before spinning of the cable, the towers are pulled back about 0,5 m at the top. As the steel box girders are fitted, the pullback cable is slackened and the towers go to their natural vertical position.

The bridge is carried by cables and hangers.

The cable consists of galvanised steel wires. It is assembled by pulling each wire on a spinning wheel that is drawn on an aerial cableway. Two or four wires are put in place out on each trip across the strands. The wires are gathered into 19 strands, each consisting of 528 wires. All the strands are then compacted into a circular cross section by use of a hydraulic press.

The hanger clamps are then fitted, and the cable is wrapped with a soft galva-nised wire that protects it and helps it maintain its shape. On the outside of the wrapping wire, a reinforced tape is applied to protect against moisture and rain. Even though the strands of the cable are compressed together, the cable still contains about 20% air. The cables are dehumidified by dry air injection.

Then the hangers, that consist of a cable with a cast steel sockets at each end, are fitted. The hanger cable is anchored into the sockets by a conically shaped zinc block cast around the spread-out cable wires.

PRESTRESSING STRAND 200 mm 38 strands per splay chamber

ANCHORAGE CHAMBER

ANCHORAGE PLATE

The cable anchorage consists of splay chamber and anchorage chamber. On each side of the fjord there are two splay chambers and one anchorage chamber. The suspension cable for the bridge is anchored in the splay chambers. The cable is supported on a splay saddle where it is split into 19 single strands. Each of these strands are fixed to a strand shoe. The strand shoe is installed on two huge bars that are embedded in the concrete foundation of the splay chamber.

The actual cable anchorage inside the splay chamber consists of 76 anchorage units. Each anchorage units consists of one plate, two bars and one strand shoe.

The splay chambers are designed in such a way that only the top of the chamber is visible. At Vallavik the splay chambers will be constructed inside the moun-tain. Here only the front wall will be visible.

The anchorage plates in the splay chamber are con-nected to the concrete slab in the anchorage chamber via 76 prestressing cables. The prestressing cables lie inside plastic tubing that is installed through bore holes in the rock.

The anchorage chamber inside the mountain is 15 metres deep and about 40 metres long. The access to the anchorage chambers goes trough 150 - 200 metres of access tunnels.

CABLE AND HANGERS The cable is spun of galvanised steel wires with a diameter of 5.3 mm. The cable wire has a tensile strength of 1,570 MPa. There are 130 hangers in total. The length varies from 2.04 m to 127.6 m. The five shortest hangers are made as one piece of cast steel. The hanger cables are made from locked coil cable, consisting of seven layers of wires, of which the outer three are Z-shaped wires. Hangers are connected to the cable and to the steel box girder with 160 mm bolts.

•

•

•

BRIDGE TOWERSPylon foundation: 10 x 12(15) m basal area, height 6 m

Wall thickness of tower columns: 600 mm, at cross beams up to 800 mm

Pylon columns: 8.6 x 7.0 m at base, 4.5 x 4.5 m at top

Foundations: 4 foundations, 3,600 m3 concrete, B 35 low heat concrete, 330 tonnes reinforcement

2 Pylons including cross beams and saddle housing: 10,400 m3 concrete, B45 SV-40, reinforcement 2,150 tonnes

4 Concrete foundations for saddles: 112 m3 concrete B55 SV-40

facts

PYLON

Nidaros Cathedral

The statue «Monolitten»

10 m 21,14 m

6 m

+ 9,0 m Vallavik

+ 1,0 m Bu

+ 46,6 m

+ 99,82 m

PYLON COLUMN

CROSS BEAM

SADDLE HOUSING

PYLON SADDLE

SUSPENSION CABLE

200,

5 m

+ 185,0 m

14,5 m

+ 201,5 m

4,5 m

CLIMBING SECTION

CAST STEEL SADDLE

SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF PYLON CONSTRUCTION

CLIMBING SECTION

The bridge pylon consists of two concrete columns joined by three cross beams. Each pylon is sup-ported by two concrete founda-tions. The pylon columns are rectangular. All outside corners are rounded. The pylon columns are constructed in 4-metre climbing sections, 44 sections in each column. The pylons are construc-ted by using climbing formwork.

On top of the tower columns the suspension cables are supported by saddles. They are surrounded by a concrete housing that is designed to protect the cables and saddles.

Inside one of the pylon columns there is a lift, inside the other there are stairs.