ekgpowerpoint-1012ekg02014757-phpapp02
DESCRIPTION
EKGTRANSCRIPT
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Electrocardiograms and You
Basic Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology and Overview of EKG use
and Strip ReadingSPC Hauffe, Ian A.K., EMT-P, LPN
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Willem Einthoven
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Einthoven’s Triangle
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Simply: EKGs measure the direction of
electrical flow through the heart.
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A Little Physiology
• Action Potential– In neurophysiology, the action potential is a self-
regenerating wave of electrochemical activity that allows nerve cells to carry a signal over a distance.
– These which end at muscles cause the muscle to contract in a similar fashion.
• Ions (-) vs Cations (+)– Na+, K+, Ca++– Cl-
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Why a little physiology is good for you.
(7) 5 H’s• HYPOVOLEMIA• HYPOXIA• HYDROGEN IONS• HYPOKALEMIA• HYPERKALEMIA• HYPOGLYCEMIA• HYPOTHERMIA
(6) 5 T’s• TOXINS & TABLETS• TAMPONADE, CARDIAC• TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX• THROMBOSIS, CORONARY• THROMBOSIS, PULMONARY• TRAUMA
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Reading Rhythms 101Rule 1: Live and conscious people
don’t enjoy 200 Joules
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The Leads
• 12 – lead
• 3 or 4 – lead
• Defibrillation Pads
• Emergency Paddles
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12 - lead
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3 or 4 - lead
RA LA
RL LL
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Defiblrillation Pads
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Emergency Paddles
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The Paper
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Anatomy
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The Breakdown5 keys to unlock any rhythm
1. Rate• 60 – 100 bpm
2. Rhythm• Reg. / Reg.
3. PR interval• .12 -.20 sec.• 1:1 ratio
4. QRS Complex• .08 - .10 sec.
5. ST Segment• .12 - .20 sec.• Elev. / Dep.
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4 Origins
1. SA Node – 60-100 bpm
2. Atria– 60-100 bpm
3. AV Junction– 40-60 bpm
4. Ventricles– 20-40 bpm
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Waves and Segments1. Rate
• 60 – 100 bpm2. Rhythm
• Reg. / Reg.3. PR interval
• .12 -.20 sec.• 1:1 ratio
4. QRS Complex• .08 - .10 sec.
5. ST Segment• .12 - .20 sec.• Elev. / Dep.
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Sinus Rhythms (SA Node)
• Normal Sinus Rhythm
• Sinus Bradycardia
• Sinus Tachycardia
• Sinus Arrythmia
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Normal Sinus Rhythm
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Sinus Bradycardia
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Sinus Tachycardia
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Sinus Arrhythmia
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Atrial Rythms
• Atrial Flutter
• Atrial Fibrillation
• Premature Atrial Complex(PACs)
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Atrial Flutter
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Atrial Fibrillation
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Premature Atrial Complex(PAC)
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Junctional Rhythms (AV Junction)
• Junctional Escape Rhythm (Bradycardia)
• Accelerated Junctional Rhythm
• Junctional Tachycardia
• Premature Junctional Complex
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Junctional Escape Rhythm
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Accelerated Junctional Rhythm
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Junctional Tachycardia
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Premature Junctional Complex
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Ventricular Arrhythmias (Ventricle)
• Premature Ventricular Complex (PVCs)
• Ventricular Tachycardia– Monomorphic vs Polymorphic– Torsades de pontes
• Ventricular Fibrillation– Coarse vs Fine
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Premature Ventricular Complex (PVCs)
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Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)
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Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)
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Torsades de Pontes
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Coarse Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)
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Fine Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)
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Other Rhythms• Atrioventricular Blocks
– 1st Degree– 2nd Degree
type 1type 2
– 3rd Degree
• Agonal Rhythm
• Asystole
• Pulseless Electrical Activity
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1st Degree AV Block
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2nd Degree AV Block type 1(Mobitz I / Wenkebock)
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2nd Degree AV Block type 2(Mobitz II / Hay)
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3rd Degree AV Block(AV Dissociation)
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Agonal Rhythm (Near Death or Swirling the Drain)
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Asystole (Death)
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Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)
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Quick Tips
Know your 5 H’s and 5Memorize the 5 keys to breaking down any rhythm.Know your general AnatomyRemember these numbers-
300-150-100-75-60-50But most important:
ABC’s, BLS, Check Your Equipment and Teamwork!!
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Questions?