Eight genes that make us brainiacsGenes and Human

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introduction

Eight genes that make us brainiacs

Brain Structurenucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus

Brain Structure

Nucleus accumbens

The nucleus accumbens has a significant role in the cognitive processing of aversion, motivation, pleasure, reward and reinforcement learning

Caudate

The caudate nucleus constitutes a system that is responsible largely for voluntary movement.[1] Parkinson's disease

The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning.Parkinson's disease

Putamen

Thalamus

Some of its functions are the relaying of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

Brain Structure

To perform a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional reactions

Amygdala

HippocampusIt plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Alzheimer's disease oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy

Brain Structure

The nucleus accumbens has a significant role in the cognitive processing of aversion, motivation, pleasure, reward and reinforcement learning

Nucleus accumbens

Pallidus

The globus pallidus is a major component of the basal ganglia core along with the striatum and its direct target, the substantia nigra.

Brain Structure

Common genetic variants influence brain structure

univariate

Univariate

65%

univariateThe genome-wide significant variants identified

here showed specific effects on single brain structures rather than pleiotropic effects across

multiple structures

Common genetic variants influence brain structure

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Trait Marker Gene Protein functionPutamen rs945270 KTN1 kinectin a receptor that allows vesicle bindi

ng to kinesin and is involved in organelle transport.

Putamen rs62097986

DCC netrin a receptor involved in axon guidance and migration, including in the developing striatum.

Putamen rs6087771

BCL2L1 an anti-apoptotic factor

inhibits programmed cell death of immature neurons throughout the brain

Putamen rs683250 DLG2 postsynaptic density 93 (PSD-93) protein

a membrane-associated guanylate kinase involved in organizing channels in the postsynaptic density

Common genetic variants influence brain structure

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Trait Marker Gene Protein functionHippocampus rs779563

14HRK HRK

proteinActivator of apoptosis Hrk regulates apoptosis through interaction with death-repressor proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L).

Hippocampus rs62097986

MSRB3

MSRB3protein

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine.

Caudate rs1318862

FAT3 cadherin specifically expressed in the nervous system during embryonic development that influences neuronal morphology through cell–cell interactions

ICV rs17689882

CRHR1

tags the chromosome 17q21 inversion

References

natureCommon genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures Nature 520, 224–229 (09 April 2015) doi:10.1038/nature14101 Received 17 April 2014 Accepted 19 November 2014 Published online 21 January 2015

1ScienceEight genes that make us brainiacsBy Elizabeth Pennisi 21 January 2015 1:00 pmScience| DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6373

2MIT Technology ReviewCrowdsourcing Study of 30,000 Images Connects Genes to Brain SizeBy Antonio Regalado on January 21, 2015

3Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus

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郭承玉 5130719039