eia procedure

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT

Ram Kishor Verma

Environmental Management Division

Jindal Steel & Power Barbil disha.



Most of the developmental activities use natural resources as raw

material and waste generated is disposed into different

environment. The signs of damage to environment and on depletion

of the scarce natural resources are evident from the deteriorating

air quality, soil degradation, polluted rivers and streams, etc.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the management

tools for incorporating environmental concerns in development

process and in decision making.

Environmental Impact Assessment



MoEF conducted a comprehensive review of the then EC process

under the Environmental Management Capacity Building Project in

2001

Govindarajan Committee setup by the Central Government for

Reforming Investment Approvals and Implementation Procedures

MoEF studies brought out the need for reforms, which are consistent

with the Govindarajan Committee recommendations.

BACKGROUND FOR RE-ENGINEERING



OBJECTIVES

• To formulate a transparent, decentralized and efficient regulatory

mechanism to:

– Incorporate necessary environmental safeguards at planning

stage

– Involve stakeholders in the public consultation Process – Identify developmental projects based on impact potential

instead of the investment criteria

EIA notification 2006



All new projects/activities listed in Schedule;

Expansion and/or modernization of existing

projects /activities; and

Change in product mix

DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ‘EC’



SEIAA is an independent body

Three (3) Member SEIAA to be notified by MOEF on receiving

nominations from all concerned States and UTs

Chairman and other member shall be experts fulfilling the

eligibility criteria given in Appendix VI.

Chairman shall be an expert in EIA process.

Member Secretary shall be a serving officer of the StateGovernment familiar with environmental laws.

MoEF to notify SEIAAs within 30 days from the date of receipt of

nominations

Time period for Authority defined (3 years)

Decision of the Authority shall be on the basis of consensusNo funding from MoEF

State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)



Screening

Scoping and consideration of alternatives

Baseline data collection

Impact prediction

Assessment of alternatives, delineation of mitigation measures andenvironmental impact statement

Public hearing

Environment Management Plan

Decision making

Monitoring the clearance conditions

The EIA Cycle and Procedures



• Offshore & onshore oil & gas exploration and production

• Nuclear power projects and processing of nuclear fuel• Petroleum refining industry

• Asbestos milling and asbestos based products

• Soda ash industry

• Chemical fertilizers

• Pesticide and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding

formulations) – All units producing technical grade pesicides

• Petrochemical complexes (industries based on processing of

petroleum fractions & natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics

Category ‘A’ [Sole Central List]



• Oil & gas transportation pipeline (crude and refinery/ petrochemical

products), passing through national parks/sanctuaries/coralreefs/ecologically sensitive areas including LNG terminal

• Airports

• All ship breaking yards including ship breaking units

• Asbestos mining

• Primary metallurgical industry

• All molasses based distilleries

• Pulp manufacturing and pulp & paper

• New national highways

Category ‘A’ [Sole Central List]



• Integrated paint industry

• Induction/arc furnaces/cupola furnaces 5TPH or more• Isolated storage & handling hazardous chemicals (as per threshold

planning quantity indicated in column 3 of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC

Rules 1989 amended 2000)

• Aerial ropeways

• Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs)

• Common municipal solid waste management facility (CMSWMF)

• Building and construction projects

• Township and area development projects

• Paper manufacturing (non-pulp manufacturing)• New state highways

Category ‘B’ [Sole State List]



Potential trans - boundary transport of atmospheric pollutants or liquid effluents.

Potential impacts to wetlands of international importance as per theRamsar convention and those that attract migratory birds

The use or production of hazardous or toxic materials

Potential impacts on primitive and rare cultivated plants, land, ethnicminorities, archaeological places

Impacts on identified rare and endangered species

Emissions of nuclear radiation on-site and off-site and potential for nuclear accidents

Global Environmental Issues



• Stage I: Screening

Screening refers scrutiny of category ‘B’ projects seeking prior environmental clearance made in Form-1 by the concerned

State Level Expert Appraisal Committee for determining whether

or not the project requires further environmental studies for

preparation of EIA for its appraisal depending upon the nature

and location specificity of the project.

• Stage II: Scoping

Scoping refers to the process by which the EAC in the case of

Category ‘A’ projects or activities, and SEAC in the case of

Category ‘B1’ projects or activities determine detailed andcomprehensive TORs addressing all the relevant environmental

concerns for the preparation of EIA report.

Stages in Prior Environmental Clearance Process



• Stage III:Public Consultation

Public Consultation refers to the process by which the

concerns of local affected persons and others who have

plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project

or activity are ascertained.

• Stage IV: Appraisal

Appraisal means the detailed scrutiny by the Expert

Appraisal Committee or State Level Expert Appraisal

Committee of the application and other documents

submitted by the applicant for grant of environmentalclearance.

Stages in Prior Environmental Clearance Process



No screening required for Category A projects

Category B projects will be further screened at the state level for categorization into either B1 or B2. Specific guidelines to be evolved by

MoEF

Screening

Category B

Category B1

Category B2

EIA, Public hearing

No EIA & PH

Apply in Form-I for screening



• Scoping required for category A and Category B1 Projects, upon

finalization of site – To complete in 60 days

Scoping

Application in Form 1, Pre-feasibility report and

Draft ToR by PP

EAC/SEAC to determine ToR for EIA Preparation

Intimation of Final ToR to Project Proponent and

display in website



Air

• Changes in ambient levels and ground level concentrations

due to total emissions from point, line and area sources• Effects on soils, materials, vegetation, and human health

Noise

• Changes in ambient levels due to noise generated fromequipment and movement of vehicles

• Effect on fauna and human health

Water • Availability to competing users

• Changes in quality

• Sediment transport

• Ingress of saline water

Impact Prediction



Land

• Changes in land use and drainage pattern

• Changes in land quality including effects of waste disposal• Changes in shoreline/riverbank and their stability

Biological

• Deforestation/tree-cutting and shrinkage of animal habitat.

• Impact on fauna and flora (including aquatic species if any) due tocontaminants/pollutants

• Impact on rare and endangered species, endemic species, andmigratory path/route of animals.

• Impact on breeding and nesting grounds

Socio-Economic• Impact on the local community including demographic changes.

• Impact on economic status

• Impact on human health.

• Impact of increased traffic

Impact Prediction



Identification of possible alternatives to cover both location and

process technology based on environmental option for optimum

economic benefits to the community

A mitigation plan should be drawn up for the selected option and is

supplemented with an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to

guide the proponent towards environmental improvements.

An EIA report should provide clear information to the decision-maker

on the different environmental scenarios without the project, with the

project and with project alternatives.

Uncertainties should be clearly reflected in the EIA report.

Assessment of alternatives



• Exceptions to certain projects to be completed in 45 days

• DM to preside over the PH process

• Alternate Public Authority / Agency to be engaged by MoEF in case

SPCB fails to comply with time limit incorporation of public concerns

in EIA report

• Videography of proceedings must and to be enclosed with application

• Preparation of PH proceedings and signature by DM/ADM on the

same day

• Display of PH Proceedings in web site and other Govt. offices

• PH is not a decision stage - it is only to ascertain the concerns of

local affected persons and from plausible stakeholders

Public Hearing



• Decision making process involve consultation between the project

proponent (assisted by a consultant) and the impact assessment

authority (assisted by an expert group if necessary)

• The decision on environmental clearance is arrived at through a

number of steps including evaluation of EIA and EMP.

Decision Making



Monitoring should be done during both construction and operation phases of aproject. This is not only to ensure that the commitments made are compliedwith but also to observe whether the predictions made in the EIA reports were

correct or not.

Where the impacts exceed the predicted levels, corrective action should betaken.

Monitoring will enable the regulatory agency to review the validity of predictionsand the conditions of implementation of the Environmental Management Plan

(EMP).

Monitoring objectives

Stipulated conditions

Implementation of EMP

Priority should be given to specific condition(s) related to the project

Issues raised in the Public Hearing

Monitoring the Clearance Conditions



POST PROJECT MONITORING

• Project Proponent to submit Half yearly compliance report tostipulated conditions in hard and Soft copy (Submit by 1st June

and 1st December)

• Compliance reports are public documents and displayed in the

MoEF/ SEIAA web-sites.

• Post project monitoring in respect of Category ‘A’ and ‘B1’ projects

to be carried out by MoEF’s Regional Offices.

Monitoring the Clearance Conditions



As far as possible prime agricultural land/forest land may not beconverted into an industrial site

Land acquired should be minimum but sufficient to provide for agreen belt wherein the treated wastewater, if possible/suitable, couldbe utilised from wastewater treatment systems

Enough space may be provided for storing solid wastes. The space

and the waste can be made available for possible reuse in future

Layout and form of the project must conform to the landscape of thearea without unduly affecting the scenic features of that place

Associated township of the project if any to be created must provide

for space for phyto- graphic barrier between the project and thetownship and should take into account predominant wind direction.

The siting criteria delineated by MoEF include



Coastal Areas: at least 1/2 km from the high tide line (within 0.5 kmof High Tide Line (HTL), specified activities as per CRZ notification,1991 are permitted)(The HTL is to be delineated by the authorisedagency only.)

Estuaries: At least 200 metres from the estuary boundaries

Flood Plains of the Riverine systems: at least 500 metres fromflood plain or modified flood plain or by flood control systems

Transport/Communication System: at least 500 metres fromhighway and railway

Major Settlements (3,00,000 population) at least 25 km from theprojected growth boundary of the settlement

Distances to maintain



• Religious and historic places

• Archaeological monuments/sites

• Scenic areas

• Hill resorts/mountains/ hills

• Beach resorts

• Health resorts

• Coastal areas rich in corals, mangroves, breeding grounds

• Estuaries rich in mangroves, breeding ground of specific species

• Gulf areas

• Biosphere reserves

• National park and wildlife sanctuaries

• Natural lakes, swamps Seismic zones tribal Settlements

Ecologically Sensitive Area



• Areas of scientific and geological interests

• Defense installations, specially those of security importance and

sensitive to pollution

• Border areas (international)

• Airport

• Tiger reserves/elephant reserve/turtle nestling grounds

• Habitat for migratory birds

• Lakes, reservoirs, dams

• Streams/rivers/estuary/seas

• Railway lines

• Highways

• Urban agglomeration

Ecologically Sensitive Area

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