egypt: gods and goddesses

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Egypt: gods and goddesses By Max Scheu, Eric Zhang, and Mike Holmes

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Egypt: gods and goddesses. By Max Scheu, Eric Zhang, and Mike H olmes. Creation. In the beginning, there was only chaos. This chaos was named Apophis, he was a giant snake god. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Egypt: gods and goddesses

By Max Scheu, Eric Zhang, and Mike Holmes

Page 2: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Creation• In the beginning, there was only chaos. This chaos was

named Apophis, he was a giant snake god.• Then there was a light a and this light was Re, he fought back

Apophis and settled Egypt; and so the sun and Egypt were born.

• Re then created the god of air-Shu, the god of the earth-Geb and his wife Nut-goddess of the sky, he also sculpted humans and placed them in the Nile valley so they cold worship him.

• Re was warned that one day a child of Nut and Geb would over throw him( he was Egypt’s first pharaoh), so he forbid them from having children on any day of the year.

Page 3: Egypt: gods and goddesses

creation• So nut went to the moon god, Khonosu she gambled with him

and each time she won he gave her a little moon light she did this till she had enough to make 5 more days. Making the year 365 days long.

• On these five days she gave birth to Isis, Osiris, Set, Horus, and Nephthys.

Page 4: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Son in law of Akhenaton Died and was mummified at 19 Had birth defects such as malaria and a bone

disorder from incest

King Tutankhamen

Page 5: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Took 70 days Is the preservation of dead bodies by

embalming them and wrapping them in cloth Was discovered because of King Tut Started out with nobles and pharaohs and

then was used by ordinary Egyptians

Mummification

Page 6: Egypt: gods and goddesses

MOST PEOPLE WERE FARMERS

• Most Egyptians were peasant famers• Their main crops were emmer wheat and barley• Women also helped with farming along with their husbands working for soil and repairing the dikes• During the off- season they were expected to serve the pharaoh• Cattle were raised for their milk and for their fattening and then slaughtered for

food, and they are also used for leather. Leather can be used in products from sandals to military shields.

• The Nile flooded every year that made the land fertile. The farmers divided the seasons into 3 rather than 4 according to the behavior of the Nile.

• The flood lasted from around June through September • The water then drained out from October until February• From then onto June it is “drought season”

http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/ED/TRC/EGYPT/farming.htmlDailey Life in Ancient Egypt- Chapter 5 “On the Farm”

Page 7: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Egyptian Women •Women could inherit property, they could enter businesses, buy and sell goods, and they could also go to court. •They had a greater independence•Most women were not able to learn to read and write and even if they could they were not able to become scribes. •Egyptian society was highly structured: a woman’s social position was largely defined by the status of her father and husband. According to ‘maat’ the Egyptian view of the order of the universe, it was definitely a man’s world.

Page 8: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Keeping Written Records • What is a written record? A written record is a set of signs used to

represent units in a systematic way. Scribes often used hieroglyphics.

• They wrote on papyrus or carved it into stone.

Hieroglyphics-was the Hieratic- simpler script Demotic- another si-1st writing system for everyday script for everyday use

Page 9: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Rosetta Stone• Dates back to 196 B.C.• A flat, black stone that has the same passage in

hieroglyphics, demonic script, and Greek.• The meanings of Egyptian hieroglyphics was lost until

the 1800s when Jean Chamollion began to decipher it.• The name Ptolemy was found in all three texts, thus the

first hieroglyphics were discovered• Stone was first used to uncover mysterious writings on

Egyptian monuments.• The Egyptian language was meant to be difficult to

understand so the scribes could keep their jobs and others could not master the language.

Page 10: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Science and Mathematics• Egyptian physicians believed in various kinds of magic.• Doctors performed complex operations and prescribed plants and medicine • Egyptians developed a calendar that included 12 months and 30 days• Geometry was developed to survey the land and calculate the size of blocks to use

for building pyramids• Mathematics was developed to face important problems in ancient Egyptian lifestyle • Ancient Egyptians had a vast number system based on 10• 10 – heel• 100 – crook• 1,000 – flower• 10,000 - finger• 100,000 – tadpole• The standard measurement used in ancient Egypt was a cubit (approximately 21

inches)

Page 11: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Egyptian Art

Statues, wall painting and tombs, and carvings on temples. Paintings and sculpture styles

stayed the same for a thousand years. Statues often showed people in stiff poses. Some

human figures have animal heads that represent special qualties.

Some show everyday scenes of trade, farming, family life, for religious ceremonies. Others boast of victories in battle. Artists always presented gods and pharoahs as much larger than other figures.

Page 12: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Egyptian Literature By: Daniel Helmling and Toby Shaw

Page 13: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Ancient Egyptian Literature

• Some of the oldest Egyptian literature includes: Hymns, prayers to gods, proverbs and love poems.

• They also recorded battles and through their victories they thought and recorded themselves as superior.

• They only seem to educate the high up in society, Artisans and Scribes. All Egyptian people learned the importance of table manners even the women who weren’t educated.

• The three types of Egyptian writing are Hieratic, Hieroglyphic, Demotic.

• Archeologist have found religious text in pyramids near the pharaohs tomb.

Page 14: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Akhenaton

• Ordered priests to worship Aton (sun God)• Tried to make religion monotheistic • Ideas had little success• Ordered workers to remove the names of

other gods from their temples • Nobles deserted him because he neglected his

duty of defending the empire

Page 15: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Osiris • According to mythology, Osiris ruled Egypt until his

jealous brother named Set kill him, cut him up into pieces and scattered him all over Egypt.

• Osiris’s wife Isis saved him by reassembling his body which saved his life.

• Now Osiris could no longer rule the living and became god of the dead and judge of the souls seeking admission to the after life.

• In addition to ruling the underworld he also was the god of the Nile. His role was to control the annual flood which made the land fertile.

• He is appeared to be a green skinned man who dress like a pharaoh.

Page 16: Egypt: gods and goddesses

Proving yourself to Osiris

• The Egyptians believed that each soul had to pass judgment to win eternal life after death.

• First the dead would be ferried across a lake of fir to the hall of Osiris. • Second the dead persons heard would be weighed against the feather of

truth to determine whether he was a good person or not. • Those that were judged as a sinner would be fed to the crocodile-shaped

Eater of the Dead.• The good souls would live in a happy field of food forever in bliss. To

survive this dangerous journey the Egyptians relied on the Book of the Dead which contained spells, charms, and formulas for the dead to use in the afterlife.