egypt country report
DESCRIPTION
Egypt Country Report By Dr. Abeer El Halwagi, Second Regular Meeting of the Coordinating Board (CB) of NEAR EAST and North Africa Plant Genetic Resources (NENAPGRN)TRANSCRIPT
The current status of Plant GeneticThe current status of Plant Genetic Resources in Egypt
Dr. Abeer ElhalwagiNational Genebank and Genetic
Resources (NGB), Egypt
Email: [email protected]
IntroductionIntroduction
•• Location of EgyptLocation of EgyptLocation of EgyptLocation of Egypt Northeastern Corner of AfricaNortheastern Corner of Africa
Western Extension of Asia (The Sinai Peninsula)Western Extension of Asia (The Sinai Peninsula)
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( )( )
Borders Libya to the WestBorders Libya to the West , Sudan to the , Sudan to the South South
Introduction
1. Egypt’s total area is about 1,002,000 sq. km., of which, only 4 % of the total area is populated;
2. Many regions are rich in wild plants and landraces, where 2094 plant species are identified of which 61 are endemic and 4 are endangered;g ;
3. Currently, the Egyptian agriculture is facing many challenges: Limited cultivated area and water supply; Desertification deforestation erosion climate changes and overuse of Desertification, deforestation, erosion, climate changes and overuse of
pesticides and other agrochemicals; New uniform crop varieties have replaced many of local varieties and
landraces leading to great losses of useful genes resistant to many biotic
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g g g yand abiotic stresses.
Management of PGR in Egypt
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I Sit C ti f PGRIn‐Situ Conservation of PGR
1. Conservation in natural protectorates managed by the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs accordingMinistry of State for Environmental Affairs according to the law No. 102 of 1983;
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2 In 2012 the number of2. In 2012, the number of natural protectorates reached 30, of which 14 protectorates includeprotectorates include PGR.
3 Th t t l f ll3. The total area of all natural protectorates represent about 15% of
’ lEgypt’s total area.
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Ex‐Situ Conservation of PGR
1. National Gene Bank (NGB).
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NGB Objectives Plan and conduct exploration missions to survey the genetic resources in
their native habitat;
Collection, Conservation, Identification, Characterization and Evaluation of Collection, Conservation, Identification, Characterization and Evaluation of
National Collections of Plant, Animal and Agricultural Microorganism
Genetic Resources;
Strengthen the international cooperation in the field of GR;
Facilitate the exchange of GR and related information under a Material
Transfer Agreement in compliance with the IT‐PGRFA;g p ;
Document all the information generated for each accession on the NGBGR
database;
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Enhance public awareness on the importance of maintaining genetic
resources and promoting in situ and on‐farm conservation.
NGB Departmentsp
• Field Crops;
• Horticultural Crops;
• Animal Genetic Resources;
• Agricultural‐related micro‐organisms.
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NGB sections• Genetic resources conservation section;
• Seed viability testing and regeneration section;y g g ;
• Genetic resources evaluation section;
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Genebank Data information System in EgyptGenebank Data information System in Egypt
• Documentation and information section;
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NGB labs
WheatWheat
A7A3A2 A6A4 A5A1
Cytogenetics lab
B3 B6B2 B5B4 B7B1
sat sat 2
Cytogenetics lab11
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A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
ChemicalChemical Analysis Lab
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Tissue culture lab
Isolation of the shoot meristemmeristem
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Different encapsulated meristems
Cryopreservation device
Cryovial
15Liquid nitrogen tank
Molecular genetics lab
ISSR SSR AFLP
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Microbiology Lab
NGB f ilitiNGB facilities
FarmFarmGreen Houses
18Botanical Garden
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pomegranate local variety frompomegranate local variety from South Sinai
20Collection Missions
Current ProjectsProject Title Source of Fund DurationProject Title Source of Fund DurationOn‐farm conservation and in vitro preservation of Citrus local varieties and sustainable utilization in Egypt.
International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT‐PGRFA)
2009 ‐ 2011
National faba bean Rhizobium Germplasm collection, genotyping and its potential use as inoculants.
Science and TechnologyDevelopment fund (STDF)
2010 – 2012
Characterization, preservation and studying the phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of pomegranate germplasm.
Science and TechnologyDevelopment fund (STDF)
2010 – 2012
Sustainable utilization of agriculture biodiversity to develop the local communities in the western desert.
Agricultural Research and Development Fund (ARDF)
2010 – 2013
Conservation and Utilization of Egyptian Wild Flora to li i l
Science and Technology l f d ( )
2012 ‐ 2015
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Improve Salinity Tolerance in Cereals
Development fund (STDF)
Sustainable utilization of Agriculture biodiversity to develop the local communities in the western desert
Native animal genetic resources
MaterialsMaterials
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)byproducts
(date palm, olive and others)
Area: 43.6% of Egypt 64% of western desert
Sand dunes: 20‐100m/yearSand dunes: 20‐100m/yearRainfall: 0% Water: 1265 million m2/ yearPopulation: 180,000
SiwaEl FarafraEl DakhlaEl Kharga
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Academic Research Title Researcher Degree g
Improvement of Some Traits of Rhizobia Specific to Peanut (Arachis hypogaea).
Fayrouz Hassan Abd El‐Mageed
M.Sc.2011
O id ti li di i ti f th l t M h d S M M SOxidative coupling dimerization of methyl p‐coumarate, methyl caffeate and methyl ferulate by using crude peroxidase from onion solid waste as a tool for organic synthesis.
Mohamed Samy Mansour M.Sc.2012
Determining Some Genetic Loci of Productive Traits in Some Mohammed Ahmed El‐ Ph.D.Indigenous Chicken Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers. Sayed 2012
Genotyping characterization of Rhizobia that nodulatesoybean in Egypt.
Sameh Heikal Mohamed Ph.D.2012
Characterization and evaluation of some wheat genotypes under different environmental conditions.
Soliman Abd El‐Maaboud Ph.D. 2012
Characterization and evaluation of some wheat genotypes under drought stress
Mohamed Helmy El‐ Shal Ph.D. 2012
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under drought stress. 2012
Other Organizations involved directly in plant genetic i i i i iresources ex‐situ conservation activities:
• Agriculture Research Center Research Institutions;
• Desert Research Center (DRC);
• National Research Center (NRC);
• Faculties of agriculture (17) and science (15) of different Egyptian universities.
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2. Botanical Gardens
No.Name of
Botanical Garden
Present Area
Dateof Establishment
No. ofSpeciesBotanical Garden
(Feddan)*of Establishment Species
1 Alex. Univ. Fac. of Sci. 2 1942 500
2 Aswan Garden 17 1928 3712 Aswan Garden 17 1928 371
3 El Saff Botanic Garden 17 1893 ‐
4 Orman Botanic Garden, Giza 28 1873 114
5 Q bb P l C i5 Qubba Palace, Cairo 124 1960 350
6 Sabahia Horticultural Research Station‐ 1958 ‐
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* Feddan = 4200 m2
Legislative Frame Work: LawsLegislative Frame Work: Laws
Law No. 53 of 1966;
Law No. 102 of 1983;
Law No. 82 of 2002;
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Legislative Frame Work (Ministerial Decrees)Legislative Frame Work (Ministerial Decrees)
Ministerial Decree No. 1920 of 2003;
Ministerial Decree No. 335 of 2005;
Ministerial Decree No. 862 of 2005;
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