egbert de smet stim4 the isis-software environment
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The ISIS-softwareenvironment
an introduction
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Automation of documentary
information D.I. = info kept in documents with a mainly
textual contents component variant : documents can also representreal
documents : e.g. bibliographic records, withor without abstracts
automation criteria : professional standards flexibility in structure words-recognition powerful formatting functions
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Automation of documentary
information Professional standards :
ISO-2709 file format
MARC (subfields, repeatable fields) XML (!!) -> gaining importance
variable length and structure records
e.g. cfr. XML : capable of dealing withsemi-structured text-entities (documentelements are optional, repeatable,extensible, defineable)
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Automation of documentary
information Typical software characteristics :
word recognition (field)
flexible structures Inverted File (addressbook of all words) support
additional features : stopwords, equivalency lists,thesaurus (knowledge systems), strong
formatting, web-capabilities etc. library systems = integratedsystems for
catalogues and administrative data (e.g. loans)
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The ISIS-environment Why ISIS ?
professional, academic concept by UNESCO
(UNISIST, CCF, MARC) educational qualities
multi-platform (DOS, Windows, Unix,WWW, JAVA)
non-commercial software (free)
world-wide users community (especiallyLatin-America, Eastern Europe, Asia)
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ISIS-history (1) I.L.O. 70s: merging of C.D.S and I.S.I.S. UNESCO :
1985 : produces PC-version Micro CDS/ISIS forDOS (as a series of separate softwares)
version 2.0 (1988) : added ISIS/Pascal 1990s : version 2.3 (integrated menu system) 1992 : v.3.0 (networking, multi-user), new : Unix-
version 1998 : Winisis (graphical interface, hyperlinks) 2001-2004 : current version 1.5 (a.o. XML,
wizards)
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ISIS-history (2) BIREME (Sao Paulo, Brazil) :
1995 : CISIS, a set of command-line utilities forISIS-database management
1997 : ISIS-DLL, a programming library forgraphical operating systems
1998 : WWWISIS : a server for CGI-webapplications
2000 : WXIS = WWWISIS version 4.0
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ISIS-history (3) Italy + UNESCO : JAVAISIS
JAVA : platform-independent programming
language (RTE : free) JAVAISIS allows to access (remote) ISIS-
databases (based on BIREME WWWISIS-server)
interface : copies WinISIS looks-n-feel now : searching + basic data-entry
functions are available, but slow
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ISIS-history (4) OPENISIS : re-programming ISIS using the
open source philosophy (OpenISIS Verein,http://www.openisis.org) 2002 : first initiatives
2003 : first results (but reworking needed)
2004 : version 1.0 expected
UNESCO also prepares to release ISIS-software as an open-source software : source code available, non-commercial
best known example : Linux O.S.
co-ordination and tight control still necessary, tomaintain the standards and a certain unity
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ISIS history (5) : WEBLIS Since 2003 : fully integrated, web-based
library system based on ISIS is available from
FAO Based on ISIS.DLL and www-isis.exe as a
dedicated database-server
Functions :
simple, advanced and thesaurus-based searching
Data entry with lists and validation
Loans circulation with advanced features
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The basic concepts (1) ISO-2709 : a format to precisely describe
(bibliographic) records for transport betweensystems the header and directory : fixed-format numerical
description of the record (how long, whichfields/lenghts), start-position of text-content andfield tags
the text-contents concatenated with a separatorcharacter
the records separated by a record-separator
used as exchange format e.g. for all MARC-tapes
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ISO-2709 example record :00846000000000277000450000100310000000400040003102300090003512001140004400-
3000200158005000200160100001100162100001100173109003300184121006700217122001700284123001500301600000500316220013000321200001700451240004200468
250001000510324002800520332001000548343000500558350000500563#ABT ASSOCIATES
INC./AGRICULTUR#AMS#19951205
#Conducting Pan-European research: a preliminary evaluation of a new methodology
for European aquaculture research#B#K#Shaw, S.A.#Bailly, D.#^aUniv. Strathclyde
^bGlasgow^cUK#3. Annu. Conf. of the European Association of Fisheries Economists
#Dublin (Ireland)#10-12 Apr 1991#^aen#Proceedings of the third Annual Conferenceof the European Association of Fisheries Economists, Dublin, Ireland, 10-12 Apr
il 1991#Hillis, J.P.^ed.#^aDublin (Ireland)^bThe Stationery Office#^p163-175#Ir.
Fish. Invest. [B. Mar.]#0578-7467#1994#^i42#~
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MARC-recordsMachine Readable Catalogues (IFLA)
for international standardization of
bibliographic data (-> exchange) based on ISO-2709 file format
field-tags 1-999 (defined by
implementation, e.g. UNIMARC, CCF) variable fields and field lengths
subfields, e.g. ^ade Smet^bEgbert
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Inverted File support the IF contains all searchable elements
(terms) , sorted alphabetically, and theirpositions within the database: which record
which field
which occurrence of that field
which position in that field (word-counting forproximity retrieval)
the IF in fact represents all possible searchesalready done - except for Boolean set-combinations (AND/OR/NOT) - and saved
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ISIS-structures : the MST the database itself is a binary ISO-2709
file with all the records concatenated
no separators, binary header
records can be active or non-active (e.g.changed, logically deleted)
all new records are appendedat the end ofthe file, which always grows (-> needs
compacting)
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ISIS-structures : XRF the Cross-Reference file is a first-phase
normal index(list of pointers, i.e. relative
addresses sequence with fixed records) to therecords in the MST for fast access of records
an XRF-file completes a basic ISIS-database
M+X = ISIS, cfr. CISIS-tool MX (Bireme)
can be reconstructed if absent by special tools(e.g. UNESCO, Bireme)
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ISIS-structures an ISIS-database = at least one
combination of MST + XRF plus IF
all other files are : supporting (e.g. Field Definition Table,
data-entry FMTs, presentation PFTs) or
optional (e.g. stopwords .STW, equivalencylist .ANY) or
derived from MST : the Inverted File-components, defined by FST
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ISIS-structures The Inverted File :
nodes and leaves of a B-Tree organised (forquick positioning in very big files) table, separate
for short and long entries .L01 and .L02
.N01 and .N02
an index on the B-Tree (.CNT)
the postings-file : .IFP, containing allalphabetically sorted entries with their postings(record, field, occurrence, position)
temporary files for sorting (in WORK-directory)
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The FDT Listing of :
data-entry worksheets (FMT)
IF-definitions (FST)
presentation formats (PFT)
the actual fields (tag, name, length, type
and repeatability) mandatory in CDS/ISIS, WinISIS, JAVAISIS
but not in other family members
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The Field Selection Table defines the stringsto be put into the IF
three columns : 1 : identifier (a real or alias tag) 2 : a method : 8 types (per field,
delimiters or /, per word, with orwithout prefixes)
3 : the extraction format, following theISIS-Formatting Language (with allfeatures of it, incl. ISIS/Pascal programs)
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SYSPAR.PARAll settings of the software, some of
them can be set using configuration
Line 5 : data folder -> either thedatabase-files or their referral filesDBN.PAR
In WinISIS : very much used
CISIS : CIPAR.CPR
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The Formatting Language = the real nucleus of the ISIS-software and
its main development tool
defines which stringsare produced as either : database-values (taken from the fields);
can be processed values from the database, e.g.fields combined, computations, even data takenfrom other ISIS-databases by REF-function
or literals : quoted strings, e.g. HTML- or XML-tags
in WinISIS : hyperlinks are added to enrichthe presentation graphically and functionally
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The Formatting Language FL is used in 5 basic ISIS-functions :
normaloutput of the database : display
on screen or printing or dumping in file to define the strings extracted for the IF
to convert values while importingorexportingrecords from/to ISO-2709 using
a reformatting PFT for sorting records
for validation of data entry
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FL basics 3 possible element types :
Vx : values from the fields, can be processed,even by a program (format exit)
Literals : texts to display
Mode commands and links
Literals : 3 types unconditional e.g. ID=v1
|conditional| (with + : not last/first) e.g.|Remarks: |+v500
repeatable e.g. (Author: v300)-> only once
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FL basics Mode commands : p/d/h
P: proofreading
D: data mode (with . and space)
H: heading mode -> end user
l/u : lower/uppercase
{i/b/f/fs } : italics, bold, fonts,fontsize etc.
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FL basics : logical routing IF conditionTHEN statements ELSE
other statementsFInestingpossible
Select Vx
case value : statements
case value : statements
elsecase : statements
Endsel
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FL basics : hyperLINKs LINK((prompt),`COMMAND ,format)
Commands : e.g. OPENFILE, TEXTBOX
E.g. LINK((website),(OPENFILE ),v445)
LINK((abstract),(TEXTBOX ),v600)
Textboxes can also contain images, e.g. link((Show'),'TEXTBOXIMG ',v50)
Can be RCHILD-> closing with record
e.g. TEXTBOXIMGRCHILD ,v50
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To do on FL : hyperlinks (LINK)
REF(L( )) on internal + external
database
textboxes
OPENFILE
etc.
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Assignment 1 : Install WinISIS on your PC
Use the WinISIS-wizard to produce : a FDT for a catalogue database a data-entry worksheet with 1 picklist
one simple IF-FST
at least one standard PFT Enter a few sample bibliographic
records
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Assignment 2 : FL enter records with 1) repeatable fields 2)
subfields 3) date field etc.
Install ASFA-database apply basic FL commands to display, using
WinISIS PFT-editor, e.g. starting fromdecorated PFT :
literals (uncond. ; repeat. ; cond. | |) fs, cl, i, b, box() etc.
modes : mpl, mhl, mdl
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Assignment 3 : elaboration Create 2 new databases :
For users, I.e. names/addresses
For loans transactions
Enter some data in both new databases
Develop PFTs for bibliographic display
with loans info, using REF(L())functions
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Assignment 4 : recapitulation Create new database ABSTRA with only two
fields : v1 (title) and v2 (abstract), indexingon full title and all abstract words
export title- and abstract fields from ASFA-database using export FST import into ABSTRA write ASFA-PFT to display abstract in
separate textbox, using ABSTRA as external
database with REF-function (or writeABSTRA-PFT to display e.g. authors fromASFA-database)
use ABSTRA-database to test searchtechniques
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Sources for self-study on ISIS WinISIS Handbook Hopkinson&Buxton
Novice.htm (E. de Smet, intro)
WinISIS.DOC : official manual
WinISIS1_4.PDF : Guidebook ISIS/DOSusers (by Int. Trade Centre)
Training suite PPT slides