EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Modal Auxiliaries– Meaning

• Probability

• Necessity

• Advisability

• Ability

– Time• Present/future structure

• Past structure

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Voice– Active voice– Passive voice

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Gerunds and infinitives– As subject

• use both

– As object• use verb lists

– After preposition• use gerund

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Past gerunds and infinitives– As subject– As object – After preposition

• Passive gerunds and infinitives– As subject– As object – After preposition

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Noun clauses– using “question words”

• As subject

• As object

• After preposition

– using “if” or “whether”• As subject

• As object

• After preposition

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Noun Clauses– using “that”

• As subject

• As object

• (After preposition)

• Subjunctive noun clauses– using “that”

• only after urgency verbs

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Parallel structure– parallels in subject– parallels in predicates– parallels in objects– parallels in preposition phrases– parallels in comparisons– parallels with correlatives

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Adverb clauses– of time– of cause and effect– of opposition– of condition

• omitting “if”

• sentences with “wish”

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Reduction of adverb clauses– of time– of cause and effect

• Participles– Present participle or past participle

• before noun

• after noun

• in participial phrase

EFL 084 Grammar 4

• Prepositions– with stative passive verbs– with adjectives and other verbs

• Review for the Final Exam