EFFICIENCY WITHOUT DESTRUCTION

INTRODUCTIONA Ceramic adiabatic engine has been devaloped by the engineers by their hard work and intelligence which gives a efficiency of 68%,and included in it is system od EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation).This has done a tremendous job of satisfying our energy needs but at the same time has raised the question on our enviornment.The engineers have done a significant job on controlling carbondioxide as a exhaust gas ,but other than that a diesel adiabatic engine produces significant amount of carbon monooxide,methane oxides of nitrogen which are equally harmfull and are greenhouse gases.WHY CERAMICS HAS BEEN USED IN BUILDING THE ENGINE?1. By creating air gaps and a combustion chamberusing ceramic components, we developed an Adiabatic Engine that substantially reduces heat rejection from the combustion chamber.Due to a reduction in the heat loss ratio of the calorific value of the fuel to 5%, the exhaust gas energy increases to 48%.In order to efficiently use up the energy that remains in the exhaust gas after the heat exchanger of the steam supply system, we investigated reforming the natural gas fuel and CO2, and converting them into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, therefore absorbing the remaining thermal energy. This increases the calorific value by about 30% and enables the thermal efficiency of the engine to increase to 68%.So ,it is clear that they have very interestingly used carbon dioxide to produce energy from it ,but in the process increased production of carbonmonoxide AIMTo reduce the effect of carbon monooxide using ceramic adsorbent materials to maintain the adiabatic nature of the system.WHAT IS ADSORPTION?Adsorption is a surface phenomenon,this depends on the surface energy, and also depends on the avaiability of free binding sites.In maximum compounds we find that there all valancies are satisfied but in case of the the adsorbent materials we found sometimes it is not fulfilled as they are not bonded to the other molecules.There are 2 types of adsorption :1)Physisorption2)ChemsorptionAccording to Irving Langmuir1)All of the adsorption sites are equivalent and each of them can only accomodate one molecule.2)The surface is energetically homogeneous and adsorbed molecules do not interact with each other.3)There are no phase transitions.4)At the maximum adsorption monolayer is formed and it is a localised surface phenomenon.Though this idea of monolayer have been countered in many situtaions which gave rise to BET and Kisluik both of them gives an idea abou the multilayer adsorption . CARBON-MONOXIDE Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond that consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon, and isoelectronic with the cyanide ion and molecular nitrogen. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl.Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to humans and animals when encountered in higher concentrations.EFEECT OF CARBON-MONOXIDE ON THE LIFEFORMSIn closed environments, the concentration of carbon monoxide can easily rise to lethal levels. On average, 170 people in the United States die every year from carbon monoxide produced by non-automotive consumer products. However, according to the Florida Department of Health, "every year more than 500 Americans die from accidental exposure to carbon monoxide and thousands more across the U.S. require emergency medical care for non-fatal carbon monoxide poisoning" These products include malfunctioning fuel-burning appliances such as furnaces, ranges, water heaters, and gas and kerosene room heaters; engine-powered equipment such as portable generators; fireplaces; and charcoal that is burned in homes and other enclosed areas. The American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) reported 15,769 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning resulting in 39 deaths in 2007. In 2005, the CPSC reported 94 generator-related carbon monoxide poisoning deaths. Forty-seven of these deaths were known to have occurred during power outages due to severe weather, including Hurricane Katrina. Still others die from carbon monoxide produced by non-consumer products, such as cars left running in attached garages. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that several thousand people go to hospital emergency rooms every year to be treated for carbon monoxide poisoning.ADSORPTION OF CARBON-MONOXIDECarbon monoxide is adsorbed in cuprous compounds wit support of high surface area ,but that doesnot fulfill our needs of devicing an ceramic adsorbent.So ,other scientist has given the data that 5.5 m mol of Cu (1)supported on zeolite can adsorb 60 ml of carbon monoxide at room tempareture.The adsorption material exhibiting a superior adsorption capability relative to nitrogen oxides (NO) is constituted by a ceramic of oxide system having an average crystal diameter D, D < 500 such as CeO. A catalyst is, for example, constituted by CeO and zeolite and C content of CeO is set to satisfy 10 weight % C 80 weight %. Zeolite adsorbs hydrocarbon (HC), and HC so adsorbed is oxidized to activated CHO by CeO. Activated CHO reduces NO adsorbed to CeO.Though adsorption of nitrogen oxides are include under this heading but the point still remains the same can this be incorporated with in the engine and still maintai it's adiabatic nature? CONCLUSIONThis will be a pathdefinning work if it can be performed in the expected manner ,then we can strike the perfect chord between technology and enviornment.