efficientwateruse egypt

8/9/2019 EfficientWaterUse Egypt

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Towards an Efficient Water Management for a Sustainable

Development of Water Resources in

Egypt

Arab Republic of Egypt (ARE)

Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI)

Integrated Irrigation Improvement & Management:

Procurement Specialist, PMU!!!MPMWR!

P"#D# $andidate, $ivil Engineering, !rrigation % &ydraulics

Eng. Y!RY "#A$A%Y

ser'roducer onferenceWater Accounting for Integrated Water Resource

ManagementMay ** + *,- */ (0oorburg- t1e 2et1erlands)



Main Pillars andMain Pillars and DerivingDeriving

forces!forces!

Why IWRM?! Why IWRM?!

Sectorscompetition;

Increasing Sectors Demand(Irrigation, Drining, Indstry, "etc#$

%ood secrity;

Rral Poor need to &ithstand the

limited food availa'ility &hich ismainly a &ater dependent isse

Polltion emission#

)ver*increasing &ater andenvironment polltants destroythe main elements in the food*chain

+ost of ne& ac of availa'le -nancialresorces re.ired for ne&

Poplationgro&th;

)ver*increasing Poplation edto Increasing Pressre on Waterand Resorces

Water Scarcity;

imited +onventional Resorces

and /on*conventional 0nes, &hileincreasing Demand



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P o p u la ti o n G r o w th (1 8 9 7 -2 0 5 0 ) P e r -C a p i ta W a te r l l o ! a t i o n

E'(PT) Population 'rowt" % Per$apita Water *llocation

+-. /010

P o p u l a t i o n ' r o w t " 2 M i l l i o n 3

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P o p u la ti o n G r o w th (1 8 9 7 -2 0 5 0 ) P e r -C a p i ta W a te r l l o ! a t i o n

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P o p u l a t i o n ' r o w t " 2 M i l l i o n 3

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$urrent and 6uture Water Resources *vailability

*griculture 27#183 Din9ing 2:83 !ndustry 2-#1833emand4

Resources4

u r r e n

t

( 5

M )

$ u t u r e

* . 6 7

Rains and 6loods

1.0–

1.5

'W'W

2;alley%Delta32;alley%Delta3

6.5–8.0

'W'W

2Deserts%Sinai32Deserts%Sinai3

1.03.5

*gr# Dr# Reuse

5.0-

8.5Wastewater 0.7-2.0

<ile Water

55.5 57.5-

$rop Pattern%!!P

3.0 +4.0



Ma1or +ontry Strategy 2asMa1or +ontry Strategy 2as

Reglatorypolicy frame&or;

Integrated Planning;

)3icient )conomicmechanisms;

Introdction to PPP approach;

Raising 4&areness5Maintainconvincing;

Decentrali6ation Participation; and

Reglatorypolicy frame&or;

Integrated Planning;

)3icient )conomicmechanisms;

Introdction to PPP approach;

Raising 4&areness5Maintainconvincing;

Decentrali6ation Participation; and

0pportnities and Ma1or0pportnities and Ma1or

2ass!2ass!

4vaila'ility;

2echnology;

8 ve Impacton9 -/atral

resorces; *)nvironment;and *P'lic health#

Sstaina'ilit y#

4vaila'ility;

2echnology; 8 ve Impacton9 -/atral

resorces; *)nvironment;and *P'lic health#

Sstaina'ilit y#

0pportnities0pportnities



*t

*bstraction

*t

*bstraction*ppropriate

Tec"nology

*ppropriate

Tec"nology

Standards %

'uidelines

Standards %

'uidelines

*ccommodation=Re>uirements?

<eeds *ssessments for Sustainable Use

During

Delivery

During

Delivery@perational

Rules

@perational

Rules

Monitoring %

Evaluation

Monitoring %

Evaluation

*t

End User

*t

End User*warenessA

$onvince

*warenessA

$onvince

5aw

Enforcement

5aw

Enforcement



IWRM 4ction PlanIWRM 4ction Plan

)mpo&ering &ater sers for participationin the planning and implementationprocess;

%acilitating greater private sectorinvestments in irrigation and drainageinfrastrctre;

Rede-ning the role of p'lic agenciesthrogh Integrated Irrigation Management#

2acling fragmented &ater servicedelivery concerns ;



$urrent Setting of MWR! !nstitutions 26ragmentiBed3

5s8Mes9as

!everal5s

Main canal

2ile

$ 8 Ws $ 8 Ws

Regions

$armers 8Water sers

%eneral 3irectorates

3istricts

Inspectorates

entral 3irectorates

t1er Min.

Mar:as8lots

3ist 3ist 3ist

%.3 %.3 %.3

.3 .3 .3

ME3MWRI: EA3

I3!ectors

Ins Ins Ins

To p do w n i n te ra

c t io n s

5 i m i ted c ro s s se

c to ra l coo rd i na t i

o n

5 i m i ted i n te g ra t

ed p la n n i n g % ma na ge m

e n t



Mes9a

!everal 5s

Maincanal

5

$armers8Ws

5WAs

WAs

2ile

E m p o :

e r m e n

t

R e s p o n

s a

b i l i ; a

t i

o n

entral %overnment

3 e c e n

t r a

l i ; a

t i o n

3 e l e g a

t i o n

SUCS!D!*R!T( P*RT<ERS&!PS

!<TE'R*TED P5*<<!<'

% M*<*'EME<T

Integrated WM3istricts

3s8%3sReg Mgt om

IWM3 Adv. om.3ist. W5s

Marwas/Plots

*pproac"ed Setting of MWR! !nstitutions 2!ntegrated3<op

3o:

n

p

5otto

m



MWRI:s )ndeavorsMWRI:s )ndeavors

2o&ards IWRM2o&ards IWRM

Introdction of Irrigation Improvement Pro1ects

(IIPs$;

Introdction of /ational Drainage Pro1ects(/DPs$;

ast, 't not least introdction of a ne& approach to

Integrated Irrigation Improvement and ManagementPro ect IIIMP #

Introdction of (PIM$ approach9 Water 7oardsPro1ect (W7P$,

Introdction of Pmp Stations Reha'ilitationPro1ects (PSRPs$;

)ndeavors)ndeavors

Introdction of 4gricltral Policy Reform Pro1ect(4PRP$; ife Integrated Water Resorces ManagementPro1ect (I%)$



IIIMP Phase I9 (in /ile Delta$IIIMP Phase I9 (in /ile Delta$

Ensure sustainable optimum use of :ater and landresources t1roug1out strengt1ening t1e

decentrali;ation of decision ma9ing and users=participation in planning- operation and maintenanceactivities; Increase t1e economic return in t1e pro>ect commandareas by optimi;ing t1e use of available resources andimproved infrastructures;

0'1ectives0'1ectives

5roaden t1e saving in irrigation cost and controllingt1e :ater use for ot1er purposes;

Increase t1e agriculture productivity- 1ence-

increasing t1e farmers income and improving t1e?uality of life in t1e rural communities;

2arget grops2arget grops

MWRI Sta3 and Instittions, Rral poor in /ile Delta,MWRI Sta3 and Instittions, Rral poor in /ile Delta,

other Stacholdersother Stacholders



IIIMP +ommand 4reasIIIMP +ommand 4reas



+omponent 9 Improved andIntegrated Water Management

Ensure availability of proper tec"nical structures and

procedures to support a sustainable optimiBation of water

resource use#

!mprove t"e water delivery to water users t"roug"

!rrigation and drainage networ9s as well as pumping stations

system upgrading and re"abilitation#

!mprove t"e operational and maintenance procedures as

critical re>uirements to ensure t"e costeffectiveness and

sustainability of t"e investments#



+omponent <9 InstittionalDevelopment and +apacity 7ilding

T"is process combines empowerment and responsabiliBation

of water users) t"ey are no longer beneficiaries or recipients but

actors wit"in a process

Empower water users t"roug" organiBations t"at allow t"em

to solve t"eir internal disputes, assess t"eir needs and priorities

and consolidate t"em so t"at t"ey can more easily be ta9en into

Simultaneously, a transfer of responsibilities can be

considered so as to let water users deal wit" local issues and let

managers focus on "ig"er scale issues#



+omponent =9 Pro1ect Management,+oordination and Integration

Cross-sectoral coordination9 ensures appropriate tec"nical, social,

environmental, and economic conditions, 5imits duplication and

contradiction among various agencies#

Decentralization 9 proper regulatory and policy framewor9 in

order to guide local decisionma9ers at most lowest appropriate level#

Participation 9 involvement of water users w"ose needs and

priorities "ave to be properly identified and addressed for effective

results# can significantly improve management practices and reducecosts#

Regulatory Framework 9 !ntegrated cooperative managerial

sc"emes to be set up among MWR! entities and ot"er pertinent

agencies#



+omponent >9 )nvironmentalMainstreaming

5oo9s into t"e environmental impacts of t"e proFect# T"e

obFective is to identify and mitigate t"ose w"ile also loo9ing at

"ow t"e proFect can contribute to improving environmental

conditions in general 2and notably water >uality issues3#

T"e overall environmental impact of t"e !!!MP is eGpected

to be positive, leading to improved land and water

management# environmental management plan 2EMP3 to be addressed

main environmental issues and significant impacts) i# the

uncontrolled discharge of sewage into irrigation and drainage systems, with

corresponding impacts on public health, ii. the improper disposal of solid

wastes into irrigation and drainage canals.



b>ective4 Improved Water se

onsideration is to be given todevelopment & implementation ofcompre1ensive pilot on'farm integrated :ater management and agricultural programs- aimed at providing farmers :it1relevant and practical demonstrations ofbetter practices to ma@imi;e benets resulting from introduction of improvedoperational Bo: regimes and ot1er system

improvements

+omponent 9 @n6arm Water

Management



I. <ec1nology <ransfer4 Introduction of improvedirrigation and agronomic tec1nologies to farmersaiming at reducing :ater losses- irrigating moreuniformly- t1us increasing yields & returns

II. Mar9eting4 rovision of mar9et information tofarmers= to ma@imi;e returns (e.g. moreinformed crop selection- s1ift to 1ig1er value

crops)

III.ontribution to adoption of irrigationimprovement4 Assisting in implementation ofirrigation improvement program by contributing

to farmers= a:areness about benets ofirri ation im rovement

Proposed tec"ni>ues of onfarm development



Water allocation Mechanisms and Me Water allocation Mechanisms and Me

Water 4llocation Procedres Water 4llocation Procedres at /ationat /ation

4long /ile @alley and Main +anals System;

Information needs assessments9 * +ropping Pattern in di3erent areas; * +limatic conditions; and

* )Apected &ater demands#

4gst

Bydrological yearlyallocation plan

4gst

Bydrological yearlyallocation plan

4gst*Septem'er Planned releases

from B4D to reachDelta (C days$,

&hen -lled &ith yearly oods

4gst*Septem'er Planned releases

from B4D to reach

Delta (C days$, &hen -lled &ith

yearly oods

Septem'er*0cto'er /ational yearly

allocation Plan

Septem'er*0cto'er /ational yearly

allocation Plan

/ational yearly allocation Plan to

'e ad1sted dringimplementation throgh

/ational yearly allocation Plan to

'e ad1sted dringimplementation throgh



4llocation to each main canal (mostlyallocates a proportional distri'tion to eachmain command area$#+onsidering9

* +limate;* Secondary sorces

* drainage re*

se<* EW

WinterFota5+4

C m=5fed5day

WinterFota5+4 C m=5fed5day

SmmerFota5+4

>C m=5fed5day

SmmerFota5+4 >C m=5fed5day

Gearly average

.ota=

Gearly average

.ota=

Moderni6ation of the/ational 4llocation

yearly plan throgh+ompteri6ed

systemH

Matching Spply andDemand Program

2he so called,(MISD$

2&o seasons in thecropping cycle9

Smmer season9May to 4gst*

Septem'er

Moderni6ation of the/ational 4llocation

yearly plan throgh+ompteri6ed

systemHMatching Spply and

Demand Program2he so called,

(MISD$

2&o seasons in thecropping cycle9

Smmer season9May to 4gst*

Septem'er

Winter season9



M) Model ofM) Model of

IWMDIWMD Twocategory !ndicators

!mplementation !ndicators @utcome !ndicators

!WMD Establis"ed

Databased Management

C$WU*s Participating

Huality of !rrigation Service

E>uity of Water Distribution

;alue of *gricultural output



+) Huality of !rrigation Service

7aseline vales &ill assess ftre changes in7aseline vales &ill assess ftre changes in

pilot IWMDpilot IWMD

+#+ <umber of $omplaints Pro1ect*&ide 'aseline vales are a dataPro1ect*&ide 'aseline vales are a data

availa'ility dependentavaila'ility dependent



+#/)*ctual and Target District !nflows

DistrictDistrict 2arget Water 4llocation2arget Water 4llocation is providedis provided

each *daily period dring the irrigation year each *daily period dring the irrigation year (semi*monthly$(semi*monthly$##

Ino& and oto& strctres are to 'eIno& and oto& strctres are to 'e

cali'rated for compting the actal o&cali'rated for compting the actal o&

delivered to the districtdelivered to the district

Ratio of actal and target allocationRatio of actal and target allocation vales valesare to 'e determined in 'oth smmer andare to 'e determined in 'oth smmer and

&inter seasons#&inter seasons#

Share of /o# of *daily periods for &hichShare of /o# of *daily periods for &hich

spply matched target &ithin 8C is to 'espply matched target &ithin 8C is to 'ecom ted#com ted#



+#4)6armers Satisfaction

+lient satisfaction srveys shold provide+lient satisfaction srveys shold provide

information on farmer satisfaction in 'othinformation on farmer satisfaction in 'othsmmer and &inter seasons# (srvey sho&s thatsmmer and &inter seasons# (srvey sho&s that

J< and K> of farmers are satis-ed in SmmerJ< and K> of farmers are satis-ed in Smmer

and Winter respectively, hence,and Winter respectively, hence, e3icient &atere3icient &ater

managementmanagement##



+#7)Rotations

RotatingRotating irrigation service amongirrigation service among 'ranch'ranch

canalscanals is one of theis one of the most important toolsmost important tools managers have, ofmanagers have, of allocating availa'le &ater allocating availa'le &ater ##

RotatingRotating irrigation service shold 'e o3iciallyirrigation service shold 'e o3icially

set p#set p#the Main concern of the Main concern of IWMDsIWMDs is tois to ad1stad1st andand

cstomi6e rotationscstomi6e rotations as they attempt toas they attempt to savesave&ater and improve the .ality&ater and improve the .ality of irrigationof irrigation

service to farmer service to farmer ## Degree of correspondenceDegree of correspondence 'et&een'et&een plannedplanned

andand actalactal rotation patterns re.irerotation patterns re.ire 'etter data'etter data

'efore they can 'e compted'efore they can 'e compted##



/) E>uity of Water Distribution

).ity among7ranch +anals ().ity IndeA$

Relative WaterSpply among

IWMDS

).ity along7ranch +anals

()SI$

/ot responding, de tothe navaila'ility of

data

Erop 9)asy to spply &ith

&ater Erop <9Moderate to spply &ith

Water Erop =9

Di3iclt to spply &ith

&ater 3

E q u a l g r

o u p s

)SI H Satisfaction inhead (pper*

third$5satisfaction in tail(lo&er*third$

7+WL4s assmeincreased responsi'ility



4) ;alue of *gricultural @utput

0tpt per Lnit

and

0tpt per Lnit Water

It is s'1ected to many inences

'eyond the .ality of irrigationservice

2hey may not 'e very sensitive tochanges in.ality of

irrigationservice# 2heyshold 'eeAamined at alarge scale#

utcomes oft1e

Investments

In !ummer C DE ,.,,6 8 $ed

In Winter C DE .F 8 $ed

In !ummer C DE .G7 + ., 8 M

In Winter C DE .*G + *.7/ 8 M



RationaliBation

!WMD Model can ac"ieve=

Subsidiarity) 2vertical integration3 Idecisionta9ing at

lowest possible levelJ

framewor9, procedures % enforcing t"em

eGpertiseAtec"nical supportAimplementation capacity

'eograp"ic integration) 2"oriBontal integration3

I"ydrological boundariesJ

@%M integration) regrouping of all !%D and WRMresponsibilities

Planning % implementation integration) !WMD focal

pointApartner for all P%! activities



Ac1ievementsAc1ievements

5E2E$IIARY 5E2E$IIARY <ME!<ME!

IrrigationIrrigation

!ector!ector

Water saving of about FWater saving of about F

MM8Year. MM8Year.

ossibility of using t1eossibility of using t1e

saved :ater :it1 a value ofsaved :ater :it1 a value ofGG M8fed8year forGG M8fed8year forcultivating about 6,Gcultivating about 6,Gfed of 1ig1'cas1 crops.fed of 1ig1'cas1 crops.

5E2E$IIARY5E2E$IIARY <ME!<ME!




IrrigationIrrigationImprovementImprovement

andandAgricultureAgriculture!ector!ector

peration cost :ill be reduced toperation cost :ill be reduced toabout GH toget1er :it1 improvingabout GH toget1er :it1 improvingt1e :ater management at secondary-t1e :ater management at secondary-

tertiary- and ?uaternary levels as atertiary- and ?uaternary levels as aresult of pump electrication.result of pump electrication.

Increase t1e eciency of eldIncrease t1e eciency of eldirrigation from ,GH to /H :1ic1irrigation from ,GH to /H :1ic1means saving in irrigation :ater (Gmeans saving in irrigation :ater (G

MM8year).MM8year). Add ne: agriculture land as a resultAdd ne: agriculture land as a resultof c1anging from open mes9a systemof c1anging from open mes9a systemimprovement to a buried pipeline onesimprovement to a buried pipeline ones(ac1ieve an annual return of about(ac1ieve an annual return of about

(!J6G8fed8year).(!J6G8fed8year). Increase t1e main conventionalIncrease t1e main conventionalsummer and :inter crops by aboutsummer and :inter crops by about

6*H as a result of t1e continuous Bo:6*H as a result of t1e continuous Bo:application :1ic1 insures a dailyapplication :1ic1 insures a dailycontinual :ater demand per fed ofcontinual :ater demand per fed ofabout M8fed8day.about M8fed8day.




3rainage3rainage!ector!ector

Improve t1e drainage conditions as aImprove t1e drainage conditions as aresult of introducing modiedresult of introducing modied

drainage system at eld level. <1is :illdrainage system at eld level. <1is :ill

improve t1e crop pattern ot1er t1animprove t1e crop pattern ot1er t1anrice :1ic1 are cultivated beside ricerice :1ic1 are cultivated beside rice(e@pected increase in cotton price C(e@pected increase in cotton price C!J668fed) ac1ieving an incremental!J668fed) ac1ieving an incrementalof t1e annual return of about M!J F).of t1e annual return of about M!J F).

!aving a :ater volume of about!aving a :ater volume of about*GM8fed8season in case of*GM8fed8season in case ofcultivating t1e s1ort'period life'timecultivating t1e s1ort'period life'timespan rice. (in case of cultivating GHspan rice. (in case of cultivating GHof t1e improved 6- fed :it1 t1isof t1e improved 6- fed :it1 t1is

9ind of rice- t1e :ater saving :ill be9ind of rice- t1e :ater saving :ill be6*G to 6 MM rice season.




serssersrgani;ationrgani;ation

nderta9ing t1e responsibilities ofnderta9ing t1e responsibilities of&M at tertiary level by WAs :ill&M at tertiary level by WAs :illresult in saving t1eir cost :1ic1 :asresult in saving t1eir cost :1ic1 :asevaluated as !J *.G8fed. E@pectedevaluated as !J *.G8fed. E@pectedsaving 8year C M!J.G8year).saving 8year C M!J.G8year).

Reduce t1e violations of riceReduce t1e violations of ricecultivation.cultivation.

EnvironmentEnvironmentsectorsector

Reduction in t1e deteriorated valueReduction in t1e deteriorated valueof agriculture land (form !JK toof agriculture land (form !JK to

!J,G8fed8year) as a result of :ater!J,G8fed8year) as a result of :ater

?uality improvement to be maintained?uality improvement to be maintained:it1 t1e pro>ect implementation.:it1 t1e pro>ect implementation.

World 5an9 *,World 5an9 *,- (agriculture land- (agriculture landdegradation due to +ve environmentaldegradation due to +ve environmentalimpact resulting from deterioratedimpact resulting from deteriorated

:ater ?uality is count to 6H of t1e:ater ?uality is count to 6H of t1eoverall %3).overall %3).



Thank You and Wish You

a Fruitful Conference

efficientwateruse egypt

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