effects of temperature and heavy metal pollution on fucus serratus søren laurentius nielsen...
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Effects of temperature and heavy metal pollution on Fucus serratus
Søren Laurentius Nielsen
Roskilde University
Why bother?
Why bother?
• They can form extensive populations• They provide food and shelter for animals
and substratum for epiphytic algae• We know they are affected by temperature
and various forms of pollution
But what about germlings?
HD Nielsen et al., 2003
They may very well be more susceptible to environmental stressors than adult algae
Questions
• How will climate change interact with anthropogenic pollution to affect Fucus?
• Is the effect on germlings more pronounced?
Experimental setup
• Four temperatures: 6, 12, 17 and 22 °C• Copper as a ”model pollutant”
– 0, 100 and 1000 nM total copper, corresponding to 0, 42 and 422 nM free Cu2+
– Baltic straits open water and polluted harbor waters respectively
• A 4x3 setup for with germlings as well as Fucus fronds
Results: Adult Fucus
• Growth:
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
6 12 17 22
RG
R (
% d
-1)
Temperature (˚C)
Results: Adult Fucus
• Maximum quantum yield, Fv/Fm:
Results: Adult Fucus
• Maximum photosynthesis, ETRmax:
Results: Adult Fucus
• Non-photosynthetis quenching, NPQ:
Results: Fucus germlings
• Survival:
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
6 12 17 22
Re
lati
ve s
urv
iva
l
Temperature (˚C)
Results: Fucus germlings
• Growth:
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
6 12 17 22
Rh
izo
id le
ng
th (
µm
)
Temperature (˚C)
Results: Fucus germlings
• Maximum quantum yield, Fv/Fm:
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
Fv/F m
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
ET
Rm
ax
(µ
mo
l e
- m-2 s-1 )
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
NP
Qm
ax
Results: Fucus germlings
• Maximum photosynthesis, ETRmax:
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
Fv/F m
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
ET
Rm
ax
(µ
mo
l e
- m-2 s-1 )
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
NP
Qm
ax
Results: Fucus germlings
• Non-photosynthetic quenching, NPQ:
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
Fv/F m
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
ET
Rm
ax
(µ
mo
l e
- m-2 s-1 )
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
6 12 17 22
Temperature (˚C)
NP
Qm
ax
Conclusions:
• Adult Fucus:– Only the growth is affected and only by
temperature– Photosynthetic parameters not affected, so
effect on growth must be due to loss processes and/or effect on cell division
Conclusions:
• Fucus germlings:– Effect on survival, growth and photosynthetic
parameters– Effect of both temperature and metal– Survival decreases with increasing
temperature, synergistic effect of metal– Temperature has positive effect on growth and
photosynthesis, counteracted by metal
Conclusions:
• Need to include early life stages in assessments of effects of climate change and pollution on fucoid algae
• Only including adult algae can lead to overloking effects important for population maintainance and survival