effects of parental education and involvement on student achievement: evidence from pakistan
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Effects of Parental Education and Involvement on Student Achievement: Evidence from Pakistan. Baela Raza Jamil Zara Khan Zaheer Abbas PRESENTED AT: Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) – 10 th to 16 th March 2014. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
• Baela Raza Jamil• Zara Khan• Zaheer Abbas
PRESENTED AT: Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) – 10th
to 16th March 2014
Effects of Parental Education and Involvement on Student Achievement:
Evidence from Pakistan
Participation at CIES Supported by: Open Society Foundation (OSF)
www.aserpakistan.org, www.itacec.org
Presentation Outline
IntroductionObjectives of the PaperPast Studies on the TopicContext of the StudyTools used for AnalysisThe Econometric ModelResults and FindingsDiscussionsPolicy RecommendationsFuture Directions and Research
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Introduction- Learning Crisis in Pakistan
Only 43% of Grade 5 students can do Grade 2 level two digit division or read Grade 2 level sentences in English. (ASER Pakistan 2013)
Deteriorating trends from 2012 to 2013
2012 201340
45
50
4843
Grade 5 students who can read Grade 2 level sentences in English
% S
tudents
2012 201340
45
50
44 43
Grade 5 students who can do Grade 2 level
two-digit division
% S
tudents
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Reasons for Poor Learning Levels
Student Background and Home Environment?
Lack of preparation/
careless attitude of teachers
Challenges of textbooks
Content relevance and school facilities
Lack of political will
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Objectives of the Paper
To study the effect of parental education on the Arithmetic learning
capabilities of children.
To study the associations of parental involvement, the incidence of
domestic work, the taking of private tuition and the home environment
with the learning capabilities of children.
To find out the linkages between maternal education and a favorable
home environment on learning capabilities of children
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Past Literature
Parental educational level-the most important determinant of the
educational attainment of children.
(Stevenson and Baker, 1987)
Greater the parental education, greater the parental involvement,
better the home environment (Davis-Kean,
2005)
Increased maternal education, increased
achievement and readiness to attend school (Behrman
& Rosenweig,2002)
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Context of the Study (School-TELLS)
Phase I
•Conducted in 2007-08 in India (World Bank)
•States: Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
•Districts: 10Number of Schools: 160
Phase II
•Conducted in 2011 in Pakistan (World Bank)
•Districts: Faisalabad, Mianwali and Rahim Yar Khan
•Number of Schools: 120
Phase III
•Conducted in 2013 in Pakistan (ITA)
•Districts: Faisalabad, Mianwali and Rahim Yar Khan
•Number of Schools: 106
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Size of the Study
106 Schools(33 Girls Only, 44 Boys Only, 29 Mixed)
521 Primary teachers surveyed
and assessed 1652 Students From
Grades 3 and 5 surveyed and
assessed
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Tools Used in the Study
Survey ToolsSchool QuestionnaireClassroom Observation QuestionnaireTeacher’s QuestionnaireStudent’s QuestionnaireAssessment Tools Teacher’s TestStudent’s TestRAVENS Progressive Matrices Test
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Tools used for Analysis
School Questionna
ire • Gathered
Information on the Background and Home Environment
Student Test
• Tested students on Arithmetic competencies up to 5th grade.
• Final test scores scored out of a total of 100 marks
RAVENS
• RAVENS Progressive Matrices Test
• Administered to serve as a proxy for the child’s ability
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Median Learning scores
For Grade 3:Math score= 47 out of 100RAVENS Test Score= 8 out of 20
For Grade 5:Math score= 56 out of 100RAVENS Test Score= 10 out of 20
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The Econometric Model
Math_score= β0+ β1Parent_Educ + βX+ ε
where Math_score= Total score of the child on the Student Test
Parent_Educ= Highest Educational Level in the Household
X= Control and Explanatory Variables
H0: Parental Education does not have an impact on the Arithmetic test scores of children
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Variables used in the Regression
• Age• Gender• Ravens Score (IQ)
Control Variables
• Parental Involvement• Children’s Aspiration• Socio Economic Conditions• Private Tuition• Language Used at home• Incidence of Domestic Work
Explanatory Variables
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Associations between Explanatory Variables
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Results and FindingsFor Grade 5
Parental Education
• Children of educated parents score 3 points more, on average.
• Null Hypothesis rejected
• Highly Significant
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Results and FindingsFor Grade 5
Socioeconomic Conditions
Domestic Work
Private Tuitions
• A slight positive effect
• Not very significant• -2.24 points on average
• Significant• -4.38 points on
average• Significant
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Results and FindingsGrade 3
Parental Involvement
• Children whose parents ask about their school related activities at least twice a week score 4.8 points higher, on average
• Highly Significant
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Discussions
Paternal education is significant for the children in Grade 5
Parental Involvement is significant for the children in Grade 3
Socioeconomic conditions have significant impact on the learning outcomes of the children in Grade 5
Impact of domestic work on the learning levels is significant and higher in Grade 5 as compared to
Grade 3.
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Policy Recommendations
Improving Parental
Education
Non-Formal Learning Options
Incentives
Strings Attached
Social Safety Net /Voucher
Programs
Improving Parental
Involvement
Special Awareness
and Orientation Programs
Awareness about a better
learning Environment
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Future Directions and Research
Maternal Variables
Home Environm
ent
Parental Involvem
ent
In 2014 these schools will be revisited and some intervention is being explored with the School Education Dept, Punjab and private schools in the study
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Thank You!