effects of exercise program on alzheimer patients paper

Running head: EFFECTS OF EXERCISE PROGRAM ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATIENTS Lutz 1

Effects of Exercise Program on Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Katelyn J. Lutz

Alvernia University

Abstract

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE PROGRAM ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATIENTS Lutz 2

A community-based exercise program is developed to help improve functional ability in

Alzheimer’s disease patients. The trial of the program is randomized and controlled. Forty people

including, sixteen men and twenty-four women participated in the study and had a mean age of

74.1 years. The forty patients were divided into two groups: the treatment (exercise and

treatment) group or the control (usual treatment) group. In the treatment group, all levels of

functional ability increased such as: mobility, Mini Mental State Examination scores, physical

function, and lower body strength. This study proves that people living with Alzheimer’s disease

can benefit from participating in a community-based exercise program because of the increased

level of multiple functions. Improving functional ability can help not only dementia patients, but

also the whole health care system.

Effects of Exercise Program on Alzheimer’s Disease Patients


Studies have been conduction on patients living with Alzheimer’s disease who participate

in a community-based exercise program that tests their functional ability in a randomized,

controlled trial. Levels of physical function, mobility, cognitive function, ADL (Activities of

Daily Living), depression, carer burden are all subject to change after the exercise program is

finished. A four month trial of forty participants with Alzheimer’s and their caregiver were

divided into two groups which allowed researchers to test which group increased levels and

which group had not. The treatment group received usual treatment and exercised while the

control group just got the usual treatment. The participants included sixteen men and twenty-four

women who altogether had a mean age of 74.1, between the ages of 51 and 89. (Vreugdenhil,

2010, p. 12). The treatment (exercise) group participated at home in a 4-month program, whereas

the control (usual treatment) group just received their treatment. Walking and daily activities

were involved with the treatment group with help of their carer. The program includes ten

exercises with 3 different levels of each that focus on upper and lower body strength, balance and

at least a half hour of walking every day. Participants had a baseline test then the 4-month test to

see the results of the program. After the 4-month follow-up, patients involved with exercise had

improved cognitive function, Mini Mental State Examinations scores went up, increased physical

function and balance, improved mobility, and increased body strength. Use of MINITAB

Statistical Software, to test between the groups, was used at baseline testing then again in the

follow-up. (Vreugdenhil, 2010, p. 15). Exercise hasn’t been found to be a treatment for people

living with Alzheimer’s disease, but it is found to be highly beneficial and is a great opportunity

for patients to help themselves with their dementia. In conclusion, the testing shows that the

exercise was effective in all levels of functions and ability. Dementia in people is increasing and


with not many treatments available, it’s ethical to participate in the exercise program which pays

so close attention to the benefits and impacting patients to help improve their everyday life.

After reading this article of Alzheimer’s disease and exercise correlation, I wanted to see

how Laurie Lundy-Ekman describes the disease in-depth to get a full understanding of how it

affects people living with it. In the book, Neuroscience Fundamentals for Rehabilitation, Ekman

defines Alzheimer’s as the most common form of dementia which most often occurs later in

one’s life. In Ekman’s words, “Dementia is generalized mental deterioration, characterized by

disorientation and impaired memory, judgment, and intellect.” (Lundy-Ekman, 2013, p.443).

Alzheimer’s is progressive and causes memory loss and confusion where symptoms can be

noticeable in the in people around sixty years and older then typically lead to death about 8 years

later. The first signs of noticing Alzheimer’s disease is one often forgetting things, not being able

to finish sentences or make sense when they talk. Patients with the disease have trouble

interpreting and understanding moving objects because they suffer from motion blindness, in

which they can’t perceive if an item or person is moving towards or away from them. (Lundy-

Ekman, 2013, p. 443). The trouble with motion blindness is that patients have a tendency to

become lost or wander around due to not being able to guide them because their visual

information is not being processed properly. Emotions can change rapidly and be altered really

frequently in people with Alzheimer’s even though they may not be truly feeling a certain way

that causes the strange emotion outbursts. Eventually, failure to do every day independent

activities sets in and patients cannot perform tasks like feeding or dressing themselves. The

reason that cognition is lost is because of endothelial cells that do not function and cause barriers

called, “blood-brain barrier malfunction,” and leads to injured neurons and toxins that cause

inflammation and swelling. Signs of Alzheimer’s never ceases, it starts an opening for other


severe problems including atrophy. (Lundy-Ekman, 2013, p. 444). According to the Alzheimer’s

Association, this disease has seven stages that define it’s severity with aging. Stage one is no

impairment, stage two is very mild cognitive decline (may be normal age-related changes or

earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease), stage three is mild cognitive decline (early-stage

Alzheimer's can be diagnosed in some, but not all, individuals with symptoms), stage four is

moderate cognitive decline, stage five is moderately severe cognitive decline, stage six is severe

cognitive decline, stage seven is very severe cognitive decline (severe or late-stage Alzheimer's

disease). (Alzheimer’s Association, 2014).

Choosing this article on Alzheimer’s disease really informed me and helped me clearly

understand how it affects one’s body and what exactly it does to someone who is affected by the

disease. After reading the article, it allowed me to make connections to what Lundy- Ekman

describes Alzheimer’s as in her book, Neuroscience Fundamentals for Rehabilitation. This article

explains how Alzheimer’s patients go through everyday life with the inability to do most tasks by

themselves and are highly affected with the loss of visual information and direction of motion to

interpret moving objects. People living with the disease typically have a carer that takes care of

them which is explained in the article. This is because people suffering from the disease

gradually lose ability of certain behaviors and personalities along with cognitive skills that go

hand in hand with decision making and language skills. (NINDS, 2014). In the book, Ekman so

more in-depth to explain why and says how patients do not have the ability to feed themselves,

cook, or get dressed/groomed. This explains why patients have someone that cares for them

because they are physically unable to do most things on their own. In the article, the exercise

program is only ten exercises and walking every day for four months which allows the patients to

form a habit. There are some leading factors can make exercise terribly difficult for some


patients because of chronic atrophy of the cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus that

inhibits that act of exercising due to muscle loss and body parts wasting away. Although,

patients that practice exercise is extremely beneficial because it can prevent or help gain back

muscle that was lost as the disease progresses in the later ages. I’m glad I had this opportunity to

research this article because Alzheimer’s is a common disease in today’s society, affecting many

older people all over the world. I learned there is no cure for this disease, nor many treatments

available, but raising awareness by writing articles like the one I read by Aretha Vreugdenhil can

help people, like me, understand how this disease affects people and how they go about their

everyday life. I truly believe and agree with Vreugdenhil that exercise can positively affect

patients with Alzheimer’s.

References


Alzheimer’s Association.7 stages of alzheimer's & symptoms. (2014, January 1). Retrieved from

http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_stages_of_alzheimers.asp?

gclid=CMXJ1eGZzcECFZeFaQodw3YANA

Lundy-Ekman, L. (2013). Neuroscience: Fundamentals for rehabilitation. St. Louis, MO:

Elsevier/Saunders.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Alzheimer's disease information page.

(2014, May 22). Retrieved from

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/alzheimersdisease/alzheimersdisease.htm

Vreugdenhil, A., Cannell J., Davies, A., & Razay, G. (2011). A community-based exercise

program to improve functional ability in people with Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized

controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 26, 12-19.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00895.x

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00895.x

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00895.x

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/alzheimersdisease/alzheimersdisease.htm

effects of exercise program on alzheimer patients paper

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