effects of exercise on skeletal muscle a little background information
TRANSCRIPT
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Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscle
A little Background Information
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Benefits
• Improved muscle tone
• Better posture• More efficient heart
& lung function• Less fatigue• Looking & feeling
better
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Changes in Muscle Mass
NOT an INCREASE or DECREASE in Muscle Fiber
number
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Atrophy• Shrinking in
mass • Due to
prolonged inactivity & disuse
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Hypertrophy• Increase in
muscle mass & size
• Due to exercise & use of the muscle
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Changes to Muscle
• Strength Training – Contracting against
resistance– Enhances hypertrophy– This is anaerobic– Increases the number of
myofilaments in each muscle fiber
– The number of muscle fibers does NOT change
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Changes to Muscle• Endurance training
– Increases the muscle’s ability to sustain exercise over a long period of time & is aerobic
– Usually does not result in hypertrophy• Increases the number of blood
vessels & mitochondria• This allows for more efficient
delivery of O2 & glucose and greater production of ATP
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Exercise and Muscle Tissue
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What are the 4 physiological effects of exercise?
• Improved muscle tone • Improved Posture • Better Heart and Lung function • Less Fatigue
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What is are the psychological effects of exercise?
• Improved Looks• Improved Self Image
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What happens when a muscle is not used?
• They Atrophy – Shrink or get smaller
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Identify a “legitimate” reason for inactivity
• Disease• Injury
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Identify a “bogus” reason for inactivity
• Laziness– Couch Potato
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What happens to muscle mass with repeated exercise?
• Muscle increases in mass – Hypertrophy
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What happens physiologically to muscle during strength training?
• Increased myofilaments which… • Increases muscle fibers which… • Increases muscle mass which… • Increases strength
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What is the difference between strength training and endurance
training?
• Strength training increases overall skeletal muscle – strength and bulk
• Endurance training is aerobic – increases muscle endurance
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What types of muscle contractions are typically associated with
strength training? Endurance training?
• ST = Isometric• ET = Isotonic
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What happens physiologically to muscle tissue with aerobic training?• Increases blood vessels which… • Increases blood flow which… • Increases nutrients / oxygen / waste
removal which… • Increases efficiency
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What type of muscle(s) is/are improved with strength training?
• Skeletal
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What type of muscle(s) is/are improved with aerobic training?
• Cardiac, Smooth