Effects of entrepreneurship education in Norway and Europe 

Jarle TømmerbakkeCEO – JA YE Norway

Definition / Progression The status Challenges Goals Measures Evaluation and follow-up

• To be an important motivation force

• To collaborate in creating a culture that favors innovation and adaptation

• To focus on young people

• To encourage young people to believe in their own creative abilities and that they can create values and workplaces for themselves and others.

• To create a positive attitude to entrepreneurship

The Government’s Vision on Entrepreneurship in Education

Enterprise in education

JA-YE Norway

Education

Start up

Private Public

Partners in entrepreneurship

education

Primary Schools - Important to start early• take responsibility, trial and error, develop creativity and the

desire to find things out, social skills, …• understanding of cultural and economic resources in the local

community

Lower Secondary Schools• using pupil enterprises as a method

Upper Secondary Schools• theory and practice focusing on learning through practical work • the Company Program• international perspective

Universities and Colleges • student enterprises / Graduate program • learning how to draw up a business plan, identification and

evaluation of business opportunities

The Government’s Vision

6

Age 9-10

Age 10-13

Age 13-15

Age 15-19

Universities

Our Community

Smart

Creativity Camps

Europe and Me

It’s my business

Kids’ enterprise

Creativity Camps

Job Shadow

Economics for Success

Company Program

How to keep the accounts

Serious business Award

Creativity camps

Enterprise without Borders

Creativity Camps

Success Skills

Graduate program

How to keep the accounts

Pedagogical railing

Programs offered

Upper secondary (16-19 years)

2006

1.941 Company Program teams

10.925 students in the program

Penetration rate 20%

Activities for 45.000 students

7.000 teachers in different activities

Penetration rate– Company program

Norwegian survey 2005

Below 21 years 0,0 %

21 - 24 years old 14,8 %

25 - 28 years old 10,4 %

29 + 26,6 %

Total 16,6 %

Start up rate among students who have participated in the JA-YE Company Program – Upper Secondary Level - the hard facts: Students from 1990 to 2003

The average start up rate in Norway is for comparison 7,0 %

Effects of entrepreneurship education in Norway and Sweden

This study has been twice in Norway and three times in Sweden.The conclusions are the same: The level of entrepreneurial activity among students who have participated in the Company Program is at least double of what is the activity in the average population…

By doing the JA-YE Company Program, the former students answered:

• Made the schoolwork more interesting and stimulating: 80%

• Influenced on the relations between students and teachersin a positive way: 64%

• Influenced on the friendship between the students in a positive way70%

By doing the JA-YE Company Program, the teachers answered:

• Meant a lot for the students abilities to solve problems:89%

• Made the schoolwork more interesting and stimulating for students:87%

• Meant a lot for the students motivation to start their own business: 73%

• Meant a lot for their cooperation skills:91%

• Meant a lot regarding their attitudes to start their own business:73%

• Teaching this way, was a very positive experience for me as teacher:81%

…the soft skills…students from 1990 to 2003

AllYear

s 02/04

Years 04/06

No desire/plans to establish my own business  65 %

63 % 66 %

Will / want to establish my own business within 3 years 17 % 12 % 19 %

Have established my own company / finalizing establishing my own

business

17,4 % 25 % 16 %

Study from October 2006 done by Eastern Norway Research Institute. “What happened later” - Students doing the Graduate Program in Universities

Total sample app. 1000

Random sample 596

Answers from 43 %

Conclusion:

The level of entrepreneurial activity among students who have participated in the Graduate Program is at least double of what is the activity in the average population…

Experiences from participation in

JA-YE Company Programmes Denmark, Belgium, Estonia,

Finland, Romania, Norway and Slovakia

Start-up rate following participation in the Company Program in Upper Secondary School

• 14 percent of those who have participated in CP have subsequently been involved in entrepreneurial activity ( Belgium:8.5%)With error margins: Between 11.7 – 17 percent

• 36 percent have plans to establish a business within the next 3 years

• 50 percent have no (immediate) plans to start up their own company

Belgium:

No: 68,0%

No, but: 23,5%

In process: 3.2%

Yes: 5.3%

Are they still running the company?

Percentage

Yes 85

No, I closed it 9

No, I sold it 6

Sum 100

Reasons for participation - motivation

Compulsory-based: 13 % -

(Belgium 23% /Norway =44 %)

Enterprise-based: 53 %

Recommendation-based: 26 %

Advantage-based: 9 %

Belgium: Enterprise-based 13 %

Norway: Enterprise-based 30 %

Estonia: Enterprise-based 56 %

Slovakia: Enterprise-based 66 %

Finland : Enterprise-based 78 %

Entrepreneurial activity and educational attainment

In the other countries entrepreneurial activity increases with educational attainment, while in Belgium entrepreneurial activity decreases with educational attainment.

In Belgium entrepreneurial activity rates are very high among those who have only completed Upper secondary school compared to those with a University degree (twice as high).

Conclusions

• Entrepreneurship in the education system can make a difference in the value creation for a nation.

• It takes a whole village to raise a child.

• It’s important to start early to create an entrepreneurial attitude and culture among students.

• The students from Upper Secondary schools are the driving force for entrepreneurship in higher education,at least in Norway…