effectiveness and impact of state- grown promotion programs dr. wen-fei uva senior extension...
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Effectiveness and Impact of State-Grown Promotion Programs
Dr. Wen-fei Uva
Senior Extension Associate
Department of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics
Cornell UniversitySeptember 1999
Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office
June, 2002
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Current Situation:
• Food travels an average of 1,300 miles before reaching the consumer’s table in the U.S.
• More than 20 state-grown promotion programs in place
• Administration typically rests with the state’s Department of Agriculture
• Funds from state sources often combined with funds from licensing fees and private sector contributions.
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State-Grown Promotion Programs
Common Objectives:
• Promoting broad groups of food and agricultural products produced within the state.
• Support the local economy
• Agricultural market expansion and development
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Marketing Concept
Differentiate Locally-Grown Products
-- Building a “BRAND” Loyalty
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To increase sales at any price
-- Reduce consumers’ sensitivity to price change
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Some Research Results Related to Product Origin Promotion Programs:
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References:
• Brooker et al. 1988, Pick Tennessee Product
• Cambell and Feenstra 1998, The Case of PlacerGROWN (CA)
• Jones et al. 1990, Ohio Fruit Producer Survey
• Lockeretz 1986, Urban Consumers’ Attitude towards Locally Grown Produce
• Michigan Dept. of Agriculture, 1989, Yes! Michigan
• Patterson et al. 1999, A Case Study of Arizona Grown
• Ramu et al. 1998, The Case of Jersey Fresh
• Stern and Douglas 1999, Western Massachusetts CISA Study
• Skinner et al. 1999, What does the ‘Made in Vermont’ Label Mean to Consumers?
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Attributes of Locally-Grown Products Valued by Consumers
Top of mind beliefs:• Quality• Freshness• Taste• Healthfulness• Positive experience
Other positive messages• Sustainable community development• Contribution to local economies• Community connection• Environment quality
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• Produce display and TV were the most effective for building awareness
• Think local produce in the summertime
• Prefer to buy local products if given the choice
• Expect good quality from locally-grown products
• Branding of locally-grown products could not substitute for quality
• Consumers who were biased towards the locally grown products were most influenced by the logo.
• Messages at a direct marketing environment are more effective
Consumer Responses
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Whether or not consumers express preference for locally produced foods, their buying behavior will depend upon
availability of local products at competitive prices and acceptable quality.
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• Liked attractive price tags and produce display with the logo
• Disliked the additional brochures given in the store
• Higher educated people were less affected by the logo
• Processed and convenient food buyers were less likely to look for products with the locally-grown logo
• Majority (3/4) will NOT change stores to buy local
• Most (90%) will prefer the grocery store to have a greater selection of local produce.
• Repetition of the messages in different forms
Supermarket Customers
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• Consumers are facing information-overload by in-store promotion when shopping at grocery stores
• in-store promotion alone is not effective
• Consumer loyalty cannot be built through logo alone; communicating information of additional benefits is needed.
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Producers/Farmers Response
• More likely to participate if they are informed of the consumers’ awareness of the program
• 1/2 will participate in the program if it is free.
• Most commonly use the logo on price cards, posters and banners, and produce displays.
• The general state-grown promotion program is more popular than quality-control program.
• Larger farms and older producers are less likely to participate in the state-grown promotion program
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Retailer and Wholesaler Aspects
• Responded the state/locally grown logo added “value & freshness” to their produce
• Liked the materials the most and media promotion
• Retailers are more likely to participate in the program than wholesalers
• Primary wholesalers (>75%) are less likely to participate in the program
• Producer-wholesalers are more likely to participate than non-producer-wholesalers.
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• Promotion always has positive effect on sales
• Premium local products can demand a premium price when treated as a different product from non-local products.
• Ensuring quality is more important than price
• Program visibility and continuity is important
Program Evaluation Results
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•“Jersey Fresh”:
> Each $1 spent on the program resulted in a return of $46.90 to NJ Agriculture
> For every $1 spent on the program the local farmers earned an additional $15.20 in net farm income
Program Evaluation - continued
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Campaign Components
• Designated Management
• A Promotional CampaignLogo, Slogan, POP materials, Posters, Signs, Stickers, Educational Materials
• InformationFarm Map/Directory, Harvest Calendar, Regional Food/Nutrition Guides, Features of Participants
• Promotional VehiclesNewspaper, Radio, Cable TV, Billboards, Public Media, POP materials, Local Partnership
• Education Program for Participants
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Effective Promotion Messages
• A single promotion campaign
• Messages of quality and freshness
• Clear labels
• Increase convenience and availability to buy
• Contributions to the local economy and community
• Use local farmers to communicate; health and education professionals as support
• Messages for non-local groups - tourists, out-of-state
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Keys to the Success of a State-Grown Promotion Program
• A vision
• Seed funding
• A champion to carry through
• A program supported by different sectors of the community, not just the ag. sector
• A sense of immediate threat sufficient to motivate action among community groups
• Political leadership and technical support
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Challenges
• Maintain interests among producers, businesses and consumers
• Continuity -- The 5-year rule of thumb
• Identify funding sources for long-term sustainability
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Evaluation Questions
• Whether consumers are aware of the promotion
• Whether the origin of food products matters to the consumers
• Whether the promotion influences their preferences & buying behavior
• The effects of promotion on product sales & farm incomes