effective tier ii systems: from classroom to small group
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Effective Tier II Systems: From Classroom to Small Group. Tim Lewis, Ph.D. University of Missouri OSEP Center on Positive Behavioral Intervention & Supports www.pbis.org. Big Ideas. Understand interaction between behavior and the teaching environment - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Effective Tier II Systems: From Classroom to Small Group
Tim Lewis, Ph.D.University of Missouri
OSEP Center on Positive Behavioral Intervention & Supports
www.pbis.org
Big IdeasUnderstand interaction between behavior and
the teaching environmentBehavior is functionally related to the
teaching environment• Build Positive Behavior Support Plans that teach
pro-social “replacement” behaviors • Create environments to support the use of pro-
social behaviors (practice, practice, practice)– School-wide– Classroom– Small Group / Individual
Academic Systems Behavioral Systems
1-5% 1-5%
5-10% 5-10%
80-90% 80-90%
Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•High Intensity
Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•Intense, durable procedures
Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response
Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response
Universal Interventions•All students•Preventive, proactive
Universal Interventions•All settings, all students•Preventive, proactive
Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success
SYST
EMS
PRACTICES
DATASupportingStaff Behavior
SupportingDecisionMaking
SupportingStudent Behavior
PositiveBehaviorSupport OUTCOMES
Social Competence &Academic Achievement
Universal Strategies: School-Wide
Essential Features• Statement of purpose• Clearly define expected behaviors (Rules)• Procedures for teaching & practicing expected behaviors• Procedures for encouraging expected behaviors• Procedures for discouraging problem behaviors• Procedures for record-keeping and decision making
(swis.org)• Family Awareness and Involvement
I am…. All Settings Classroom Hallways Cafeteria Bathrooms Playground Assemblies
Safe •Keep bodies calm in line•Report any problems•Ask permission to leave any setting
Maintain personal space
WalkStay to the right on stairsBanisters are for hands
•Walk•Push in chairs•Place trash in trash can
Wash hands with soap and waterKeep water in the sinkOne person per stall
Use equipment for intended purposeWood chips are for the groundParticipate in school approved games onlyStay in approved areasKeep body to self
•Walk•Enter and exit gym in an orderly manner
Respectful
•Treat others the way you want to be treated•Be an active listener•Follow adult direction(s)•Use polite language•Help keep the school orderly
Be honestTake care of yourself
Walk quietly so others can continue learning
Eat only your foodUse a peaceful voice
Allow for privacy of othersClean up after self
•Line up at first signal •Invite others who want to join in•Enter and exit building peacefully•Share materials•Use polite language
Be an active listenerApplaud appropriately to show appreciation
A Learner
•Be an active participant•Give full effort•Be a team player•Do your job
•Be a risk taker•Be prepared•Make good choices
Return to class promptly
•Use proper manners•Leave when adult excuses
•Follow bathroom procedures•Return to class promptly
•Be a problem solver•Learn new games and activities
•Raise your hand to share•Keep comments and questions on topic
Benton Elementary
RAH – at Adams City High School(Respect – Achievement – Honor)
RAH Classroom Hallway/
Commons
Cafeteria Bathrooms
Respect Be on time; attend regularly; follow class rules
Keep location neat, keep to the right, use appropriate lang., monitor noise level, allow others to pass
Put trash in cans, push in your chair, be courteous to all staff and students
Keep area clean, put trash in cans, be mindful of others’ personal space, flush toilet
Achievement
Do your best on all assignments and assessments, take notes, ask questions
Keep track of your belongings, monitor time to get to class
Check space before you leave, keep track of personal belongings
Be a good example to other students, leave the room better than you found it
Honor Do your own work; tell the truth
Be considerate of yours and others’ personal space
Keep your own place in line, maintain personal boundaries
Report any graffiti or vandalism
Universal Strategies: Nonclassroom Settings
• Identify Setting Specific Behaviors
• Develop Teaching Strategies
• Develop Practice Opportunities and Consequences
• Assess the Physical Characteristics
• Establish Setting Routines
• Identify Needed Support Structures
• Data collection strategies
Universal Strategies:Classroom
• Use of school-wide expectations/rules• Effective Classroom Management
– Behavior management– Instructional management– Environmental management
• Support for teachers who deal with students who display high rates of problem behavior
How We Know Universals Are in Place
• Schoolwide Evaluation Tool over 92%• Administrative Walk-Through’s To Observe
Classrooms• Feedback from Parents and Visitors• Office Discipline Data
6+ Referrals
2-5 Referrals
0-1 Referral
57 students with 9+ Referrals
1712 referrals
Baseline Behavior Data Spring 2008
Current Behavior Data2010-2011
516 Referrals
16 Students with 9+ Referrals
6+ Referrals
2-5 Referrals
0-1 Referrals
Tier II (III) Process
Teams(Data, Practices, Systems)
• School-wide PBS– Universals– Connect points to Tier II & III
• Classroom Problem Solving– Review data – Develop function-based interventions
• Tier II (III) (e.g., CARE, SAT, TAT)
– Partner with Classroom Problem Solving Lead/Coordinator
– Coordinate and monitor tier II supports
Basic Steps
1. School-wide, including classroom, universals in place
2. Identify students who need additional supports
3. Identify what supports student needs– Environment– Intervention
4. Monitor & evaluate progress
Starting Point
• Work within current formal and informal systems• Develop missing steps of efficient process• Provide training and technical assistance to
facilitators– Classroom Problem Solving Teams (partnership)– Tier II Team
• Guided process with templates for environmental modifications and interventions
• Goal = fluency among all faculty and staff
Student
Continuum of Positive Behavior Supports
RRKS Team
STAT Team
School-Wide SystemsMatrixLesson PlansSchool-Wide DataAcknowledgementCommunication
Core Team Representative
District PBS SupportBuilding Administrator
and Counselors
*Meets Monthly
Core Team RepresentativeSAT Partner
Core Team Teachers
*Meets Weekly
Core Team/ClassroomsImplement AISMonitor ProgressRefer to SAT
SAT ProcessTeacher Training and SupportTargeted InterventionsIndividual Student Plans
SAT Team
AdministratorCounselorBehavior Specialist
Tier II Support Process
• Step 1 – Insure Universals, including Classroom, in place• Step 2 – Student Identification Process
– Decision Rules– Referral– Screen
• Step 3 – Classroom Problem Solving– Classroom supports (function-based)– Progress monitor
• Step 4 - Tier II supports– Non-responders to grade level supports– Match function of student behavior to intervention– Progress monitor
• Step 5 - Evaluate Process
1. Classroom Universals in place
• Review of essential feature• Implementation Plan
Essential1. Classroom expectations & rules defined and taught (all use school-
wide, create classroom examples)2. Procedures & routines defined and taught3. Continuum of strategies to acknowledge appropriate behavior in
place and used with high frequency (4:1)4. Continuum of strategies to respond to inappropriate behavior in
place and used per established school-wide procedure5. Students are actively supervised (pre-corrects and positive
feedback)6. Students are given multiple opportunities to respond (OTR) to
promote high rates of academic engagement7. Activity sequence promotes optimal instruction time and student
engaged time8. Instruction is differentiated based on student need
Systems
• Teach– Brief in-service, single topic focus
• Practice (performance feedback)– Peer coaching– Principal “walk throughs”
Peer Coaching with Performance Feedback
• 4 teacher mini-lessons on:– instructional talk– prompts– feedback– wait time
• Implemented school-wide– provided a tip sheet and mini in-service on each– weekly email reminders from administrators
Peer Coaching with Performance Feedback
• 2 schools – one high SES, one low SES• 4 teacher “cool tools” on instructional talk,
prompts, feedback, and wait time• Implemented school-wide; provided a tip
sheet and mini in-service on each, weekly email reminders from administrators
Instructional Talk for all Participants
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Per
cent
age
of In
stru
ctio
nal T
alk
Baseline
DC IT
PC IT
Change
Your First Task: Classroom Universals
• Develop a plan to:– Identify strengths and areas of need – Provide training for all staff on key features– Identify a strategy to assess use– Identify a strategy to provide performance feedback
• For Example– All self-assess– Identify areas of need– “Mini-modules” during faculty meetings (pbismissouri.org)
– Peer observe and count (performance feedback)
2. Identifying students
• Current data– Confidence in numbers– Consistency across data points
• Teacher Referral• Screening
Approximately 10% of total students
Data Decision Rules
• Office Discipline Referral (ODR)– Major– Minor
• Time out of Instruction– Buddy Room– Safe Seats– “Discipline” Room
RRKS TOC (front side)
RRKS – Time Out of Class Code: _____
Student: _________________________ Date:______________________
Incident Time: ____________________# of min. out of rm.: __________
Teacher: _______________________Subject: ____________________
What did you do/not do that got you sent out of class? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Circle the RRKS expectation that was not followed:Respect Responsible Kind Safe
What will you do differently next time?______________________________________
RRKS TOC (back side)
Processing Checklist:Processing data & time:
• Review with the student reason he/she was sent out.
• Teach & practice replacement behavior.
• Provide positive reinforcement for replacement behavior.
• Check the setting in which the behavior occurred.
Whole group instruction
Small group instruction
Individual work
Working with peers
Alone
1-on-1 instruction
Interacting with peers
Other: Please identify belowMinor List: Circle the appropriate code
(MDD) Defiance/Disrespect/Non-compliance
(MDS) Disruption
(MI) Inappropriate Verbal Language
( MO) Other (MPC) Phys. Contact
(MP) Property Misuse
Other Strategies to Identify Students
• Teacher Referral– Questions to discuss:
• Who completes• When• What data must be used/cited• Focus on externalizing and internalizing
• Screening– What instrument– Schedule
Second Task: Data Decision Rule
• Review your current social behavior data sources• Identify weaknesses or inconsistencies• Develop plan to collect additional data• Draft decision rules
– For Example:• 2 Major ODRs within trimester• 5 Minor ODRs within trimester• 5 absences within trimester• 60 minutes out of instruction per week
3. Classroom Problem Solving
• Grade level / combinations• Once a week focus of meeting = social
behavior concerns when decision rule met• Standard problem solving steps
Classroom Problem Solving• Process leader
– Classroom teachers, Specialist teachers• Tier II Team partner
– School Psychologist, Counselor, Administrator• Process
– Data-based decision making• Guiding questions
– Function-based intervention• Teach replacement• Environmental alterations / supports
– Monitor progress
Classroom Problem Solving• Student meets data decision rule• Classroom teacher completes preliminary forms
(documents student progress to date)• Grade level lead walks team through problem solving
process• Tier II Team partner attends if team is unable to
identify patterns leading to intervention or when significant concerns noted
• Plan put in place • Student progress monitored and reported at weekly
meetings
Classroom Problem Solving
When no students meet decision rule or multiple students with similar behavior concerns:– Develop range of possible supports for different
functions of problem behavior– Develop range/bank of strategies
Classroom Problem Solving Process
• Develop intervention based on function of behavior – Environment changes– Student skills to teach/practice/reinforce
• Monitor progress – Same data that brought them to your attention– Problem and Appropriate behavior– Teacher observations
A Classroom Example…
Stichter, J. P., Lewis, T. J., Johnson, N., & Trussell, R. (2004). Toward a structural assessment: Analyzing the merits of an assessment tool for a student with E/BD. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 30, 25-40.
Study Basics• Subject:
– Seven years old– Identified with EBD and ADHD
• Setting– General education 2nd grade classroom with 19 other
students– One licensed teacher and one student teacher
• Concern– Student exhibits high rates of off-task– Student shouts out answers and questions and comments
at high rates and often inappropriate
“Function of Behavior”• Descriptive (interviews and teacher
reported ABC/ Scatterplot data)– Function identified as Attention– Significant antecedents: multiple step
direction and group settings– Very High rates of both problem behaviors
reported/ inconsistency in accuracy of data collection
“Environment Assessment”
Significant variables: • clarity of expectations & directions• consistency of expectations• accessibility of class schedules• lack of enforced procedures (especially
regarding to hand raising and verbalizations or entire class)
0
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Baseline Level 1 Level 1 & 2 Level 1, 2 & 3 Follow-Up
Mean Percent of Teacher Behavior
High Structure Materials Accessiblity Rules Visible Assistance Consistent Answering Consistent
4. Tier II Supports
• Students who do not respond to classroom / informal supports (grade level 2-3 weeks)
• Student brought to Tier II Team– Classroom problem solving plan – Progress data
• Based on function of problem behavior and response to classroom supports, match student to Tier II intervention
Tier II Supports
• Centralized• Each has a coordinator• Placed in support by Tier II Team• Classroom supports continued / modified• ALL in building aware of their role in
supporting students in Tier II Supports
Tier II Team
• For now, primary role will be to:– Continue to build process– Assist with Grade Level Team Problem Solving Process
• Once Classroom Problem Solving in operation, your role will be to:– Review referrals and place students in appropriate
tier II interventions– Serve as “coordinators” of tier II interventions– Monitor student progress– Monitor overall process
Tier II Supports
• Check in - Check Out / Check & Connect• Social Skill Groups• Academic Supports
5. Monitor Student Progress and Evaluate Process
• Original data sources that lead to student identification– ODR– Attendance– Academics– “time out of class”– Teacher perception
• Key = frequent and regular– Celebrate success– Adjust if student doesn’t respond (or problems start
reappearing)• Cost –Benefit Analysis of overall process
Lessons Learned
• Effective classroom management must be in place
• All in building understand– Steps in process– “Science of Behavior” (function)– Purpose of Tier II strategy– Their role in supporting Tier II strategy
Lessons Learned
• Spend lots of time on systems– “Build Team”– Classroom Problem Solving Team– Tier II Team (with connects to universal team
• Progress monitor– Confidence in data– Efficient ways to collect (e.g., daily progress
reports)
Lessons Learned
• Continually assess for progress & success– Is it a system/process issue?– Is it a student who needs additional/different
supports?
• Don’t be afraid to abandon, alter, tweak processes or supports that are not leading to desired outcomes
Next Steps• Follow-up on task assignments from today• Develop a timeline to:
– Assess classroom universals• Implement training on common classroom concerns
– Refine/adapt/develop data collection tools and process
– Adapt Classroom Problem Solving Process for your school
• Identify needed training and technical assistance– Target a “start” date– Introduce overall Tier II process to faculty & staff