effective process mapping for (business) improvement & iso9001:2000 effective process mapping...
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Effective Process Mapping for (Business) Improvement &
ISO9001:2000
Effective process mapping Version JP.10.1-UK Oct 03
The High Performance Organisation Ltd
Version JP.10.1-UK Oct 03The High Performance Organisation Ltd
2Effective process mapping
Workshop objectives
1.Understand and apply a process mapping protocol
2.Practice process mapping skills
3. Develop process based performance indicators
4.Review process mapping facilitation skills
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Outline of the day
1. What is a process and what is process management?
2. Proposed process mapping protocol
3. Process & procedure design
4. Process measurement and monitoring
5. Practice
6. Facilitating process mapping
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Session one
What is a process and what is process management?
Learning points:•To understand what is meant by the term process based management•To be able to put process management in context•To understand the system, process and procedure relationship.
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What is a process?
Inputs Output
Transformationactivity
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What is a process?
1. What could be some inputs to an organisational / business process?
2. What could be some outputs from an organisational / business process?
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What is a process?
Process
Materials
Procedures and methods
Information
People
Knowledge
Competence
Plant or equipment
Products
Services
Information
Paperwork
INPUTS? OUTPUTS?
‘don’t get confused with resources & constraints’
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What is a process?
InputsMeasure outcomes
/ results against targets
Process as aseries of activities
Resources necessarily used in carrying out the activities
Constraints
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What is process management?
InputsMeasure outcomes
/ results against targets
Process as aseries of activities
Learn & improve toEnhance performance
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But what do we improve?
InputsMeasure outcomes
/ results against targets
Process as aseries of activities
Learn & improve toEnhance performance
Budget Competence Asset use
Methods
Teamwork
Environment
CultureH&S
Information sharing
‘you manage the resources & constraints notjust the process itself’
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System management
Inputs Outcomes / results
LearnChange
Law
Society
Economic Products &Services
Customersatisfaction
Environmental
Regulations
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Why process management?
• Research indicates that the biggest problem is that managers do not understand the processes they are working in, and therefore cannot manage them
» Collins, P. (1997), “Using Process Mapping as a Quality Tool” Management Services, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp 24-26.
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CEO
Dept.1 Dept.5Dept.4Dept.2 Dept.3
1
6
2
FunctionalHierarchy
Inputs
Outputs
Controlflows
down throughdepartments
Work processes flow across departments
3 4
5
Functional Hierarchy vs.
Product/Service Flow
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Why process management?• The problems in organisations often occur between
changeovers, when one process step flows to another process step in a different department or to a different specialist ….business processes are like a relay race, with the baton passing from one person to another within the organisation.
• The Olympic relay team don’t practice running together, they only practice the baton changes!
• Having only good runners will not get you the gold medal!
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Management system structure multi-level mapping
Management System
A process A process
‘the what is done’
A procedure
‘the how it is done’
Owner - Director
Owner – Process Owner
• Measure business performance finance, customer process, innovation
• Measure efficiency and effectiveness
• finance, customer process, innovation
Training Guide
Photograph
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Exercise 1
Group 1 – What is the impact of process managementon an organisation?
Group 2 – What is system management and how doyou incorporate standards into a system?
Group 3 – What are the benefits of process and systemsthinking to customers and the organisation?
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Session two
The principles of process mapping
Learning points:•To map a business process at the correct level•To understand how and when to use sub-processes•To design processes that can be effectively communicated•To map processes using simple tools and techniques.
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To map a process
•Start by defining the ‘real’ purpose of the processi.e. what the process is designed to achieve•Define inputs•Define outputs.
Then…..
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Process mapping• Process mapping aims to deliver a pictorial or graphical
representation that shows clearly:– A number of linked process definitions represented in sequential
order– Process definitions need ‘active’ verbs which describe activity
[delivery of, creation of, completion of, agreeing to, analyzing of etc….]
– Identification and visibility of process owners– Identification and immediate visibility to key functional interfaces– The start and end point of each process– Use a consistent level of detail across processes.
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Basic process mapping symbols
Activity DecisionYes
No
Process Flow
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The 7 golden rules of process mapping
1. Time (& process flow) moves from left to right
2. Agree overall process title with start & end points
3. Define critical activities and critical cross-functional interfaces
4. Identify Process Owner
5. Use active verbs to describe process activities and, if possible, define processes in terms of desired outcome.
6. Map using 3 levels (if required) of consistent detail
7. Apply the 80:20 rule – don’t try to map every eventuality
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Exercise introductionUnderstanding the Leisure Business
Planning the business
Market our services
Run the leisure facility
Run the restaurant
Run conferences
Monitor performance
Bring about change
ManagingPeople
Managing Money
ManagingSupply chain
Managing Assets
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Exercise 2
1. In groups develop a draft process map for one of the service delivery processes in hotel’s management system.
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Questions to Ask?
• What difficulties did you have?
• What would prevent you from process
mapping effectively?
• What questions / issues do you have?
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Other issues
•Can the map be understood in 30 secs?•Can the map be seen easily on a PC screen if needed?•Can other people understand it?•Get the big picture by concentrating on the ‘Yes’s’ first•Is it clear and concise?•Is everyone included?•Are roles and responsibilities defined?
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Process map: example one
Issue Store
Machine Shop
Machinist - Honer (1) 0.0% utilization
Machinist - Turner (1) 0.0% utilization
Wait Time (1) 0.0% utilization
Wait for both batches
to be completed.
Turn piston to size. On
batch completion send out
Drill out barrel, hone
and polish. On batch
completion send out.
Take out material
and mark in sets
Assemble items.
Send out.
Heat treat to
specification. Batch
size - 1000
De-grease, sand-blast
and final de-grease.
DE-ICER MACHINING & HEAT TREATMENT
‘Comments?’
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Process map: example two
Implement tactical direction and identify priority list of
what needs to be achieved, who,how.
General Managers Forum
Implement tactical direction from the Board.
General Managers SalesReview and evaluate current performance.
Management Executive Meeting M.E.M. (Group)
Research Independents and identify their needs and expectations for the
future.
Marketing
Research Independents, Multiples & Distribution outlets and identify their
needs and expectations for the future.
Sales Directors
Research market place for potential opportunities and identify potential impact on
P&H.
Directors
Review requirements of :- Bank , legal and regulatory
institutions and implications for P&H
Financial Director
Identify Holdings Board Requirements
Managing Director
Research and identify staff training needs and
expectations for the future.
Operations Director
Research and Identify Supplier / Manaufacturer needs and expectations
for the future.
Commercial Director Implement tactical direction from the Board
National Sales Manager Distribution Services plus
Account Controllers
Is direction tactical or strategic ?
Produce planning assumptions and template Finance Plan including any
sales numbers.
Financial Controller
Define sales strategy and resources required to deliver sales targets.
Sales Director
Produce departmental plan covering objectives,
timescales, manpower I.T. requirements, equipment,budget etc to deliver sales
target
Head Office Department Managers
Produce Branch plan covering objectives,
timescales, manpower, equipment, budget etc to deliver the sales target.
General Managers
Consolidate all plans into P&H business plan.
Implementation Group
Facilitate a review process with Sales Director
Financial Controller
Do individual Sales Plans fit?
no
Consolidate into Sales plan and distribute.
Financial Controller
Define goals and objectives to Senior Managers.
Implementation Group
Communication of business plan
implementation and advise tactical changes.
All Senior Managers
Approve plan
Implementation Group
Facilitate Review and solve issues
Financial Controller
Review / evaluate strategy, needs of the market and
review direction
Board
Discuss / agree shared strategy and objectives.
Board strategic
Review / sign off with relevant Directors
General Managers
Tactical Action Plan
tactical
yes
Note:- The Directors involvement is to indicate
the flow of the process only and does not explain their
full job functions.
Do different departmentall business plans fit
together?
‘Comments?’
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Exercise 3
1. In groups map a another process from the Hotel’s management system but not one of the service related (core) processes.
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Session three
Procedure design
Learning points:•To understand when procedures may be required•To understand how to construct procedures and linkthem to process activity•To know the mandatory procedures needed for ISO9001:2000.
Version JP.10.1-UK Oct 03The High Performance Organisation Ltd
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Management system structure: multi-level mapping
Management System
A process A process
‘the what is done’
A procedure
‘the how it is done’
Owner - Director
Owner – Process Owner
• Measure business performance finance, customer process, innovation
• Measure efficiency and effectiveness
• finance, customer process, innovation
Training Guide
Photograph
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ISO 9001:2000 Requirements
Documented procedures are required to meet the Standard (see below)
• Preventive action• Corrective action• Control of documents• Control of non-conforming product• Control of records• Internal audits.
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Tips
• Start with a verb
• Don’t cover more than 1 process activity box
• Don’t be concerned with linking, it’s in the process
• Don’t need scopes, responsibilities etc.
• Use bullet points
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Exercise 4
1. Prepare a number of procedures for an activity in the process you have designed
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Session four
Process measurement and monitoring
Learning points:•To understand how to link process performance to theoverall organisation•To know how to select the correct key performance indicators.
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Process basedperformance indicators
1. Process performance indicators linked to the purpose of a process
2. Process performance indicators which measure the outcome of a process in terms of volume, cost, time, safety & quality i.e. business results
3. A metric, a percentage not a target.
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Impact on typical scopeHigh Performance Organisations
Stakeholder Needs ISO 9004Customer Needs ISO 9001
Business (quality) objectives
Processes
Key performanceindicators
Monitor Performance& Improve
System KPIs
Process KPIs
‘shaped by the needs of stakeholders &customers’
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KPI business examples•Number of sales leads / Number of sales achieved
•Number of deliveries made on time / Number of deliveries made
•Number or value of credit notes raised / Number of orders delivered
•Average debtor day
•Number of staff leaving within 3 months / Total number of staff
•Total sickness and absence days / Total work days available
•Number of products not to specification / Total number of products
•Number of customers leaving / Total number of customers
•Individual customer value / Total number of customers.
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Process KPIs & ISO9001:2000
Outcome
(efficiency ofthe process)
(effectivenessof the process)
8.2.3 – Monitoring &measurement of
processes
8.2.4 – Monitor &measurement
of product
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Exercise 5
1. Develop effectiveness and efficiency key performance indicators for the processes you have mapped.
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Session five
Facilitatingprocess mapping
Learning point:•To understand the role of the facilitator.
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Facilitators roleThe facilitators role could include:
• Helping the process owner to map the process with others as required•Helping to identify KPIs based on the purpose of the process•Providing training on process and systems management•Not getting involved in the detail of the process but concentrating onhelping create a good processApplying best practice in business process mapping•Ensuring that a consistent level and ‘feel’ to the process and the system is achieved•Managing the ‘pace’ of the meeting.
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In summary
Build a process based on its purpose
Ensure the processaligns with
organisational objectives
Communicate & runthe process
Measure performanceAgainst targets
Improve theprocess based
on results
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Session six
Skills practice
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Exercise 6
•Identify a process for your organisation
•Map the process from that system
•Identify process performance indicators
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Guidance, advice & support
In partnership with
The High Performance Organisation LtdTel. +44 (0)1604 470837