eesa06 winter final 2014 with solutions and explanations 1 (1)

8/17/2019 EESA06 Winter Final 2014 With Solutions and Explanations 1 (1)

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Final Examination Candidate Form

Before you begin your examination, please fill out this form and leave it atthe side of your desk along with your student I.D. Please sign at time of

collection.

Date: April 10, 2014

Seat# __________

Name: ________________________________ _______________________________ (please print) Surname Given Names

Student Number:

Course: EESA06eg. (CHMA10H)

Lecture#: ________________

Instructor’s Name: Dr. Nick Eyles

I verify that the above information is true and fully accurate and that I have nounauthorized aids in my possession.

Signature: _______________________________________________(sign only at time form is collected)


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1. Please examine the following figure. The rock on top of the dashed line is a Cambrianlimestone. The rock below the dashed line is Cretaceous shale. Which of the followingstatements about the figure is false?

a) this resulted from an orogeny

b) this is a thrust fault

c) you would be likely to find fossils in the upper rocks

d) none of the above statements is false

2. Please examine the following figure. Please put the parts of the cycle back into

chronological order, beginning with i.

a) i; vi; iii; v; ii; iv b) i; iv; ii; v; iii; vi

c) i; iv; ii; iii; v; vi d) i; iv; ii; v; vi; iiie) none of the above is correct


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3. If the land surface of Hudson’s Bay has uplifted by 250 metres and the land surface of

Lake Superior region has uplifted 150 metres (since the last glaciation) which of the

following statements is most likely to be false?

a) both areas were covered by ice during the last glaciation

b) Lake Superior was likely closer to the centre of the glacier than was Hudson’s Bay

c) both areas have undergone crustal rebound

d) both areas were down warped under the weight of the ice, then rose after it melted

e) all of the statements are true

4. Please examine the following figure and

place the geologic features (i through v) in the

most likely chronological order (i.e. their order of occurrence).

a) v, iv, iii, ii, i b) v, iv, iii, i, ii

c) iii, v, iv, ii, i d) i, iii, v, iv, ii

e) It is impossible to tell the order from the information given.


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Please match the following terms and definitions for questions 5. 6 and 7. Choose the best

answer for each. You may use each answer as many or as few times as you wish.

a) uses interrelationships between layered rock to interpret the history of an area

b) specialize in the study of fossils c) specialize in isotopic dating of rocks

d) specialize in volcanology e) none of the above

5. geochronology 6. paleontology 7. stratigraphy

8. Originally the subdivisions of the geological time scale were only based on relative

age relationships.

a) True b) False

9. Please arrange the following divisions of geologic time in order of decreasing size

(i.e. the longest time period to the shortest time period).

i Epoch ii Era iii Period

a) i, ii, iii b) i, iii, ii c) ii, iii,i d) ii, i, iii e) iii, ii, i

10. Carbon 14 – Nitrogen 14 dating could be used to date rocks from the .

a) Cambrian b) Holocene c) Mesozoic

d) Silurian e) Triassic

11. Uranium 238 – Lead 206 dating could not be used to date rocks from the .

a) Ordovician b) Pleistocene c) Proterozoic

d) Silurian e) Tertiary

12. The oldest identifiable fossils are _.

a) land plants b) simple worms c) viruses

d) single-celled organisms such as bacteria

e) trilobites

13. The best rocks to date using isotopic techniques are

a) igneous b) clastic sedimentary c) organic sedimentary

d) metamorphic e) quartz-rich

rocks.


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Please refer to the figure for questions 14, 15, 16 and 17. Choose the best answer.

14. Which section(s) of the image show(s) the Grenville orogeny?

a) section a b) section b

c) section d d) sections a and de) none of the above sections shows the Grenville orogeny

15. Which section(s) of the image show(s) the Taconic orogeny?


c) section d d) section a and d

e) none of the above sections shows the Taconic orogeny

16. Which section(s) of the image show(s) a passive margin on the Atlantic coast?


c) section c d) section (b, e, f)

e) None of the above sections shows a passive margin on the Atlantic coast.

17. Which section(s) of the image show(s) an accretion of terranes onto the Western

margin of North America?


c) section (e, f) d) section (b, e, f)

e) None of the above sections shows an accretion of terranes onto the Western margin of

North America.

18. Currently, the eastern edge of Canada is a(n) margin.

a) active b) continent-ocean subducting c) ocean-ocean subducting d) passive

e) transform


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19. The formation of separated the Pacific from the Atlantic Ocean and probably

contributed to global cooling and glaciation.

a) Baltica b) Gondwanaland c) Pangea d) the isthmus of Panama e) the Rocky Mountains

20. You are going on a fossil hunt. Which of the following areas would you be most

interested in?

a) Banded gneisses of Parry Sound, ON,

b) Breccia from the Sudbury, ON area,

c) Paleozoic limestones of southern Ontario,

d) Pillow basalts of the Giant Mine near Yellowknife, NWT,

e) Pillow lavas of Betts Cove, Newfoundland

21. Discrete fragments of oceanic or continental material that have been accreted to the

edge of a craton by an active margin are called .

a) margins b) provinces c) shields

d) terranes e) none of the above


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22. The tectonic construction of North America has taken more than 4000 million years.

a) True b) False

23. Some of the oldest rocks in the world are found in the Northwest Territories.

a) True b) False

24. The Burgess Shale is a window into life on Earth during the .

a) Cambrian explosion b) death of the dinosaurs

c) evolution of bacteria d) last glaciation

25. The modern landscape of Canada is mostly the result of

over the last 2.5 million years.

a) earthquakes b) glaciations c) landslides

d) meteor impacts e) volcanic eruptions

that have occurred

26. Evidence for the closure of the Iapetus Ocean can be found in the ophiolites of

Newfoundland.

a) True b) False

27. The North American craton is exposed in the Grand Canyon.

a) True b) False

28. What is permafrost?

a) ground that remains unfrozen except for a thin surface layer

b) ground that is perennially frozen

c) ground that was frozen during the Precambrian

d) ground that is annually frozen

e) none of the above

29. DNAPLs are less dense than LNAPLs?

a) True b) False

30. A sub-bottom profiler measures:

a) the topography of the lake floor b) water depth

c) both a and b d) neither a nor b

31. The proposed McKenzie pipeline in the Northwest Territories

is to be built on permafrost. a) True b) False

32. What is the biggest environmental threat from landfill sites?

a) leachate b) methane c) odours

d) all of the above e) none of the above


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33. A ‘flashy’ river is usually the result of hardening of the watershed?

a) True b) False

34. What geological epoch do we live in?

a) Cambrian b) Cenozoic c) Holocene d) Precambrian

35. At Wiarton, ON polluted water from a landfill site entered the town’s drinking water

with deadly effect.

a) True b) False

36. What part of Canada is the most prone to droughts?

a) The Arctic b) Southern Alberta c) Newfoundland

d) Yukon e) All of the above

37. AMD is the result of the oxidation of pyrite.a) True b) False

38. LNAPL floats on water.

a) True b) False

39. An artesian well is located in a confined aquifer.

a) True b) False

40. The melt of permafrost causes uplift of the ground surface.

a) True b) False

41. A hydrograph depicts changing discharge of a river through time.

a) True b) False

42. A water well in an aquitard yields a lot of

water. a) True b) False

43. A talik refers to unfrozen groundwater in an area of permafrost.

a) True b) False

44. An unconfined aquifer is overlain by a confining layer.

a) True b) False

45. What is the approximate age in millions of years of the

Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (i.e. when the dinosaurs

became extinct).

a) 100 Ma b) 65 Ma c) 80 Ma d) none of the above

46. The Scot James Hutton discovered unconformities:

a) True or b) False?

47. A drumlin is a tropical landform common in China:

a) False or b) True


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48. Ice ages and interglacials are driven by Milankovitch cycles

a) False or b) True

49. We live in the Sangamon Interglacial a) True or b) False.

50. The last glaciation was called the Wisconsin:

a) True or b) False.

51. The Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is the largest glacial landform in Southern

Ontario. a) true or b) false.

52. ORM is known as the ‘rain barrel’ of Ontario:

a) True or b) False.

53. What does ‘brownfield site’ mean?

a) agricultural land b) land already used by industry etc orc) land exposed by melt of snow in the Arctic.

54. What do you understand the term ‘site remediation’ to

mean?

a) site cleanup of contaminants in soil or water or

b) site clearance of vegetation?

55. Is road salt a toxic contaminant? a) yes b) no.

56. Is there a cheap and effective alternative to using road

salt? a) no b) yes.

57. The last Canadian ice sheet was so large sea level was

lowered by approximately 75 m. a) true or b) false.

58. The Laurentide Ice Sheet was 500 m thick:

a) true or b) false.

59. The Anthropocene refers to what?

a) the last 1 million years, b) the last 10,000 years, or

c) the last 250 years since the Industrial Revolution.

60. Who made the first geologic maps:

a) the ancient Egyptians 3000 years ago,

b) William Smith 200 years ago or c) both.

61. According to best estimates there have been at least

a) 50 or, b) 4 glaciations during the last 2 million years.

62. Erosion and sedimentation by urban rivers usually result in a reduced frequency of

flooding.

a) True b) False


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63. The concept that the present is the key to the past is called uniformitarianism.


64. Apart from catastrophic events like large meteorite impacts that result in widespread

extinctions, the concept of uniformitarianism has not served geoscientists very well.


65. Geologists have recognised a cycle of supercontinent formation and breakup: it is called

a) the Wilson cycle, b) the supercycle or c) the all-terrane mountain cycle.

66.

Planet Earth formed about 4.56 billion (Giga annum or Ga) years ago by condensation andaccretion of dust and planetary debris: a) true or b) false.

67. What is Archbishop Ussher famous for:

a) the first estimate of the age of the Earth b) discovery of glaciation or

c) the first geologic map?

68. The climate record of the last 2 million years is best preserved

a) on land or b) in the ocean?

69. Arthur’s Seat in Edinburgh in Scotland is: a) a long dead volcano, b) a resting place fortravellers or c) the house where James Hutton once lived.

70. James Hutton is regarded as the father of modern geoscience a) true or b) false.

71. Greenstone belts are ___:a) metamorphosed basalts b) partially melted gneisses c) granites d) Acasta Gneiss

72. Moraines are interglacial landforms. a) True b) False

73. The Grenville Orogeny records the final assembly of Pangea. a) True b) False

74. Greenstone belts record ancient oceans. a) True b) False

75. What is the most important piece of information in mineral exploration projects in

Canada?

a) the former direction of flow of the last ice sheet b) the weather or

c) vegetation types.

76. An erratic boulder was carried by floodwaters: a) true or b) false.

77. Erratic boulders were first recognized by ___ Agassiz: a) Alfred b) William

c) Mary or d) Louis

78. The Acasta gneiss contains zircons; a) correct or b) incorrect?

79. What is till?: a) a glacial sediment b) a deep marine sediment or

c) deposited by rivers?


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80. The Ordovician period follows

a) the Cambrian b) Precambrian or c) Silurian periods?

81. An esker is a glacial landform composed of till. a) true or b) false?

82. An esker is a glacial landform composed of sand and gravel: a) true or b) false?

83. Rocks of the Grenville Orogeny underlie most of southern Ontario.

a) True b) False

84. What is the longer time period: a) the Precambrian or b) Cambrian?

85. What is meant by ‘quick clay’? a) sediment that was deposited in a cold glacial sea

or b) a moraine?

86. The last interglacial was much colder than our modern climate. a) true or b) false.

87. Modern day glaciers are expanding worldwide a) true or b) false.

88. Canada’s first diamond mine is at Ekati: a) true or b) false.

89. What is a kimberlite pipe? a) narrow carrot-shaped igneous intrusions or b) a dyke?

90. The large ice-dammed lake that covered Toronto 11,000 years ago is called Iroquois.a) true or b) false.

91. Southern Ontario is moving westward by 3.7 cm a year and rising slowly by a few

millimeters a year: a) true or b) false

92. The principle of ‘faunal succession’ allows rocks to be correlated based on their

fossils: a) false or b) true.

93. Earthquakes in Southern Ontario are called ‘extraplate earthquakes’:


94. Risk from damaging earthquakes is decreasing as Canada’s urban areas grow larger:

a) true or b) false?

95. The effects of an earthquake are much reduced where buildings occur on soft wet

soils. a) true or b) false.

96. Earthquakes in Ontario are mostly related to the presence of old, deeply buried faults


97. Sudbury Basin refers to an ancient volcanic crater: a) true or b) false.


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98. ‘Shatter cones’ are:

a) ice cream cones, b) the record of meteorite impacts or

c) violent volcanic eruptions.

99. Where would you go in Ontario to see shatter cones? a) Toronto, b) Kingston or

c) Guelph, or d) none of the above.

100. Scarborough Bluffs near UTSC campus reveal a world-famous succession of

glacial sediments. a) true or b) false.

eesa06 winter final 2014 with solutions and explanations 1 (1)

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