eee vii electrical power utilization [10ee72] solution

8/11/2019 Eee Vii Electrical Power Utilization [10ee72] Solution

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Electrical Power Utilization 10EE72

Department of EEE,SJBIT Page 38

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43

countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400

concurrently.

Tramways are lightly laid railways , sometimes worked without locomotives. The term is in common

use in the United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and elsewhere. In New Zealand, they are

commonly known as bush tramways . They generally do not carry passengers, although staff may

make use of them, either officially or unofficially.

Tramways can take many forms, sometimes just tracks laid on the ground to move materials around

a factory, mine or quarry. At the other extreme they could be complex and lengthy systems, such as

the Lee Moor Tramway in Devon . Many are narrow gauge .

Motive power can be manual, animal (especially horses), stationary engine, or small locomotives.

4. Compare electric vehicles over conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.

(June /July 201

Though losing ground gradually due to various reasons, steam locomotive is still the most

widelyadopted means of propulsion for railway work. Invariably, the reciprocating engine isemployed because

1. it is inherently simple.

2. connection between its cylinders and the driving wheels is simple.3. its speed can be controlled very easily.

However, the steam locomotive suffers from the following disadvantages :

1. since it is difficult to install a condenser on a locomotive, the steam engine runs non-

condensing and, therefore, has a very low thermal efficiency of about 6-8 percent.

2. it has strictly limited overload capacity.

3. it is available for hauling work for about 60% of its working days, the remaining 40% being

spent in preparing for service, in maintenance and overhaul.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Moor_Tramwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Moor_Tramwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Moor_Tramwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Moor_Tramwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway


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Department of EEE,SJBIT Page 39

It is a self-contained motive power unit which employs a diesel engine for direct drive of a dc

generator. This generator supplies current to traction motors which are geared to the driving

axles. In India, diesel locomotives were introduced in 1945 for shunting service on broad guage

(BG) sections and in 1956 for high-speed main-line operations on metre-guage (MG) sections.It was only in 1958 that Indian Railways went in for extensive main-line dieselisation.* Diesel-

electric traction has the following advantages :

1. no modification of existing tracks is required while converting from steam to diesel-electric

traction.

2. it provides greater tractive effort as compared to steam engine which results in higher starting

acceleration.

3. it is available for hauling for about 90% of its working days.

4. diesel-electric locomotive is more efficient than a steam locomotive (though less efficient than

an electric locomotive).

Disadvantages

1. for same power, diesel-electric locomotive is costlier than either the steam or electric locomotive.

2. overload capacity is limited because diesel engine is a constant-kW output prime mover.

3. life of a diesel engine is comparatively shorter.4. diesel-electric locomotive is heavier than plain electric locomotive because it carries the main

engine, generator and traction motor.

5. With a block diagram ,explain the functions of different subsystems in an electric vehicle.

(Dec2012/Jan 2013)

Within a single century, personal transportation has progressed from the horse and buggy to nearly a

billion private automobiles. It is projected that the need for personal mobility will grow even faster,

as large numbers of people are lifted out of poverty in developing countries and demand

transportation. Emissions from oil-burning automobiles clog our air and contribute to global

warming. For all of these reasons, finding an alternative to oil for private transportation is

imperative. Although several alternatives can propel a car, only one is readily available today:

Electricity.


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With the introduction of electric propulsion, a completely new drivetrain is introduced in the vehicle

requiring multidisciplinary research into system components. The Electric vehicle system is

comprised of electric motor, power electronics converters, and energy storage devices such as

batteries. In addition, the overall system must be optimized to maximize overall system efficiency.Finally, to reduce the overall transportation emissions, the vehicle energy storage device should be

recharged at times when the grid power production is most efficient and non-polluting.

NCSU research on electric vehicle systems focuses on extending the vehicle range by developing

more efficient subsystems and including storage systems with higher energy and power densities.

Another research topic focuses on development of fundamental and enabling technologies that will

facilitate the electric power industry to actively manage and control large amount of plug-in vehicle

charging.

eee vii electrical power utilization [10ee72] solution

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