ee311 final project

8/9/2019 EE311 Final Project

1/20

King Abdulaziz University

Faculty of Engineering

Electronics I

DC power supply

Dr. MD !a"# Isla$


2/20

%able of contents&

Content 'ageIntroduction 3Planning design strategy 3Background 3Problem defnition 6Constrain 6Objectives 6

Tools 6Generating olutions !

olution selection "In#ut $ out#ut #ecifcations %&ormulas and Calculations %imulation 11Cost estimate 13a'ety in (ab 13

Team norms 1)*istribution 1+Comment 16

Conclusion 16,e'erences 16

Introduction

*ue to t-e em#irical nature o' electronics t-eory. laboratory

e/#erimentation is an im#ortant #art o' t-e study o' electronics0

T-ese e/#eriments are used to #rove. veri'y. and rein'orce las and

t-eorems suc- as O-m2s la. irc--o42s las0 5ere in 311#roject. e ill design a circuit as an a##lication 'or -at e -ave

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoremshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_circuit_lawshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoremshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_circuit_lawshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical


3/20

studied about diodes0 T-e circuit as center7ta##ed 'ull7ave

rectifer it- out#ut voltage o' +80

'lanning design strategy &

t-e 'olloing gant c-art describes #roject ste#s #rocedure and

time to do eac- task as s-on in fgure 10

&igure019 Gant C-art

(ac)ground

T-e :ener diode is like a general7#ur#ose signal diodeconsisting o' a silicon P; junction0 o t-roug- t-e diode to limit t-is increase

in voltage0

T-e current no >oing t-roug- t-e =ener diode increases

dramatically to t-e ma/imum circuit value ?-ic- is usually limited

by a series resistor@ and once ac-ieved t-is reverse saturation

current remains 'airly constant over a ide range o' a##lied

voltages0 T-is breakdon voltage #oint. 8B is called t-e A=ener

voltageA 'or =ener diodes and can range 'rom less t-an one volt to

-undreds o' volts0

T-e #oint at -ic- t-e =ener voltage triggers t-e current to >ot-roug- t-e diode can be very accurately controlled ?to less t-an 1


4/20

tolerance@ in t-e do#ing stage o' t-e diodes semiconductor

construction giving t-e diode a s#ecifc zener breakdown voltage.

? 8= @ 'or e/am#le. )038 or !0+80 T-is =ener breakdon voltage on

t-e I78 curve is almost a vertical straig-t line0

:ener *iode I78 C-aracteristics

&igure 9 :ener *iode I78 C-aracteristics

T-e :ener *iode is used in its Areverse biasA or reverse breakdon

mode. i0e0 t-e diodes anode connects to t-e negative su##ly0 &rom

t-e I78 c-aracteristics curve above. e can see t-at t-e =ener diode

-as a region in its reverse bias c-aracteristics o' almost a constant

negative voltage regardless o' t-e value o' t-e current >oing

t-roug- t-e diode and remains nearly constant even it- large

c-anges in current as long as t-e =ener diodes current remains

beteen t-e breakdon current I:?min@ and t-e ma/imum current

rating I:?ma/@0

T-is ability to control itsel' can be used to great e4ect to regulate or

stabili=e a voltage source against su##ly or load variations0 T-e 'act

t-at t-e voltage across t-e diode in t-e breakdon region is almost

constant turns out to be an im#ortant a##lication o' t-e =ener diode

as a voltage regulator0 T-e 'unction o' a regulator is to #rovide a

constant out#ut voltage to a load connected in #arallel it- it in

s#ite o' t-e ri##les in t-e su##ly voltage or t-e variation in t-e load

current and t-e =ener diode ill continue to regulate t-e voltage


5/20

until t-e diodes current 'alls belo t-e minimum I:?min@ value in t-e

reverse breakdon region0

T-e :ener *iode ,egulator

:ener *iodes can be used to #roduce a stabili=ed voltage out#ut

it- lo ri##le under varying load current conditions0 By #assing a

small current t-roug- t-e diode 'rom a voltage source. via a suitable

current limiting resistor ?,@. t-e =ener diode ill conduct suDcient

current to maintain a voltage dro# o' 8out0


6/20

-ic- in turn dissi#ates its ma/imum #oer0 lso a small value o'

t-e series resistor , ill result in a greater diode current -en t-e

load resistance ,( is connected and large as t-is ill increase t-e

#oer dissi#ation reHuirement o' t-e diode so care must be taken

-en selecting t-e a##ro#riate value o' series resistance so t-at t-e=eners ma/imum #oer rating is not e/ceeded under t-is no7load or

-ig-7im#edance condition0

T-e load is connected in #arallel it- t-e =ener diode. so t-e

voltage across ,( is alays t-e same as t-e =ener voltage. ? 8, E

8: @0 T-ere is a minimum =ener current 'or -ic- t-e stabili=ation o'

t-e voltage is e4ective and t-e =ener current must stay above t-is

value o#erating under load it-in its breakdon region at all times0

T-e u##er limit o' current is o' course de#endent u#on t-e #oerrating o' t-e device0 T-e su##ly voltage 8 must be greater t-an 8:0

One small #roblem it- =ener diode stabili=er circuits is t-at t-e

diode can sometimes generate electrical noise on to# o' t-e *C

su##ly as it tries to stabili=e t-e voltage0 ;ormally t-is is not a

#roblem 'or most a##lications but t-e addition o' a large value

decou#ling ca#acitor across t-e =eners out#ut may be reHuired to

give additional smoot-ing0

T-en to summari=e a little0 =ener diode is alays o#erated in its

reverse biased condition0 voltage regulator circuit can be designed

using a =ener diode to maintain a constant *C out#ut voltage across

t-e load in s#ite o' variations in t-e in#ut voltage or c-anges in t-e

load current0 T-e =ener voltage regulator consists o' a current

limiting resistor , connected in series it- t-e in#ut voltage 8 it-

t-e =ener diode connected in #arallel it- t-e load ,( in t-is reverse

biased condition0 T-e stabili=ed out#ut voltage is alays selected to

be t-e same as t-e breakdon voltage 8: o' t-e diode0

'roble$ De"nition

In our daily li'e e 'ace some #roblems in devices -ic- need

less voltage0 In t-is #roject e ill create a solution to solve t-is

#roblem so. e are going to convert t-e voltage 'rom11F to + volts0

Constrain• T-e out#ut s-ould be + 80


7/20

#roblem

in devices -ic- need less voltage0 In t-is #roject e ill create a solution to solve t-is #roblem s

General solutiona *C #oer su##ly -ic- ill take C voltage 'rom t-e su##ly ?F 8 or 11F 8 C@ as in#ut and #

&unctional solution

*C #oer su##ly -ic- ill take C voltage #roduce a *C voltage o' +8 as out#ut by using 'ull *esign a *C #oer su##ly -ic- ill take C voltage #roduce a *C volta

#ecifc solution

Bridge ,ectifer

:ener diode it- +01 8

Ca#acitor

,esistors

;ormal te# don Trans'ormer

To ilicon *iodes

:ener diode it- +01 8

Ca#acitor

,esistors

;ormal te# don Trans'orm

*b+ectives• *esign *C Poer u##ly t-at -as an out#ut o' +80

• ##lying -at e -ave studied in t-e class about diode0

%ools10 Breadboard00 Trans'ormer030 ,esistors0)0 Ca#acitor0+0 To ilicon *iodes060 :ener *iode Ty#e +01 8 ?1;)!33@0!0 Connection ires0"0 ultimeter0

,enerating olutions


8/20

fgure 9 *uncker *iagram


9/20

solution election

no. e ill using T *ecision tec-niHue to selected one o' alternatives solution as s-on fgure 30

Decision Analysis

lternative • ?@ Bridge ,ectifer• :ener diode it-

+01 8• Ca#acitor

• ,esistors

• ;ormal te# don

Trans'ormer

• ?B@ To ilicon

*iodes

• :ener diode it- +

8

• Ca#acitor

• ,esistors

• ;ormal te# don

Trans'ormer

M u s t

10 *esign a *C #oer su##ly -ic- ill take C voltage

#roduce a *C voltage o' +8 as out#ut

GO $ ;O GO GO $ ;O GO

-ants


10/20

fgure 39 T *ecision


11/20

*eviceC voltage ?F 8 or 11F 8 C@ *C voltage o' +8

o a'ter using T *ecision nalysis t-e number o' arti'acts remaining is

one solution. -ic- -ave t-e -ig-est score to use it9

lternative ?B@9

• To ilicon *iodes0• :ener diode it- +01 80

• Ca#acitor0

• ,esistors0

• ;ormal te# don Trans'ormer0

Inputoutput speci"cations

Black bo/ is a gra#-ic re#resentation o' t-e system or object beingdesigned it- in#ut s-on entering t-e bo/ in t-e le't side and out#utleaving in t-e rig-t side0 T-is #rocess can -el# us to identi'y t-e'unction as s-on in fgure )0

fgure )9 Black Bo/

For$ulas and calculations

Used for$ulas

1@ Vz=Vzo+(iz )(rz)

@ Vc (max )=Vs−VDo

3@ Vc (min )=Vc (max )−Vr


12/20

)@ R=Vc (min)−(Vzo+rziz (min))

iz (min)+iL(max)

+@

R=Vc (max )−(Vzo+rziz (max ))

iz (max )+iL(min)

6@ Vr ( pp)=

I

2 fC

!@ Vc (average )=Vo−

1

2Vr

"@ I =

Vc (average )−Vz R

%@ PR=(iz (max )+ il (min) )(Vc (max )−Vzo−rzIz(max))

Calculations

V o=5 v

:ener diode I;)!330 Its c-aracteristics9

V z=5v , I z=45mA ,I zk =1mA ,r z=7 Ω

Trans'ormer J%F%K EL V s=9√ 2=12.73

ssumeV r=1v I Lmin=oA I zmin=3mA

I Lmax= 5

2000=2.5mA

V zo=4.76v

V cmax=V s−V D 0=12.73−0.7=12.03 v


13/20

V cmin=V cmax−V r=12.73−1=11.03 v

V cavg=V cmax+V cmin

2=12.73

−11.032

=11.53v

R=11.03−4.76−(7×4 m)

(4 m+1.5m) =960.4 Ω

I =V cavg−V z

R =

11.53−5960.3

=6.69mA

C =6.69mA

120=55.8 μF

I zmax=V cmax−V z0

R+r z=

11.03−4.76960.3+7

=7.5mA

P z

V z=196m

It is clear t-atI:?ma/@ -as less t-an P z

V z 0o. it is satisfed t-e condition0

P R=(7.5m+0 )× (12.03−4.76− (7×7.5m ))=54.2mW

Used parts

1@ Center ta# trans'ormer -ic- give out#ut o' 18 ?rms@ andcurrent o' +FF m0

@ ccording to t-e calculations. t-e value o' , is %61M0

3@ ccording to t-e calculations. t-e value o' C is ++0"N& e did notfnd t-e e/act value in t-e market0 o e c-oose t-e closestvalue -ic- is +6N&0

)@ To silicon diodes Ty#e *1;)1)"it- dro# voltage 'or eac- isF0!80


14/20

/0 /1

/2

13334

5046334

c

758F

79 :ener diode Ty#e 1;)!33 -as out#ut voltage eHual to +0180

6@ Breadboard to construct t-e circuit on it0

i$ulated circuit

In t-is fgure + s-on t-e circuit simulation in so'tare

&igure +9 simulated circuit

Connection

In t-is fgure 6 s-on as connected t-e com#onent in breadboard0


15/20

&igure 69 connection circuit0

*utput voltage

In t-is fgure ! s-os as t-e out#ut in multimeter eHual + 80

&igure !9 out#ut voltage0

Cost esti$ate


16/20

:o. 'art 'rice

0 Bread Board + 0,

1 Trans'ormer?%0F0%@ ! 0,

2 T-ree ,esistors 0,

7 To ilicon *iodes 1 0,

5 :ener diode1;)!33 1 0,; Ca#acitor +6 ' 0,

afety in Electronic and Electrical


17/20

,emove metal jeelry. atc-es. rings. etc0. be'ore orking on

electrical circuits0

lays c-eck t-e electrical ratings o' eHui#ment you use and be

sure you use t-at eHui#ment it-in its ratings0

;ever overload circuits0

;ever leave un#rotected systems unattended0

;ever #lace containers o' liHuid on electrical systems0

;ever de'eat t-e #ur#ose o' a 'use or circuit breaker0 ;ever install a

'use o' -ig-er am#erage rating t-an t-at s#ecifcally listed 'or your

circuit0

ake sure eHui#ment c-assis or cabinets are grounded0 ;ever cut

o4 or de'eat t-e ground connection on a #lug0

a'ely disc-arge ca#acitors in eHui#ment be'ore orking on t-e

circuits0


18/20

%ea$ :or$s

17 Qou must attend t-e meetings0

7 anaging t-e time -en e are in t-e meeting037 Qou -ave to be sel'7regulated0

)7 Qou must ork it- your team not individually0

+7 Qou -ave to -el# your teammates -en t-ey ask you to -el#

t-em0

67 Qou -ave to acce#t t-e vies o' t-e ot-ers. don2t be nervous0

!7 ;ever discuss li'e issues during meeting time0

"7 Qou must kee# in touc- it- ot-ers 0

%7 Qou must be committed to your ork 0

1F7 Organi=e your ork0

Distributions


19/20

ember

Task

bdulr-m

an Qa-ya

o-ann

ad&aisel

earc- 'or t-e

#arts o' t-e#roject and set

t-e #rices

Buy all parts of

the project

sk 'or -el# 'rom

/#erts

*evelo#

alternative

solutionsake sure t-at all

t-e #arts orking

be'ore deadline

Test t-e eDciency

o' t-e #roject

&inis- t-e

#a#erork ork

and #resentation

'or t-e celebration

assignmentfgure "9 de#loyment c-art

Co$$ents

1@ Center7ta##ed trans'ormer it- to diodes can 'orm a 'ull7


20/20

ave rectifer t-at allos bot- -al'7cycles o' t-e C ave'orm

@ :ener diode is a diode -ic- allos current to >o in t-e

'orard direction in t-e same manner as an ideal diode. but

ill also #ermit it to >o in t-e reverse direction -en t-e

voltage is above a certain value knon as t-e breakdonvoltage. A=ener knee voltageA

3@ ilicon diode used to allo an electric current to #ass in one

direction ?called t-e diode2s 'orard direction@. -ile blocking

current in t-e o##osite direction ?t-e reverse direction@0

)@ Breadboard make it easy to use 'or construct t-e circuit and

e/#erimenting it0

+@ Ca#acitor used to smoot- t-e C ave to a line ave *C0

Conclusion

ccom#lis-ing t-is #roject -as develo#ed many conce#ts t-at e

took in lectures about t-e electrical com#onents0 lso. e 'ace

some diDculties suc- t-at con'ecting all t-e com#onents on t-e

breadboard because e get used to connect t-e electrical

com#onents on s#ecifed board in t-e laboratory0 t t-e end o'

t-is #roject e gain t-e knoledge about an im#ortant

a##lication o' rectifer -ic- it is convert 'rom C to *C0

/eferences

• -tt#9$$ai0eecs0umic-0edu$atl7sa'ety$id310-tm

• -tt#9$$en0iki#edia0org$iki$,ectifer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltagehttp://ai.eecs.umich.edu/atl-safety/id31.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltagehttp://ai.eecs.umich.edu/atl-safety/id31.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier

ee311 final project

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