educationwithsocialeducationwith social organisations ... · • provision of the platforms for...

OUTLINE

•BACKGROUND INF0RMATIONBOTSWANA

•KCS AND SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS

•LESSONS LEARNT

•CONCLUSIONS

•QUESTIONS/COMMENTS

Education with SocialEducation with SocialEducation with SocialEducation with Social Organisations: ExperiencesOrganisations: ExperiencesOrganisations: ExperiencesOrganisations: Experiences and Lessons Learntand Lessons Learntand Lessons Learntand Lessons LearntKalahari ConservationKalahari ConservationKalahari ConservationKalahari Conservation SocietySocietySocietySociety BotswanaBotswanaBotswanaBotswana

Felix Monggae

Kalahari Conservation Society,

Botswana

Tel.00267 3974557

[email protected]

BACKGROUND INFORMATION – BBBBOOOOTTTTSSSSWWWWAAAANNNNAAAA �AREA 582,000 KM2 ; POP 1.7m

�LANDLOCKED COUNTRY

�ARID TO SEMI ARID CLIMATE – Geographical location + physiography

�TOPOGRAPHY FLAT Low surface runoff and low g/water recharge

�ERRATIC RAINFALLS / HIGH EVAPOTRANSPIRATIONBotswana has been experiencing frequent drought situation, exacerbated by increasing water demands.

�PERRENIAL RIVERS – TRANSBOUNDARY / EPHEMERAL RIVERS

� App. 80% GROUNDATER SOURCES

Major Drainage Basins

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY IN RURAL AREAS Source of water supply

Locality type Rural total

(includin g rural

villages)

Botswan a

Lands Cattle

posts

Farms Others Localitie

s subtotal

1991 Census

Piped or - - 41.3 25.3 6.5 51.6 77.0 Well 18.5 22.1 2.8 9.5 16.9 8.8 4.2 Borehole 20.4 49.2 44.0 35.1 30.6 15.8 7.5 Flowing river 8.0 4.2 2.4 2.5 5.9 3.1 1.5 Sand river 10.4 9.6 2.9 6.7 9.2 4.8 2.3 Dam/pan 16.2 3.4 4.3 8.1 11.3 5.9 2.8 Other 25.8 10.7 1.6 11.9 18.7 9.7 4.6 Not stated 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2001 Census

Piped or 41.9 12.4 51.5 55.4 36.6 73.3 87.7 Bowser/tanke 3.3 3.2 5.6 5.9 3.9 2.1 0.9 Well 10.9 15.3 1.8 6.1 10.6 4.2 1.8 Borehole 19.3 55.9 34.3 22.6 31.3 12.2 5.1 River/stream 11.5 7.9 1.2 5.3 8.6 3.9 1.6 Dam/pan 9.9 3.6 4.8 3.4 6.6 2.7 1.1 Rain water 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 Spring water 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 Other 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.5 Unknown 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

KCS AND SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS

�Established in 1982

�Were alarmed by the prospect of losing the country’s important legacy of rich and diverse flora and fauna

HotspotsHotspotsHotspotsHotspots

Research & AnalysisResearch & AnalysisResearch & AnalysisResearch & Analysis

Negotiations between

stakeholders

Changes in policy, land

use zoning or management guidelines

Public Education and

Awareness Raising

Improved condition of Natural Resources

Benefits & ownership for

communities

Better/more natural

resource management by communities

Develop a KCS Stand

Test & demonstrate management options

Situation analysisSituation analysisSituation analysisSituation analysis

Changes in attitude,

behaviour & NRM

Objectives &Strategies of KCSObjectives &Strategies of KCSObjectives &Strategies of KCSObjectives &Strategies of KCSObjectives &Strategies of KCSObjectives &Strategies of KCSObjectives &Strategies of KCSObjectives &Strategies of KCS

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WHAT ROLES DO SOCIAL GROUPS PLAY?

TWIN EXPECTATIONS FROM GOVERNMENT

SOCIAL WATCH ROLE SERVICE DELIVERY

REQUIRES

TRANSPARANCY

ACCOUNTABILITY

REPRESENTATIVE

COST EFFECTIVENESS

SUSTAINABLE SERVICE

DELIVERY

GOOD GOVERNANCE

ACT AS MONITORS OF THE PUBLIC GOOD &

SAVEGUARD THE INTERESTS OF THE

DISADVANTAGED SECTIONS OF

SOCIETY

EXPANDING ACCESS TO SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SERVICES

THAT CREATE JOBS AND ERADICATE

POVERTY

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS

�-they are independent of government and are or aspire to be self

governing

�-they rely on voluntary contributions (labor, materials, funds)

�-they are non-profit

�-they have a service orientation

�-they will not be constituted as a political party

�-they will not be a criminal or violent group

t

s

LLLLEEEESSSSSSSSOOOONNNNSSSS LLLLEEEEAAAARRRRNNNNTTTT – THROUGH SCHOOLS/ OUT OF SCHOOL YOUTH ORGANISATIONS, NETWORKS AND BASIN MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

�strengthening stakeholder participation in resource management �inculcate indigenous knowledge in Environmental Education programmes �Promote colearning �promote regional cooperation �improve environmental awareness and education �introduce incentives / disincentive for resource managemen �undertake research to fill information gap and create basis for informed decisionmaking. �Support to extra curriculum activities for social organisation �fostering standing relationship with water authorities through networks

YOUTH ORGANISATIONS

• The Botswana Youth Water Action Team (BYWAT) – Membership comprise school going, out of school

– Chair is with a student at the University of BOTSWANA

• Undertakes water audits in schools – Assisted with established schools water ministers

– Held debates on water resources and planning at school level

– Environmental clubs monitors leaks and not only reports to the school management but to KCS

So much for trickle flow: 400 ℓ/h

Just for the time when there is no one in the school, @ P20.68/kℓℓℓℓ,,,, this costs P55 587.84 a year!

PROJECTS WITH NETWORKS • KCS is secretariat to Botswana Water Partnership, African Civil

Society on Water and Sanitation and Network for advocacy on water issues in Southern Africa

• Therefore coordinates projects that seeks to devolve responsibilities of a sound social, economical, political and environmental conservation, management and utilisation of the water resources to all stakeholders from being Govt. issue

• For instance undertook a campaign with BWP that involved campaigns at a national level through the use of mobile audiovisual means, i.e. highly conspicuous mobile information kits with an eyecatching and mind stimulating effect to facilitate, education and campaign by carrying generated messages on specially illuminable mobile screens mounted on mobile vehicles to the targeted groups of people.

• The equipments used also have available in them public address systems for use by well-hearsed peer educators. More than that, resource persons will accompany the equipments to backup and enhance the impressions made by mobile kits.

��NNoo mmaatttteerr tthhee ddiissttaannccee,, llaanngguuaaggee wwee ggeett tthheerree……

Taking You Beyond All Communication Network Barriers

��……aaccrroossss rriivveerrss,, tthhrroouugghh tthhee ssaannddyy ttrraacckkss……

��WWee uunniiqquueellyy ddrreessss yyoouurr mmeessssaaggeess aaccccoorrddiinngg ttoo tthhee ttaarrggeett aauuddiieennccee……bbuussiinneessss oorr ccaassuuaall,, yyoouunngg oorr oolldd……

The advantages of this

approach • Several synchronised messages can be carried

at the same time

• That is approach is eye catching, unique image creating and leaving a lasting impression in the minds of the viewers.

• The approach exciting and easy to elicit interest from all population strata.

• We believe with such a campaign tool “stakeholders have to close their eyes not to see us”.

• Provision of the platforms for curtain raiser performances to attract extra attention in defined local centres/ stations further pulls the masses.

Participation of SocialParticipation of Social

Organisations inOrganisations in

transboundary rivertransboundary river

basin management andbasin management and

developmentdevelopment

a case study from thea case study from the

Okavango River BasinOkavango River Basin

What is the Every River..

• The Every River has its People project is a unique initiative of shared river basin management approach. – It is “people centered”

– Looks at the management of the river basin in its entirety

– Realizes the ecological diversity and the uses

thereof, both existing and potentially

ACADIR Angola

Funded by:

Project Under

the auspices of:

Actors in basin management

• Levels – Local

– Catchment/sub-catchment

– Provincial/Basin

– National

– Transboundary/Regional

• Stakeholders of basin – Managers

– Users

– Regulators

– Facilitators

• Interests – Competing uses

– Complementary uses

– Single vs multiple uses

– Sovereignty and national development

– Room for collaboration – SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS?

From Conception to Implementation

•A reconnaissance stage established •In 1994 OKACOM was was undertaken •Info gathering and •Pressure developments eg water interpretation eg Community •Phase 1 commenced –line proposed in Namibia, tourism workshops, exchange visits, developments in Botswana, etc consultancies, existing material •undertake a socio •The river & delta community such as OKACOM material ecological survey sensitized •Info distribution and •NGOs (Okavango liaison group) •Developed approach to sharing – eg interaction with formed and roles defined implementation communities thru BWF, workshops, •OKACOM approached & accepted training & OKACOM pamphlets, synchronization in approach. Booklets, book, web site, etc •A partnership based on mutual •Links with Relevant RECOGNITION was born “the institutions eg OKACOM, ERP” Governments departments, other •A proposal made and received by NGOs and other initiatives SIDA •Formulation/CBOS,trusts,consevan cies,watch dog role

• Conception

(ideological formation)

• Inception

(Consultation and

partnership

identification)

• Implementation

(Achievements &

challenges)

Traditional area 3

♀ & ♂ Traditional area 4


♀ & ♂

Elected Regional

Councilors

Chairperson elected

Basin Forum structure

Traditional area 1


♀ & ♂

Traditional

Leader Chief

Village headmen / women

Rural community

Business CCI

Tourism Forum

NGO / Church

Key Ministries

Effective linkages/networks between different stakeholders

OKACOM A B N

n o a National Support Agents Line Ministries & NGOs

SADC

WSCU

g t m

o s iDistrict/Regional Gvmt

l w b

a a iBasin Forum n a

aBasin Stakeholderts

International

community

Opportunities and long term benefits of the organisations

Resource managers: • Trusts /conservancies

– With the trusts and conservancies communities take the responsibility of management NR within their conservancy area.

• Agroforestry • Aquaculture • Participate in weeds control • Education in schools and enterprise

development

Community voluntary service in weeds control

Community enterprise development

• Community tour operation

– Community camp sites

– Cultural tourism

• Craft development

– Develop and market together their products

– Undertake national and regional exhibitions

– Marketing of the basin and basin products

Linkages between OKACOM and BWF

Basin Community

Represented by the BWF and hold its meetings biannually to discuss matters of the basin

BWF is responsible for: Input into decision making on behalf of the basin communities Play a watch dog role on the use of the basin resources -Develop community plans for sound utilization of the resources e.g. community tour operation, crafts, backyard gardening.

OKACOM

Represented by Commissioners hold meetings biannually to discuss matters of the basin.

Okacom is responsible for Decision making e.g. on use of the basin & its resources -Policy development and Management Plans for the ORB -Project development e.g. the irrigation schemes proposals,TDA Link basin initiatives with riparian state policies and programmes and with the whole regions e.g.SADC.

Every River

Through

secretarial services

Okacom attending BWF Activities

BWF attending Okacom meetings

CONCLUSIONS

• We have to meet the felt/real needs of the social

institutions and not what we perceive to be their

needs in our conservation efforts

• Indigenous Knowledge is important to recognize

and understanding situations within community set

up especially when subsequent measures are to

operate with the set-up

• Social organizations are custodians of resources

and they have to be involved in the management of

resources

• Empower and invest in social organisations to

avoid apathy.

THANK YOU

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