51 QSi Lane Allison Park, PA 15101 (724) 779-5100 www.metalresources.net

High Performance Architectural Metals

Cost of Corrosion

Battelle Laboratories and the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) concur that in the United States alone, we spend $300 billion per year repairing metallic corrosion.

The Battelle study estimates that at least $100 billion of this cost can be avoided with proper material selection.

Stainless steel when properly specified decreases life cycle costs and increases sustainability.

Environmental Responsibility

Our philosophy regarding materials is to select a product that will last the useful life of the building with little or no maintenance. This usually results in the least long-term cost to the building owner. In addition, significantly less harm can be made to the environment by using permanent materials as opposed to more commonly used materials that require maintenance and replacement. Specifically, our portfolio of high performance metals serves this philosophy well. Beyond offering permanence, these materials are by

their nature, environmentally “green” materials.

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED)

• Established by the US Green Building Council

• Architects as well as government agencies are adopting LEED

• Consumers are embracing environmentally sensible products

• Stainless steel is at least 60% recycled

• Stainless steel will last the useful life of a building with little or no maintenance

• Stainless steel is 100% recyclable after the building is torn down

•With respect to LEED credits, our products are eligible for two to four points based on what material is selected, how it is used and where the building is located. Please contact us for assistance in pre-qualifying LEED points for your specific project

GREEN GLOBES

•Environmental Purchasing

•Reduced Heat Island Effect

•Energy Performance

•Reduced Energy Demand

•Minimal Consumption of Resources

•Building Durability, Adaptability and Disassembly

•Reduction, Reuse & Recycling of Demolition Waste

There are a number of ways in which our materials can contribute to the accumulation of Green Globes Design points: 

High Corrosion Resistance Favorable Properties Fire Resistant Durable Low Maintenance Easily Fabricated Variety of Surface Finishes Exceptional Aesthetics Low Environmental Impact

High Corrosion Resistance Favorable Properties Fire Resistant Durable Low Maintenance Easily Fabricated Variety of Surface Finishes Exceptional Aesthetics Low Environmental Impact

The Stainless Steel Solution

What is Stainless Steel?

• Stainless steel is an iron based alloy with a minimum chrome content of 10.5%

• An invisible chrome oxide film covers stainless steel’s surface and protects it from discoloration and rusting.

• Therefore a protective surface coating is not needed.

• More Chrome = More corrosion resistance

Anyone who is designing for:

Sustainability Unrivaled low lifecycle cost Low Maintenance Attractive Aesthetics Corrosion Resistance

Anyone who is designing for:

Sustainability Unrivaled low lifecycle cost Low Maintenance Attractive Aesthetics Corrosion Resistance

Who should consider specifying stainless steel for their designs?

Stainless SteelGrade Options

403410420

M artensiticFe-Cr alloy

409430441

FerriticFe-Cr alloy

304(L)316(L)

AusteniticFe-Cr-Ni alloy

44520% m in Cr

Super FerriticFe-Cr alloy

UNS S32003

Duplex AlloysFe - Cr - N

Com m on Stainless Steel C lassifications

When is grade selection an important consideration?

Type 316 with a matte finish on the restored Carousel at Santa Monica Pier

• Type 304 is sufficient for most all exterior applications

• Type 316 should be used in normal seacoast environments

• Specify 304L or 316L if welding will be employed

• Corrosive environments like seacoast locations subject to ocean spray and chemical processing plants may require higher alloys

• Any grade, including Type 430 may be used in interior applications

Grade Selection

Comparative properties of architectural metals

Yield Tensile Percent Density

Strength Strength ElongationStainless Steels

Austenitic - 304/316 .292 50,000 psi 85,000 psi 50%Ferritic - 445M2 .280 51,000 psi75,000 psi 30%

Duplex – UNS 32003 .279 80,000 psi100,000 psi 25%

OthersCarbon steel - 1020 .284 50,000 psi60,000 psi 30%Aluminum - 5005, H-16 .097 25,000 psi26,000 psi 5%Aluminum - 3003, H-14 .097 22,000 psi23,000 psi 8%Copper - Roofing 1/8 hard .321 28,000 psi36,000 psi 30%

Comparative properties of architectural metals

Coefficient of Melting Thermal Expansion Point

Stainless SteelsAustenitic - 304/316 9.6 X 10-6 2500° FFerritic - 445M2 5.4 X 10-6 2600° F

Duplex – UNS 32003 7.2 X 10-6 2550° F

OthersCarbon steel - 1020 7 X 10-6 2760° F

Aluminum - 5005, H-16 12.9 X 10-6 1220° F

Copper - Roofing 1/8 hard 11.3 X 10-6 1984° F

Factors effecting grade or finish selection

air pollutants humiditymarine salt rainfalldeicing salt wind

erosionquantity required temperature

Classification of service environments

rural industrialurban marine

Sustainability

• Stainless Steel is an outstanding sustainable material

• It is one of the few 100 plus year materials

• Scrap is a primary production input.

• It is 100% recyclable • Requires no coatings so it has no

VOC’s

Chrysler Building Completed in 1930

Type 302 (304 is the modern version) Stainless Steel

Cleaned twice, in 1961 and 1995

1995 cleaning involved replacing a few panels that exhibited pitting corrosion at the location of heating system exhausts

Its good to go for another 70 years - evidence of stainless steel’s low life cycle cost

Examples of relative corrosion resistance among architectural

metals.

At the LaQue lab facility in Kure Beach, NC. These test coupons are exposed

to the marine environment 820’ from

high tide.

304 SS (59 yrs.)

316 SS (59 yrs.)

Painted Cast Aluminum (12 yrs)

Painted Cold Rolled Carbon Steel (12 yrs.)

Corrosion ResistancePitting/Crevice corrosion

Resistance against pitting and corrosion is estimated with the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN):

W = % Cr + 3.3 x % Mo + 16 N*

Nickel does not prevent pitting/crevice corrosion, it just inhibits its growth.

*N = Nitrogen in Duplex Alloys

Corrosion Resistance Comparisons

Type Grade PRENDuplex UNS 32003*29.66

Super Ferritic T445M2* 26.06

Austenitic T316 (L)** 24.01“ T304 (L)** 18.25“ T301 16.50“ T201 16.50

Ferritic T430*16.50

*Also have enhanced resistance to stress corrosion cracking **Specify low carbon for welding

Corrosion Rate Comparison

at Kure Beach, NC

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

Kure Beach

Average Corrosion Weight Loss (mils/ yr)

Stainless Steel Galvalume Galvanized Steel Carbon Steel

Corrosion Rate Comparison

of Test Sites in Japan

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

Pacific Coast Sea of Japan Inland Industrial

Average Corrosion Weight Loss (mils/ yr)

304 Stainless Steel Aluminum Weathering Steel Carbon Steel

Stainless steel that is properly maintained has a nearly unlimited service life.

Durability?

Cladding technology has changed since 1930 but this stainless steel is still as bright as the day it was installed on the Chrysler Building over 78 years ago.

Durability?

Aluminum, zinc, galvanized steel and fiberglass have been performance tested along with the T316 stainless steel at temperatures exceeding 1,000°F. This test shows that significant failure begins on all materials except T316 stainless steel within five minutes of exposure to temperatures over 1,000°F. After 45 minutes the T316 stainless steel ladder is still standing while the gas supply for the test has run out.

Stainless Steel is low maintenance

Cleaning Guidelines:• Utilize natural rainwater• A mild detergent or degreasers can be used for more

tenacious spots. Thinners can be used for ink or paint.• Always rinse thoroughly after using any cleaning agent.• Test abrasives first. • Never use solutions containing chlorides, hydrochloric

acid, or muriatic acid.• Additional information is available at ssina.com

Stainless steel, on the other hand, can be cleaned. It will not fade, chalk or chip.

150 East 42nd Street, NYCJune 2008

Fabrication:Easily Manipulated

Stainless Steel

Fabrication• Requires different loads, weld

parameters, filler wires, cutting speeds, etc. than carbon steel

• Use good workmanship practices:• Lifted not dragged• Plastic film to protect surface• Protective storage • Dedicated equipment and production

area if possible

Stainless Steel

Cutting

• Incoming coils are slit to ordered width by the supplier.

• Shearing is the most common type of cutting during fabrication.

• Blanking, perforating, and nibbling are also effective forming operations.

Stainless Steel

Forming

• Most common method is brake forming

• Roll forming is also economical when large quantities are produced

• Press forming for drawn panels• Extrusion is possible but not

always practical due to tooling costs, finishing costs and geometry limitations

Stainless Steel

Design Considerations

• Stainless steel has a greater spring back than carbon steel

• Plastic coatings prevent galling (metal to metal contact) during fabrication. Plastic also protects the surface during handling. It is removed upon installation.

• Use stainless steel fasteners & clips– Prevents rusting and galvanic

corrosion

Stainless Steel

Welding, Brazing, Soldering

• Proper techniques can prevent distortion during joining.

• Specify low carbon grades where applicable

• Weld wire must be chemically compatible.

Stainless Steel

Welding

• The heat tint formed during welding is mechanically removed to prevent future corrosion. Traditional methods are glass bead blasting, flapper wheels, grinding, stainless steel wire brushes and pickling where feasible.

• Welding damages the finish. Ability to repair limited. Consider in design.

Stainless Steel

Choosing a Finish

• The project architect should specify the finish and identify it by its industry standard designation or its trade name if specifying proprietary finishes.

• Request control samples from the supplier.

• When high gloss or low gloss is an option, consider the application.

Stainless Steel

Industry Standard Finishes

Unpolished

Polished

No. 1 #3 Polish

2D #4 Polish

2B #6 Polish

Bright Anneal

#7 Polish

#8 Polish

Unpolished finishes are less directional. They range in appearance from rough & dull (no. 1) to smooth & dull gray (2D) or smooth & bright gray (2B), to a near mirror finish (Bright Anneal).

Polished finishes are produced by abrading the surface of the steel. They range in appearance from heavy, directional grit lines (#3, #4) to dull satin (#6), to reflective with some grit lines (#7), to reflective with faint grit lines (#8).

Our Variety of Rolled-in Metal Finishes Differ Distinctly In Appearance.

Its All About Reflectivity.

Stainless Steel

Rolled Specialty Finishes

Non-directional Directional

Abrasive Blasted Appearance

Embossed Patterns

Embossed PatternsCoined

TexturedCoined

Rolled finishes are made by passing a coil through a specially finished set of rolls. • Coined finishes are textured on only one side. • Embossed finishes are textured on two sides. • Abrasive Blasted Appearance finishes are non-

directional and one or two sided. • Textured finishes are two sided with the texture

reversed on the obverse side.

Stainless Steel

Other Specialty Finishes

• Colorized: black, blue, bronze, pink, gold and nickel silver

• Methods: anodic and sputter coated

• Graphic: etched patterns, custom artwork

Where can stainless steel be used?

• Any component of a building envelope. Roofing systems, curtain walls, column covers, rain screens, railings and grip bars as well as sun screens are all natural applications for stainless steel.

• Interior features that require a decorative element and durability such as elevator cabs, ceilings, sound proofing, wall treatments, tabletops and shelving.

• Any area where sustainability and lifecycle cost are key design criteria.

• Where fire resistance is important.

Jamaica Air-Tran TerminalJamaica, NY

Fletcher Allen Hospital Burlington, VT

Dallas Fort-Worth Airport International Terminal DDallas, TX

Central Los Angeles High School #9Los Angeles, CA

Central LA High School #9

Sharp HospitalSan Diego, CA

…..

Scottsdale Air CenterScottsdale, AZ

If you wish to learn more about Contrarian Metal Resources, please call or visit our website

• Contrarian Metal Resources

51 Qsi Lane

Allison Park, PA 15101• Metalresources.net• (866)-360-5100

51 QSi Lane Allison Park, PA 15101 (724) 779-5100 www.metalresources.net

High Performance Architectural Metals