EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN

INDIA

Topics Covered

1) What is Literacy?

2) Importance of Education,

3) Calculation of Literacy rate,

4) INDIA in World Literacy ranking,

5) INDIA’s Educational Development since Independence,

6) Variation of Literacy rate in INDIAN States,

7) Gender disparities,

8) Bihar literacy,

9) Kerala literacy,

10) Measures taken by INDIAN Government,

11) Our Survey.

What is Literacy ?

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO) has drafted the definition of literacy

as the "ability to identify, understand, interpret, create,

communicate, compute and use printed and written materials

associated with varying context’’.

International Literacy Day is celebrated each year on

8th September.

The National Literacy Mission defines literacy as acquiring

the skills of reading, writing and arithmetic and the ability

to apply them to one's day-to-day life.

Literacy is key for socio-economic development.

Importance of Education Imbibing(take in) values such as national integration, conservation of environment, women's equality. Literacy is a reasonably good indicator of development in a society. Improves ones Life standards and style. About 35% of world's illiterate population lives in India and, based on historic patterns of literacy growth across the world, India may account for a majority of the world's illiterates by 2020.

Literacy rate: The total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding. The survey is organized by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO).Survey is done and Literacy rate is calculated for every TEN years.1) Literacy rate2) Crude literacy rate3) Adult literacy rate (15+)

The literacy rate   has increased from 18.33% in 1951 to 64.84% in 2001. As per 2001 Census, the overall literacy rate of India is 65.38%. The male literacy rate is 75.96% and female literacy rate is 54.28%. As per the 2011 census India’s literacy rate is 74.04%. With Male literacy rate of 82.14%, Female Literacy rate of 65.46%.

INDIA’s position in World

India currently has the largest illiterate population of any nation on earth. A study done in 1990 estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at then-current rate of progress. The 2011 census indicated a 2001-2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%, which is slower than the growth seen during the previous decade. World average Literacy rate at present is 84%, Whereas India is having a Literacy rate of 74.04%.

Country Adult Literacy Rate Youth Literacy Rate

China 93.3% (2007) 98.9% (2004)

Sri Lanka 90.8 (2007) 98.0 %(2007)

Burma 89.9% (2007) 94.4% (2004)

Iran 82.4% (2007) 95% (2002)

World Average 84% (1998) 88% (2001)

India 74.04% (2011) 82% (2001)

Nepal 56.5 (2007) 62.7%(2007)

Pakistan 62.2 (2007) 73.9%(2007)

Bangladesh 53.5 (2007) 74%(2007)

Literacy rate since Independence India had a Literacy rate of 12% at the end of British rule in India during 1947. In 1944, the Government of British India presented a plan, called the Sergeant Scheme for the educational reconstruction of India, with a goal of producing 100% literacy in the country within 40 years, i.e. by 1984. Parliament has passed the Constitution 86th Amendment Act, 2002, to make elementary education a Fundamental Right for children in the age group of 6–14 years.

GENDER DISPARITIES This difference between male and female literacy rates is getting reduced. Kerala stands first in female Literacy rate with 87.7% in 2001 census and 92% according to 2011 census. Average female Literacy rate in India during 2001 census is 53.67% and during 2011 census is 65.46%. The Female literacy rate shows a decadal change of 11.79%, which is greater than the decadal change in Male literacy rate which is about 6.88%.

Historically,a variety of factors have been found to be responsible for poor female literacy rate

1) Gender based inequality.2) Social discrimination and economic exploitation.3) Occupation of girl child in domestic chores.4) Low enrolment of girls in schools

Universalisation for Elementary Education is introduced to overcome the hurdles.

Bihar literacy Bihar has the lowest literacy rate in India and, in the 2011 census, was the only Indian state where the less than 65% of the population was literate. However, the literacy rate is rising: 39% in 1991 to 47% in 2001 to 63.8% in 2011. Department of Adult Education of Bihar won a UNESCO award in 1981.

International Reading Association Literacy Award (for

Meritorious Work in Literacy)/UNESCO/

 

Year : 1981

Prize winner : Department of Adult Education of the State

of Bihar

Medal : Silver Medal

Award : US$ 2,500

Kerala Literacy:

Kerala undertook a "campaign for total literacy in

Ernakulam district with the help of voluntary groups, social

activists and others On February 4, 1990.

The Government of Kerala then replicated the

initiative on a statewide level, launching the Kerala State

Literacy Campaign.

MEASURES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT: Problems being faced are listed below:

1) high drop-out rates 2) low participation of girl students 3) inadequate school infrastructure 4) teacher absenteeism rate high 5) large-scale teacher vacancies 6) lack of public involvement in provisioning of educational services 7) variation in the literacy rates for the Special Groups of citizens

In order to overcome all these hurdles Indian government

has undertaken revolutionary programs such as:

1) NATIONAL LITERACY MISSION:

The National Literacy Mission, launched in 1988, aimed at

attaining a literacy rate of 75 per cent by 2007. The Total

Literacy Campaign is the principal strategy of the NLM for

eradication of illiteracy.

2) SARVA SIKSHA ABHIYAN:

The Sarva Siksha Abhiyan was launched in 2001 to

ensure that all children in the 6–14 year age-group attend

school and complete eight years of schooling by 2010.

The centrally sponsored District Primary Education

Programme, launched in 1994, had opened more than

160,000 new schools by 2005,

3) MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME: Of the estimated 205 million child population in the age group 6–14 years on March 1, 2002, nearly 82.5% were enrolled in schools. However, the drop-out rate in 2002-03 was 34.9% at the primary level and 52.8% at the upper primary level. Launched in 1995. Under this scheme lunch was supplied to pupils of government aided schools. This scheme is mainly designed to attract children from poor families. Due to problems in execution of this scheme led to increase in Drop-out rate.

A Government school in Nellore :BOYS/GIRLS

YEAR SC ST BC GENERAL TOTAL

2008-09 15/22 2/3 24/29 ------- 97

2009-10 14/22 3/3 26/29 ------- 97

2010-11 21/26 3/3 24/31 1/2 111

A.A.N.M & V.V.R.S.R High school -Andhra Pradesh

YEAR TOTAL BOYS

TOTAL GIRLS

NEW ADMI-SSIONS (LKG)

TOTALSTRENGTH

2009-10 423 371 110{ 64/46 }

794

2010-11 519 382 121{ 72/49 }

901

Following are some statistics from Kothagudem District of ANDHRA PRADESH

Sl.No Name of the Village Name of the School

No.of Teachers No.of Students

Male Female Total Boys Girls Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Gundepudi PS Vengannapalam 0 2 2 20 28 48

2 Gundepudi PS Veerabhadrapuram 2 0 2 15 6 21

3 Gundepudi PS Ramachandrapuram 2 0 2 20 18 38

4 Gundepudi PS Gundepudi 1 1 2 30 34 64

5 Gundepudi UPS Kotha Suraram 5 1 6 83 55 138

6 Gundepudi ZPSS Gundepudi 7 2 9 122 107 229

7 Julurupad PS Koya colony 2 0 2 11 17 28

8 Julurupad PS Yerra thanda 2 0 2 10 20 30

9 Julurupad PS Julurupad 2 1 3 32 28 60

10 Julurupad ZPSS Julurupad 9 5 14 212 139 351

11 Kakarla PS Gandhinagar 1 0 1 4 19 23

12 Kakarla PS Shambunigudem 1 0 1 8 7 15

13 Kakarla PS Moddulagudem 2 0 2 10 12 22

14 Kakarla PS Ramakrishnapuram 1 0 1 5 11 16

15 Kakarla PS Kakarla 2 3 5 68 54 122

16 Kakarla PS Kakarla ( HW) 2 1 3 48 42 90

17 Kakarla PS Dubbathanda 2 0 2 12 10 22

18 Kakarla GPS Gangaram thanda 1 0 1 18 13 31

19 Kakarla UPS Anantharam 4 0 4 48 56 104

20 Kakarla ZPSS Kakarla 6 6 12 82 96 178

INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION

Data collection: K.Samuel

Editing the Data & Preparing Graphs: J.Kamal Kumar, K.Samuel

Statistics from Schools: C.Sai Phalgun, K.Samuel

THANK YOU