SPANISH

Education during the Spanish

Regime and Its Colonial Effects to the Filipinos

During the Spanish Colonial Period of the Philippines (1565-1898) most of the archipelago underwent a deep cultural, religious transformation from various native Asian cultures and traditions with Islamic or animist religious practices, to a unique hybrid of Southeast Asia and Western culture including the Catholic faith.

Spanish education played a major role in that transformation. The oldest universities, colleges, vocational schools and the first modern public education system in Asia were created during the colonial period.

Education was still in the early stage of development during the Spanish period. Even by the late 19th century, the Spanish language was still unknown to a great majority. They were literate in their own native dialects.

The Spanish aristocracy tried to distinguish themselves from the indios with the use of language and level education.

THE EARLY PERIOD

During the early years of Spanish colonization, education was mostly religion-oriented and controlled by the Roman Catholic Church. Spanish friars and missionaries educated the natives through religion with the aim of converting indigenous populations to the Catholic faith.

System of Writing during the Spanish Regime was Latin Alphabet.

ALBOLADORA

The Augustinians opened a school immediately upon arriving in Cebú in 1565.

Augustinians Friars

The Franciscans arrived in 1577, and they, too, immediately taught the people how to read and write, besides imparting to them important industrial and agricultural techniques.

Franciscans Friars

The Jesuits who arrived in 1581 also concentrated on teaching the young. When the Dominicans arrived in 1587, they did the same thing

Jesuits Priests

The friars were effective in evangelizing the Catholic religion to the Filipinos. One major failure of the educational system of the religious congregations was the withholding of the Filipinos to learn other bodies of knowledge.

Education during the Spanish regime was privileged only to Spanish students. Several

educated Filipinos referred to as ilustrados began movements directed towards change in the

system of government in the Philippines.

The Chinese language version of the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine) was the first book printed in the Philippines in about 1590 to 1592.

Tomas Pinpin VILLASANTA

In 1610 Tomas Pinpin a Filipino printer, writer and publisher, who is sometimes referred as the "Patriarch of Filipino Printing", wrote his famous Librong Pagaaralan nang manga Tagalog nang Uicang Castilla, that was meant to help Filipinos learn the Spanish language.

The prologue read:

“Let us therefore study, my country men, for although the art of learning is somewhat difficult, yet if we are persevering, we shall soon improve our knowledge.

Other Tagalogs like us did not take a year to learn the Spanish language when using my book. This good result has given me satisfaction and encouraged me to print my work, so that all may derive some profit from it.”

Tertiary Schools

Colegio de Santa Potenciana was the first school and college for girls that opened in the Philippines, in 1589. It was followed by another school for women, Colegio de Santa Isabel, that opened in 1632.

Other Schools and Colleges for girls were Santa Catalina, Santa Rosa, La Concordia, etc. Several religious congregations also established schools for orphaned girls who could not educate themselves.

Colegio de Santa Isabel

Colegio de Santa Rosa

In 1590, the Universidad de San Ignacio was founded in Manila by the Jesuits, initially as the Colegio-Seminario de San Ignacio.

The Universidad de San Carlos was founded in Cebú by the Jesuits on August 1, 1595, initially named as the Colegio de San Ildefonso.

It closed down in 1769 as a result of the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Philippines and didn't open again until 1783.

ABRIAM

On April 28, 1611, the Universidad de Santo Tomás was founded in Manila, initially named as the Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario and later renamed as Colegio de Santo Tomas. 

In 1611, Fray Miguel de Benavides, the third archbishop of Manila established the Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santissimo Rosario, later renamed Universidad de Santo Tomas (in 1645 by Pope Innocent X). Universidad de Santo Tomas

Archbishop Fray Miguel de Benavides

Pope Innocent X

San Carlos and Santo Tomás maintain a friendly rivalry over the claim to be the oldest university in Asia. The University of San Carlos makes the claim of tracing its roots to the Colegio de San Ildefonso founded by the Spanish Jesuits fathers Antonio Sedeno, Pedro Chirino and Antonio Pereira in 1595.

The Jesuits also founded the Colegio de San José (1601) and took over the management of a school that became the Escuela Municipal (1859, later renamed Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865, now the Ateneo de Manila University).

The Dominicans on their part had the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán(1620) in Manila. All of them provided courses leading to different prestigious degrees, like the Bachiller en Artes, that by the 19th century included science subjects such as physics, chemistry, natural history and mathematics.

BANAAG

In 1621, College of San Ignacio was elevated to the rank of a university by Pope Gregory XV and was named University of san Ignacio. However, this school was closed in 1768 when the Jesuits were expelled from the country.

Pope Gregory XV

The Franciscans nuns was established the Real Monasterio de Santa Clara (now St. Claire Convent of Manila), the first nunnery in the Philippines in 1621.

San Juan de Letran for the orphaned boy established in 1630.

San Juan de Letran

The girls were also given special education. Schools were of two kinds:

•COLEGIO - a regular school for girls

•BEATERIO – a combined school and nunnery. The first college for girls in the Philippines was the College of Santa Potenciana (1594). After the school ceased its operations, the students transferred to College of Santa Isabel, now the oldest existing college for girls in the country. The institution was originally built to care for orphaned Spanish girls. Eventually, it became an exclusive school for the daughters of affluent Spaniards.

In 1640, the Universidad de San Felipe de Austria was established in Manila. It was the first public university created by the Spanish government in the Philippines. It closed down in 1643.

During the 18th century, the Faculty of Jurisprudence and Canonical Law was established.

In 1871, several schools of medicine and pharmacy were opened.

SECONDARY SCHOOLS

A Nautical School was created on January 1, 1820 which offered a four-year course of study (for the profession of pilot of merchant marine) that included subjects such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, physics, hydrography, meteorology, navigation and pilotage. A School of Commercial Accounting and a School of French and English Languages were established in 1839.

YUSON

The Don Honorio Ventura College of Arts and Trades (DHVCAT) in Bacolor, Pampanga is said to be the oldest official vocational school in Asia. Augustinian Friar Juan Zita and civic leader Don Felino Gil established the vocational school on November 4, 1861.

The Manila School of Agriculture was created in 1887, although it was unable to open its doors until July 1889.

Agricultural schools and monitoring stations, run by professors who were agricultural engineers, were also established in Isabela, Ilocos, Albay, Cebú, Iloílo, Leyte and parts of Mindanao.

The Real SociedadEconómica de los Amigos del País de Filipinas (Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines) was first introduced in the islands in 1780, and offered local and foreign scholarships to Filipinos, professorships and financed trips of scientists from Spain to the Philippines.

The Observatorio Meteorológico del Ateneo Municipal de Manila (Manila Observatory) was founded in 1865 by the Jesuits after an article they published in the newspaper Diario de Manila, describing typhoon observations made on September 1865, attracted the attention of many readers who publicly requested for the observations to be continued.

MODERN PUBLIC

SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

Modern public school education was introduced in Spain only in 1857.

Free access to modern public education by all Filipinos was made possible through the enactment of the Education Decree of December 20, 1863 by Queen Isabella II.

The Education Decree of 1863 provided for the establishment of at least two free primary schools, one for boys and another for girls, in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government. It also commended the creation of a free public normal school to train men as teachers, supervised by the Jesuits.

One of these schools was the Escuela Normal Elemental, which, in 1896 became the Escuela Normal Superior de Maestros de Manila (Manila Ordinary School for Schoolmistresses). The Spanish government established a school for midwives in 1879, andEscuela Normal Superior de Maestras (Superior Normal School) for female teachers in 1892.

INGENTE

Educational

Decree 1863

1. The first educational system for students in the country was established by virtue of the Education Decree of 1863.

2. The decree required the government to provide school institutions for boys and girls in every town.

3.Spanish schools started accepting Filipino students

4.The Normal School was also established.

5.The friars controlled the educational system during the Spanish times.

6. The missionaries took charge in teaching, controlling and maintaining the rules and regulations imposed to the students.

7. The schools before were exclusive for the Spaniards. The Filipinos were only able to enter the school in the late 19th century

Effects of Colonial

Education in the

Philippines

The effect of education to the Filipinos was only compelled to the friars' influences from their lessons based on the Christian Doctrines or teachings

One major failure of the educational system of the religious congregations was the withholding of the Filipinos to learn other bodies of knowledge.

In entirety, education during the Spanish regime was privileged only to Spanish students. The supposed Philippine education was only a means to remain colonizers.

Meanwhile, several educated Filipinos referred to as ilustrados may considered one of the major effects of education in the Philippines.

CANTONG

EDUCATION IN SPANISH ERA

-education was “religion centered”-education for the elite only-Spanish is compulsory-boys and girls school are separated-inadequate, suppressed and controlled

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING !

GROUP 1 KIMBERLY ALBOLADORA

FRANCESS ANGELU VILLASANTACHRISTINA ABRIAMJUNALYN BANAAGRIZZA MAE YUSON

MA. ANDREA INGENTELORENA CANTONG