education book final
TRANSCRIPT
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EDUCATION:Springboard
to Employment and Higher EarningsA 2010 Census Analytical Brie
Introduction
Between July and August 2012, more than 10,000athletes rom 204 countries participated in over300 events at the 30th Olympiad in London,England. Bermuda sent eight athletes to compete
in the ollowing events: equestrianism, longjump, sailing, swimming and triathlon. Aeryears o training, commitment and sacrices,these athletes were able to participate on theworld stage. For many o the Olympic medalists,returning home has provided a heroes welcomeand the opening o doors o opportunities withsocial, economic and nancial benets. Usingan analogy, success gained at the Olympics byathletes is like attaining academic certicates aer
years o dedication and hard work. Similarly,higher academic qualications can also be aspringboard to more employment options andhigher earnings.
Te level o educational attainment is one othe most important actors inuencing socio-economic well-being. Ones level o educationcan inuence the types o occupations availableto him/her and ultimately the amount o incomethat could potentially be earned. AlthoughBermudas residents have made progress ineducational attainment, signicant dierencesremain as it relates to geographical location,age, race, and gender, or example. Te 2010Census counted 38,277 Bermuda residents agedbetween 25 and 64 years, up rom 36,726 in 2000(See below What you should know about thisbrie). Tis brie presents the ndings o the
census questions that relate to the highest level oacademic qualications/educational attainmentand title o degree across selected demographiccharacteristics o this particular populationgroup.
In the Bermuda 2010 Census, educational
attainment was gathered or the populationaged 16 years and over. However, many youngpersons aged 16 to 24 years are still enrolledin an academic institution. Tereore, theircurrent level o education would understatethe qualications that they would bring to thelabour orce. Consequently, this analytical brieon education ocuses primarily on the academicattainment o the population aged 25 to 64 years.From a lie cycle point o view, this age group
is old enough to obtain a university degree andyoung enough to work.
What you should know about
this brie
At the end o Bermudas 2010 Population andHousing Census data collection period, therewere roughly 4,400 outstanding householdsor which data had not been obtained. o
address this undercount, and in alignmentwith statistical best practices, administrativedata sources were utilized to impute importantdemographic data items, such as age, sex,date o birth, Bermudian status, employmentand race. Tereore, census records or 1,106households comprising 2,551 persons wereimputed or these demographic variables.
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Tis imputation reduced the undercounto outstanding households and resulted inthe Department o Statistics successullyobtaining a rate o 96% coverage o householdsduring the 2010 Census. However, educationdata was not imputed and thereore the
education tables within this brie will shownon-response or the 1,609 persons 25 to 64years o age or whom data was not collected.
Te ndings in this report are basedon sel-reported data collected in the2010 Population and Housing Census.Occasionally, comparisons are made with the
2010 Census highlights or the population aged 25 to 64 years
In 2010, 15% o Bermudas population 25 to 64years o age had no academic certicates.
As educational attainment increases,median income rom main job rises.
Bermuda ranked 20th amongst the 34 OECDcountries as 31% o 25 to 64 year olds hadachieved a university degree.
Persons who possessed a universitydegree and worked as senior ofcialsor managers earned the highest medianincome o $117,866.
Te total number o persons with a university
degree increased by 29% rom 2000 to 2010.
O the persons that became parentswhile a teenager, 29% had no academic
certicates and were employedprimarily as clerks.
In 2010, 45% o the white population 25 to64 years had a university degree compared to22% o the black population.
Te unemployment rate or personswith no academic qualications reached6.7% in 2010.
In 2010, 47% o non-Bermudians hadcompleted a university degree compared to25% o Bermudians.
2000 Census data. Also, note that proessionaldegrees/designations such as Certied PublicAccountant are excluded rom the analysis oacademic qualications.
Note: Percentages may not add to 100% due
to rounding.For supporting data reerenced in thisanalytical brie but not displayed in a table orgraph, please contact the Social Division atthe Department o Statistics.
Nearly one in every six persons
had no academic certifcates
Figure 1 shows the geographic distribution othe 5,683 persons aged 25 to 64 years who hadnot received any ormal academic certicates/
Profle o Bermudas level o educational attainment
qualications across Bermudas 245 censusdistricts. Te map shows that the largestconcentrations o persons with no academicqualications were in north-eastern City oHamilton and eastern Pembroke.
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More than hal o adults had
completed post-secondary
education
Te 2010 Census data shows that or the rst timea majority o the prime working-age population(25 to 64 years) had post-secondary/tertiarycerticates. Teir share rose marginally rom50% in 2000 to 52% in 2010 (able 1) and stoodat 19,171 persons by 2010. Between 2000 and
2010, there were variations across the levels o
post-secondary qualications. For example, the
proportion o the population aged 25 to 64 withat least a bachelors degree climbed rom 24%
in 2000 to 31% by 2010. Te share o diploma/
associate degree holders also increased during
the decade rom 8% to 10%. In contrast, the
proportion o technical/vocational certicate
holders dropped rom 18% in 2000 to 11% in
2010.
Population Aged 25 - 64 Years with No Academic Certificates by Census District, 2010
SANDYS
SOUTHAMPTON
WARWICK
PEMBROKE
Cityof Hamilton
DEVONSHIRE
SMITH'S
HAMILTON
ST. GEORGES
PAGET
Town of St. George
HAMILTON
Source: Population and Housing Census, 2010
1 dot = 1 person with no academic certicates
Legend
Note: dot placement is random within each census district.
N
Figure 1
Across Bermuda, almost one in six people (15%)had no academic qualications in 2010 downrom 22% in 2000 (able 1). At the parish level,Pembroke and St. Georges had the greatestproportion o persons without any academicqualications at 20% in 2010 whereas Paget hadthe least at 10%.
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Population aged 25-64 years by highest academic qualifcation, Bermudian status and sex, 2010 and 2000
2010 2000
% % % % % %
Highest academic qualifcation Number Total BermudianNon-
BermudianNumber Total Bermudian
Non-Bermudian
Percentagechange
Both sexes
otal 38,2771 1002 100 100 36,726 100 100 100 +4
Non-tertiary 16,164 44 49 31 18,096 49 56 32 -11
None 5,683 15 17 12 7,951 22 25 13 -29
High school certicate 10,481 29 33 19 10,145 28 31 19 +3
ertiary 19,171 52 47 64 18,211 50 43 67 +5
College degree (2 years) 7,860 21 23 18 9,424 26 25 27 -17
echnical/ vocational certicate 4,206 11 11 13 6,562 18 18 19 -36
Diploma/ associate degree 3,654 10 12 5 2,862 8 8 8 +28
University degree (4 years) 11,311 31 25 47 8,787 24 18 40 +29Bachelors degree 8,171 22 17 35 6,509 18 13 30 +26
Masters degree 2,860 8 7 10 2,081 6 4 9 +37
Doctorate degree 280 1 1 1 197 1 ** 1 +42
Other/ Not stated 1,333 4 3 5 419 1 1 2 +218
Men
otal 17,797 100 100 100 17,822 100 100 100 **
Non-tertiary 8,726 49 55 36 9,257 52 60 32 -6
None 3,560 20 22 16 4,522 25 30 14 -21
High school certicate 5,166 29 33 20 4,735 27 30 18 +9
ertiary 8,403 47 42 60 8,322 47 39 66 +1
College degree (2 years) 3,560 20 21 18 4,132 23 22 26 -14
echnical/ vocational certicate 2,189 12 12 14 3,029 17 16 20 -28Diploma/ associate degree 1,371 8 9 4 1,103 6 6 6 +24
University degree (4 years) 4,843 27 21 42 4,190 24 17 40 +16
Bachelors degree 3,585 20 15 31 3,152 18 13 29 +14
Masters degree 1,111 6 5 9 916 5 3 9 +21
Doctorate degree 147 1 1 1 122 1 1 1 +20
Other/ Not stated 668 4 3 5 243 1 1 2 +175
Women
otal 18,871 100 100 100 18,904 100 100 100 **
Non-tertiary 7,438 39 44 25 8,839 47 52 32 -16
None 2,123 11 13 8 3,429 18 20 12 -38
High school certicate 5,315 28 32 18 5,410 29 31 20 -2
ertiary 10,768 57 53 70 9,889 52 47 67 +9
College degree (2 years) 4,300 23 25 18 5,292 28 28 27 -19
echnical/ vocational certicate 2,017 11 11 11 3,533 19 19 18 -43
Diploma/ associate degree 2,283 12 14 7 1,759 9 9 9 +30
University degree (4 years) 6,468 34 28 52 4,597 24 19 40 +41
Bachelors degree 4,586 24 19 39 3,357 18 13 31 +37
Masters degree degree 1,749 9 8 12 1,165 6 5 8 +50
Doctorate degree 133 1 1 1 75 ** ** 1 +77
Other/ Not stated 665 4 3 5 176 1 1 1 +278
1 otal includes 1,609 persons or which there is no data. Source: Population and Housing Censuses, 2000 and 20102 Te denominator or the percentage distribution is 36,668 (38,277 - 1,609).
** Less than 1%
Table 1
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Greater proportion o women
had university degrees
Te total number o university degree holdersincreased by 29% over the decade 2000 to 2010(able 1). Te proportion o men and women
with university degrees was equal in 2000 at24%. However, by 2010, women had the higherproportion with degrees (34%) compared to men(27%).
Bermudians trail non-Bermudians
in proportion with university
degrees
In 2010, the proportion o the Bermudianpopulation aged 25 to 64 years without a highschool certicate (17%) was 5 percentagepoints higher than the proportion o the non-Bermudian population (12%) (able 1). Incontrast, nearly hal or 47% o non-Bermudianshad completed a university degree compared to25% o Bermudians. Te higher percentage onon-Bermudian degree holders reects directlythe recruitment o workers rom overseas to llpositions at the proessional, senior ofcial and
managerial levels.
Although non-Bermudians were nearly twice aslikely to have a university degree as Bermudiansin 2010, Bermudians made equal proportionalgains (7 percentage points) as non-Bermudiansrom 2000 to 2010. Also, the proportion oBermudians with no academic certicatesdecreased by 8 percentage points compared toone percentage point or non-Bermudians overthe decade.
O the Bermudian population, 22% o men aged25 to 64 years were without a high school certicatein comparison to only 13% o Bermudian womenin the same age group (able 1). On the otherhand, 21% o Bermudian men had attained auniversity degree while 28% o their emalecounterparts had acquired the same certication.In contrast, 42% o non-Bermudian men aged
25 to 64 years were degree holders compared to
52% o non-Bermudian women. At the oppositeend o the academic ladder, non-Bermudian menwere twice as likely (16%) to have no academiccerticates compared to their emale colleagues(8%).
Whites are twice as likely to have
a university degree than blacks
In 2010, 18% o the black population 25 to 64years had no academic qualications (Figure 2).Tis was 6 percentage points higher than whitesand 2 percentage points higher than persons omixed and other races. Almost hal, or 45%, o
the white population had a university degreecompared with less than one-quarter or 22%o blacks and a third o persons o mixed andother races. Between 2000 and 2010, each raceincreased their proportion o having attained atthe degree level and decreased their proportion
at the no academic certicate level.
An analysis by race and Bermudian status showsthat in 2010 only 36% o white Bermudians
had degrees compared to 55% o white non-Bermudians. Similarly, black Bermudians witha degree (20%) trailed black non-Bermudian
degree holders (32%).
Persons 25 to 34 years most
likely to have university
degrees
As age increases, the proportion o personsholding a university degree declines. Figure 3shows that the population 25 to 34 years was twiceas likely to have a university degree than persons
55 to 64 years. Additionally, 10% o persons25 to 34 years had no academic qualicationscompared with 26% o persons 55 to 64 years.Also, note that the academic proles o 25 to 34
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year olds and 35 to 44 year olds are similar, with
the younger age group slightly more likely to have
a university degree. Close to 30% o persons aged
25 to 64 years had a high school certicate. Tis
nding was consistent throughout the ten-year
age groups.
Te percentage o young men 25 to 34 years
without any qualications was more than
three times (16%) the young women without
qualications (5%). However, irrespective o the
age group, a higher proportion o women had
attained a college or university degree in 2010
than men. Te most signicant dierence in
educational attainment occurred in the 25 to 34
age group where nearly hal o all women (48%)had a university degree compared to close to a
third (32%) o men.
17
26
28 28 29 29
11
13 14
11 12
40
37
26
20
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Percentage
Population aged 2564 years by highest academic qualification and age group1, 2010
9 97
0
5
10
2534 years 3544 years 4554 years 5564 years
None High school certificate Tech./voc. certificate Diploma/associate degree University degree
1 Excludes other/ not stated
qualifications. Source: Population and Housing Census, 2010
Figure 3
Figure 2
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Bermuda ranks 20th amongst
OECD countries with 31%
holding a university degree
Te Organization or Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) comprises 34 member
countries that span the globe. Te OECD providesan annual comparison o academic achievement
or its member countries. In 2010, Bermuda tied
with the OECD average o 31% o the population
aged 25 to 64 years with a university degree.
Tereore, as seen in able 2 below, this placed
Bermuda twentieth when compared with the
OECD average o 31%. Note that the gures
or all OECD countries and Bermuda include
the oreign-born population. However, when
only the Bermudian population is analysed, the
proportion o Bermudas population aged 25 to64 years that held a university degree slipped to25%.
Earnings
Persons with high level o
education earn more rom
main job
Te 2010 Census data revealed that persons withhigher levels o education earned more incomerom their main job in the orm o salaries, wages,tips, bonuses, commissions and net earnings romsel employment. able 3 displays the median
annual income persons earned rom their main
Proportion o the population aged 25 to 64 with a university academic
degree or the top 10 OECD countries and Bermuda
University degree
Rank Country Percentage
1. Canada 51
2. Israel 46
3. Japan 45
4. United States o America 42
5. New Zealand 41
6. Korea 40
7. Australia 38
7. Finland 38
7. United Kingdom 38
10. Norway 3710. Ireland 37
20. Bermuda 31
Note: Te OECD denition o tertiary education does not include trade or vocational certication.
Source: Organization or Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Education at a Glance2012, [cited October 1, 2012].(see table A1.3a)
Table 2
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Working population aged 25-64 years by median annual income rom main job1, demographic
characteristics and highest academic qualifcation, 2010
Highest academic qualifcation
Demographic
characteristicsTotal None
High school
certifcate
Tech./ voc.
certifcate
Diploma/associate
degree
Bachelors
degree
Masters
degree
Doctorate
degree
Other/ not
stated
Total $64,960 $47,356 $55,367 $58,689 $65,164 $87,522 $100,686 $119,647 $71,241
Age group
25 to 34 years old $61,053 $46,000 $49,275 $50,818 $58,867 $77,536 $89,700 $100,000 $64,444
35 to 44 years old $69,529 $48,667 $57,066 $57,424 $68,087 $93,086 $102,932 $110,182 $80,118
45 to 54 years old $66,664 $48,842 $57,528 $63,405 $67,306 $95,292 $106,310 $124,286 $72,462
55 to 64 years old $60,560 $45,790 $57,325 $60,764 $62,704 $95,753 $103,435 $146,400 $71,571
Sex
Men $65,238 $49,921 $56,390 $59,814 $66,761 $99,930 $122,102 $140,400 $72,136
Women $64,697 $41,762 $54,326 $57,345 $64,203 $80,763 $93,578 $109,091 $70,114
Race
Black $60,005 $45,716 $53,872 $57,366 $63,822 $80,640 $95,333 $114,316 $60,667White $82,205 $54,560 $67,583 $70,981 $72,835 $105,753 $115,019 $136,000 $91,385
Mixed and other $54,421 $42,726 $47,134 $45,628 $60,546 $70,632 $95,861 $118,500 $57,000
Bermudian status
Bermudian $63,105 $47,862 $55,889 $60,194 $64,944 $84,752 $96,746 $107,077 $66,327
Non-Bermudian $70,762 $46,212 $52,152 $55,330 $66,500 $91,623 $113,243 $150,857 $79,029
1 For persons working ull time (i.e. 35 hours or more per week). Source: Population and Housing Census, 2010
Table 3
job or ull-time (35 hours or more per week)workers aged 25 to 64 years.
In 2010, persons with no academic qualications,a high school certicate or a technical/vocationalcerticate all earned less than hal as much asdoctorate degree holders at 40%, 46% and 49%,
respectively. Furthermore, persons with diploma/associate degrees earned nearly three quarters or74% as much as persons with bachelors degrees,two thirds or 65% as much as masters degreeholders and 54% as much as doctorate degreeholders. Tese gures indicate that there is asignicant increase in earning power or personswho obtain a university degree.
Demographic analysis by income
rom main job
Highest earnings for older personswith doctorate degrees
Persons in each age group reported higher
annual incomes as their educational attainmentincreased. Te data revealed that persons withdoctorate degrees earned higher incomes. Incontrast, persons with no academic qualicationsearned the least across every age group (able 3).
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Both the lowest and highest earnings, on average,
were reported in the 55 to 64 year age group.Doctorate degree holders in the 55 to 64 year
age group earned more than three times theamount o persons in the same age group with no
academic qualications.
Interestingly, persons 55 to 64 years o age withhigh school certicates, technical/vocational
certicates, bachelors degrees and mastersdegrees all earned more than persons aged 25 to34 years who had attained one educational level
higher. For example, masters degree holders 55-64 years earn more than doctorate degree holders
25 to 34 years. Tis trend does not hold true orpersons aged 55 to 64 years with no academic
qualications and diploma/associate degrees. Te
ormer could possibly be explained by personsbeing compensated more or promotion basedon experience than educational attainment. Te
latter may reect that it is educational attainmentrather than experience that pays more.
Earnings gap narrows between men
and women
In both 2010 and 2000, men earned more romtheir main job than women at every level o
educational attainment (able 3). Te dierencein income declined signicantly rom a 13% gap
in 2000 to 1% in 2010. Tis can be attributed to theact that in 2010, men with no university degrees
earned 7% more than women with no universitydegrees, compared to 18% more in 2000.
However, men with university degrees earned28% more than women with university degrees
in 2010, an increase o 1 percentage point rom2000. Women with no academic qualications
earned the lowest and male doctorate degreeholders earned the most at more than three times
the amount.
Male university degree holders earned 108%
more than male non-university degree holders.Te dierence was less prominent or women, as
university degree holders earned 74% more thanthose without a university degree.
Earnings gap widens between
whites and blacks
Te earnings gap between whites and blackswidened during the intercensal period. Whitesearned 31% more in 2000 compared to 37% morein 2010. Tis is largely a result o a 9 percentage
point increase in earnings or white universitydegree holders over black university degreeholders rom 2000 to 2010. Te dierence inincome level was less signicant between non-university degree holders, as whites earned 4percentage points more than blacks over the sametime period. White doctorate degree holdersearned the most rom their main job and thosewith no academic qualications o mixed and
other races earned the least.
In total, persons o mixed and other races earnedtwo-thirds as much as whites, while blacks earnednearly three-quarters as much as whites. Whiteswith an academic qualication one level less thanblacks and persons o mixed and other racesearned more, on average, in every instance withthe exception o at the bachelor degree level orblacks and the doctorate degree level or mixedand other races. Whites, blacks and persons omixed and other races with a university degree
earned 75%, 79% and 94% more respectively thanpersons without a university degree.
Bermudians earn more at lower
educational levels
Bermudians who possessed lower academicqualications or none at all earned more romtheir main job, on average, than non-Bermudians(able 3). In contrast, non-Bermudians who had
attained a diploma/associate degree or higher
qualication earned more. Te earnings gapnarrowed slightly over the intercensal period,as non-Bermudians earned 12% more thanBermudians in 2010 compared to 13% in 2000.Non-Bermudian university degree holders earned20 percentage points more than Bermudianuniversity degree holders in 2010. However, at thenon-university degree level, the level o earnings
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or Bermudians compared with non-Bermudiansincreased by only 3 percentage points.
Bermudian university degree holders earned 68%more than Bermudian non-university degreeholders, demonstrating again the additionalearning power o possessing a university degree.
However, non-Bermudian university degreeholders ared even better, earning 115% morethan their non-Bermudian counterparts who didnot have a university degree.
University graduates earn more inwhite-collar occupations
Te data thus ar in this brie has demonstratedthat average income rom main job increasesas a persons level o education increases when
analyzing the data by age, sex, race or Bermudianstatus. However, a higher level o educationalattainment does not always result in a highermedian income or certain occupational groups.able 4 shows that the median annual incomeor university degree holders was higher in everyinstance than persons with lower educationalqualications in white-collar occupations suchas senior ofcials and managers, proessionals,technicians/associate proessionals and clerks.
However, in some instances, persons withlower educational qualications earned morethan university degree holders in blue-collaroccupations such as service and sales workers,skilled agricultural and shery workers, craand related trades workers, and plant, machineryoperators and assemblers.
White-collar workers with university degreesreceived higher earnings than those with lowerlevels o education. However, blue-collar workerswith university degrees were not the highestearners; some workers with lower levels oeducation earned more, on average. Tis dataperhaps reects that there are non-universitydegree holders compensated based on skillsand experience; and, there are university degree
holders underemployed due to the economicdownturn, thus, earning less.
Overall, able 4 shows that persons with auniversity degree working at the senior ofcial ormanagerial level earned the highest at $117,866.On the other hand, service and sales workerswith no academic qualications earned the leastat $36,703. Regardless o educational attainment,the median annual income or persons 25 to 64years old was $64,960.
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Working population aged 25-64 years by median annual income rom main job1, occupational
group and highest academic qualifcation, 2010
Highest academic qualifcation
Occupational group2 Total None
High
schoolcertifcate
Tech./ voc.certifcate
Diploma/
associatedegree
Universitydegree
Other/ notstated
Total $64,960 $47,356 $55,367 $58,689 $65,164 $87,522 $71,241
Senior ofcials and managers $87,864 $62,182 $70,825 $78,304 $79,736 $117,866 $91,500
Proessionals $85,284 $54,000 $66,923 $69,139 $68,848 $90,221 $89,760
echnicians and associateproessionals
$78,120 $62,857 $70,730 $68,941 $71,833 $104,069 $78,600
Clerks $56,424 $46,571 $54,023 $58,269 $60,506 $67,134 $55,909Service workers andshop/ market sales workers
$40,914 $36,703 $41,303 $43,139 $46,966 $41,089 $37,714
Skilled agricultural andshery workers
$45,115 $44,302 $44,943 $46,500 $55,000 $48,000 $51,000
Cra and related trades workers $54,256 $52,925 $52,836 $57,000 $59,063 $55,105 $54,600
Plant and machine operatorsand assemblers
$47,666 $44,673 $49,612 $48,968 $49,765 $43,500 $51,000
Elementary occupations $46,336 $45,088 $46,339 $49,000 * * *
1 For persons working ull time (i.e. 35 hours or more per week). Source: Population and Housing Census, 2010
2 Excludes Armed orces category with 12 persons.
* Represents less than 5 observations.
Table 4
Persons with law degrees earn
higher income levels rom main
job
In 2010, the most commonly selected eldso study reported by persons with associates,
bachelors, masters and doctorate degrees werebusiness (24%), accounting (9%), and education(9%).
Figure 4 shows the median income or the top 10most studied degree titles. According to the 2010Census data, persons who studied law earned themost rom their main job ($171,480). Te median
income rom ones main job or the populationaged 25-64 years with a degree was $87,810.Persons with degrees in inormation technologyand education received earnings below themedian income level. Apart rom the top 10 moststudied elds, technology degree holders had thelowest median earnings at $53,200 ollowed byart degree holders at $67,846. Note that degreeholders may not be employed in their eld ostudy; however, it does give an indication as towhich types o degrees lead to higher earningsrom the job chosen by the degree holder.
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$95,161
$98,975
$100,448
$100,643
$102,331
$122,000
$171,480
Humanities
Social sciences
Business
Engineering
Accounting
Economics
Law
Working population aged 2564 years by median income from main job1 and top 10 degree titles obtained, 2010
$75,219
$85,625
$93,955
$0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 $140,000 $160,000 $180,000 $200,000
Education
Information technology
Science
Employment
Greatest proportion o university
degree holders in white-collared
occupations
Te Bermuda Standard Classication o Occupationsaligns with international classications that requireminimum levels o education or diering
Figure 4
Figure 5
20
19
22
29
6
11
18
45
8
9
11
10
23
17
25
7
19
21
12
5
2
1
1
12
16
8
2
6
4
2
3
1
1
High school certificate
Tech./voc. certificate
Diploma/associate
degree
University degree
Population aged 2564 years by highest academic qualification and occupational group, 2010 1
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Senior official and managerial Professional Technicians/associate professional
Clerks Service, shop and market sales Agricultural and fishery
Craft and related trades Plant/machine operators/assemblers Elementary occupations
1 Excludes the Armed forces and
other and not stated qualifications. Source: Population and Housing Census, 2010
occupation types. Figure 5 shows that close tothree-quarters or 74% o persons holding degreeswere in the higher paying senior ofcial andmanagerial positions or proessional occupationscompared with only 15% o persons with noacademic certicates.
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University degree holders more
likely to be senior ofcials or
managers
University degree holders were the most likely tohold the highest paying senior ofcial/managerial
jobs (29%) and least likely to be employed in thelowest paying group o service workers and shop/sales workers (2%) (see Figure 5 and able 4).Conversely, persons with no academic certicateswere the least likely to be employed as seniorofcials or managers (13%) and most likely tobe employed as service workers and shop/salesworkers (26%).
In 2010, 74% of the working population comprisedBermudians and 26% non-Bermudians. Bermudians
with a university degree (29%) were more likelyto hold the highest paying senior ofcial/managerial jobs than non-Bermudian degreeholders (28%). However, non-Bermudians werenearly three times as likely to be employed in thelowest paying group o service workers and shop/sales workers.
Unemployment rates highest
or people with no academic
certifcates
Te 2010 Census counted 1,072 unemployedpersons aged 25 to 64 years, up rom 619 in 2000.In 2010, unemployment rates were highest orpersons with no academic qualications andlowest or persons holding degrees. Tis suggeststhat a higher education can be a springboard toemployment.
able 5 shows that the unemployment rateamongst persons with no academic qualicationsmeasured 2.7 percentage points higher thanpersons who graduated rom high-school, and5.0 percentage points higher than degree holders.Te total unemployment rate or persons aged 25to 64 years was 3.3%.
Te rates peaked at 7.6% or the male populationwho reported having no certicates. Inversely,the emale population experienced the lowestunemployment rates at all education levels,with the exception o at the degree level.When comparing by race, blacks had higherunemployment rates than whites at everylevel o education attainment. Unemploymentrates or the white population with no ormalqualications topped o at 3.0%, while theblack population was nearly triple the amount at8.7% and persons o mixed and other races wasat 4.8%. It is particularly noteworthy that theunemployment rate (10.7%) or black men withno certicates was nearly our times that o whitemen (2.7%) with the same academic standing.Tis is an area that may require urther study to
explain the stark dierence.
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Unemployment rates or the population aged 25-64 years by highest
academic qualifcation, sex and race, 2010
Race
Highest Mixed andacademic qualifcation Total Black White other1
Both sexes
otal 3.3 4.3 1.7 2.8
None 6.7 8.7 3.0 4.8
High school certicate 4.0 4.8 2.5 2.8
ech./voc. certicate 2.6 3.7 1.0 1.5
Diploma/associate degree 2.0 1.7 1.3 4.4
University degree 1.7 2.0 1.3 2.2
Other 2.2 3.4 1.2 1.5Not stated 3.5 6.8 1.0 0.0
Men
otal 3.9 5.9 1.7 2.4
None 7.6 10.7 2.7 4.4
High school certicate 4.4 5.8 2.7 2.0
ech./voc. certicate 2.7 4.4 0.8 1.0
Diploma/associate degree 2.6 2.7 0.7 4.3
University degree 1.7 2.4 1.2 1.9
Other 2.2 2.9 2.5 0.0
Not stated 5.2 10.5 1.8 0.0
Women
otal 2.7 2.9 1.8 3.2
None 5.0 5.4 3.6 5.5
High school certicate 3.5 3.9 2.3 3.8
ech./voc. certicate 2.4 3.0 1.3 2.4
Diploma/associate degree 1.7 1.1 1.6 4.4
University degree 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.4
Other 2.2 3.6 0.0 3.6
Not stated 1.4 2.9 0.0 0.0
1 Includes not stated Source: 2010 Census o Population and Housing
Table 5
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Educational and fnancial
benefts o delayed parenting
O the population aged 25 to 64 years, 3,711 or10% persons became parents during their teenageyears. O these persons, 40% had attained high
school certicates, 29% had no certicates, 22%had achieved a technical/vocational/diploma/associate degree and 7% possessed a universitydegree compared with 11,311 or 31% o the totalpopulation in this age group.
wenty-eight percent o persons who becameteenage parents held jobs as clerks while 25%were service/sales workers. Only 25% workedas proessionals or senior ofcials/managerscompared with 42% o the total population,
demonstrating the knock-on eect o receiving alower education than the total population. As withthe total population, teenage parents with higherlevels o educational attainment led to a higherincome rom their main job, with universitydegree holders earning 85% more on averagethan those with no academic qualications.
Conclusion
Tis brie examined the academic improvementsmade over the past decade, compared theacademic standing between subpopulations andexplored dierences in occupations and earningsbased on the highest academic qualication
achieved. Between 2000 and 2010, Bermudasprime working population aged 25 to 64 yearsmade signicant progress towards achieving ahigher level o educational attainment. Duringthe decade, the proportion o university graduatesgrew and this was oset by a contraction o theproportion o persons with no certicates andtechnical/vocational certicates. Te censusdata showed that university graduates were morelikely to be high-income earners working as
senior ofcials, managers or proessionals.
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