education and training add photo hre and replace this box main conclusions and challenges ahead...
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Education and Training
Education and Training
ADD PHOTO HREand replace this box
Main Conclusions and Challenges ahead
Andrejs Rauhvargers and David Crosier
Education and Training
Education and Training
Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
Education and Training
Eu
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EHEA Context
• Economic crisis: clear impact on funding and
jobs
• Expansion: continuing
• Demography: decline of younger populations
-> Bologna must be a response to these challenges
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Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
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Degree system
• Two cycle implementation improved: 37 green (26 in 2012)
• No single model in both cycles:
1st cycle: 180 to 240 ECTS / 2nd cycle: 60 to 120 ECTS
• Combined length 240 - 360 ECTS. Too large variations cause
recognition issues
• Short-cycle programmes: status and purposes differ
• Progression to the next cycle: additional courses &
examinations often required by some students.
Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
Education and Training
Access of first cycle graduates to the second cycle
Share of first-cycle students continuing studies in a second-cycle programme
Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
Education and Training
Qualifications frameworks
38 countries in 'green zone', but 10 others have not started implementation at institutional and programme level, and some show no progress since 2012.
2015Report
2012Report
24 10
14 13
7 18
0 2
3 4
Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
Education and Training
ECTS and student-centred learning• ECTS used for both accumulation and transfer
practically everywhere. • Although linking credits with LOs has progressed,
some (7) systems still mis-allocate credits on the basis of a combination of student workload and teacher-student contact hours.
• In a small group of countries student-centred learning is not mentioned in policy documents, and this approach to learning is not valued
Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
Education and Training
• All but one EHEA countries have ratified the LRC
• In 10 countries the main principles of LRC are specified in national legislation
• HEIs make most decisions upon recognition of qualifications and all decisions on credits gained abroad
• Revised ESG includes duty of the QA to monitor recognition
• Pathfinder group has demonstrated that automatic level recognition can be achieved with political commitment
• Recognition processes within HEIs can be facilitated by implementation of the European Recognition Area Manual for HEIs and relevant training activities
Recognition of qualifications and credits
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Quality Assurance
• Dynamic evolution continues...
• However, lack of systematic attention to social
dimension
• Participation of stakeholders sometimes still problematic
• Slow progress in allowing EQAR-registered agencies to
work across EHEA
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Openness to cross border QA
2015Report
8
4
8
5
23
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Student participation in QA
2015Repor
t
2012Report
14 117 1113 137 57 7
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Social Dimension
• Inclusive higher education remains a clear aspiration:
policy, action and monitoring less clear
• Gender: male student under-representation is an issue,
and particular study fields show strong imbalance
• Parental education: strong predictor of attainment
• Migrants: much less likely to attain a degree
• Commitment to policy with clear, measurable targets
(since 2007), but few countries have delivered…
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Education and Training
Lifelong Learning
• Still a necessity - because of changing economic,
demographic and social environment
• In 2/3 of countries, less than 6% of adults with higher
education obtained qualification over the age of 30
• Adult needs not sufficiently addressed in system planning
• Many systems have work to do on access, RPL, flexible
learning paths
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Education and Training
Outcomes and Employability
• Graduate jobs hit by crisis, although graduates are still better
off than lesser educated in 2/3 countries (reality not the same
everywhere in EHEA)
• Non completion rates worryingly high: 3 out of 10 fail to finish a
programme they start
• Measures such as labour market forecasting under-developed
• Employability of disadvantaged students/graduates ignored
Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
Education and Training
Internationalisation and mobility
• National strategy and action lacking, with countries tending to be reactive to developments (eg joint degrees, MOOCs)
• "With a view to promoting student mobility, Ministers will take the necessary steps to enable the portability of national loans and grants"
• Only 10 countries have full portability• Although mobility data are limited, little evidence of
significant change
Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
Education and Training
Balanced degree mobility?
High out + Low in
High in + high out
High in + low outLow out + low in
LIMITED
OPEN
CLOSED ATTRACTIVE
Date: in 12 ptsEducation and Training
Education and Training
• Thanks to everyone who contributed to the report: Eurostat, Eurostudent, Eurydice, BFUG
• Available online at EHEA & Eurydice websites
• Order printed copies: [email protected]