educating engineers in brazil: expansion vs. quality vs ...• actually, from enade 2008 data, 60%...
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Fapesp Week
Buenos Aires – Argentina
09/04/2015
Mesa-redonda: Desafios de la Educación Superior
Educating engineers in Brazil:
expansion vs. quality vs. employability
Renato H. L. Pedrosa
Dept. of Science and Technology Policy, Geosciences Institute
Laboratory of Studies in Higher Education - Unicamp
Science & Technology Indicators Program - FAPESP
(Ongoing research with Marcela Mazzoni - PhD candidate)
Source: Educação, crescimento econômico e produtividade do trabalho, R. H. L. Pedrosa,
Rede Formação para o Trabalho, Vol. 6, IPEA, Brasília, 2014
Source: Censo Educação Superior/MEC/INEP
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total Public Private282,000
225,00080%
110,00039% in for-profits
57,00020%
Engineering programs (strict sense)
Admissions 1995-2013
821.000
576.00069%
246.00031%
Source: Censo Educação Superior/MEC/INEP
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
900.000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total Public Private
Engineering programs (strict sense)
Enrollment 1995-2013
37.00028%
Source: Censo Educação Superior/MEC/INEP
106.00072%
143.000
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
Total
Public
Private
Total (projected)
Public (projected)
Private (projected)
38.00063%
Engineering programs (strict sense)
Degrees granted 1995-2013
Success rate Graduates year N over Admissions year N-5
Source: Censo Educação Superior/MEC/INEP
0,00
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
Total Public Private
Quality of education and employability
• According to the national assessment system (SINAES/ENADE), only about 28% of the graduating class are in programs at levels 4-5 (scores follow a 1-5 scale) (most recent assessment - 2011)
• Looking more carefully at the data, most of those graduating from programs with a score of 4 have not acquired very basic knowledge in engineering content
• Actually, from ENADE 2008 data, 60% of the graduating class performed worse than the freshman class of the top 20% group of programs (in the same test!!!)
• We expect to see a large increase in drop-out rates in engineering programs in 2015/2016, especially in the private system, due to the ongoing economic slowdown
• A running functional literacy study (Fundação Paulo Montenegro) indicates that only 35% of adults with secondary education and 62% of those enrolled in HE or with a HE degree should be considered fully literate. The situation has worsened since 2001 (figures were 49% and 76%, respectively, that year)
• A study conducted by IPEA (unpublished, 2014) showed that of engineering students graduating in 2011:• 28% were not working at the end of 2012• Only 32% of those that were employed had jobs in engineering and related fields• 55% were employed in jobs that did not require a higher ed degree
Fapesp Week
Buenos Aires – Argentina
09/04/2015
Mesa-redonda: Desafios de la Educación Superior
Educating engineers in Brazil:
expansion vs. quality vs. employability
Renato H. L. Pedrosa
Dept. of Science and Technology Policy, Geosciences Institute
Laboratory of Studies in Higher Education - Unicamp
Science & Technology Indicators Program - FAPESP
(Ongoing research with Marcela Mazzoni - PhD candidate)
Muchas gracías