AC VOLTAGE PROFILE

EDSA MICRO CORPORATION 16870 West Bernardo Drive, Suite 330

San Diego, CA 92127 U.S.A.

Copyright 2007

All Rights Reserved

Version 5.00.00

AC Voltage Profile

Table of Contents

Capabilities, Functions and Features........................................................................................ 1 AC Voltage Profiles ...................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction................................................................................................................................ 1 How To Create A Voltage Profile Job ................................................................................... 3 How To Run A Voltage Profile Job ...................................................................................... 14

Voltage Profile Results .............................................................................................................. 17

Note: You can view this manual on your CD as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file. The file name is:

AC Voltage Profile ACVP.pdf You will find the Test/Job files used in this tutorial in the following location:

C:\EDSAT2K\Samples\ACVoltProf = AC Voltage Profile

Test Files: Vprof VP1

Copyright 2001 All Rights Reserved

i

AC Voltage Profile

1

Capabilities, Functions and Features

Uses the Advanced Powerflow Engine to Simulate Power Systems Loads Defined in Multiple Time Periods

Simulate AC Transit Systems (e.g. Trains Systems, Metro Systems) Simulate Train Regeneration State Simulate Moving/Variable Loads User-Defined Time and Load Type in each Period Simulation of Plant Start-Up and Shut Down Process Simulate Motor Starting Process Time Period is Definable in Minutes or Seconds Evenly Spaced Time Step or User-Defined Time Step Supported Load Types are: Constant kVA, Constant Current, Constant Impedance or Exponential

function of Voltage for Each Time Step User-Defined Load/Train Position at Each Time Step Comprehensive Reporting, Text Output as Well as Graphical Display of Results Complete System Report at Each Time Interval

AC Voltage Profiles

Introduction

AC Voltage Profile Program extends the Object Oriented Load Flow program to simulate power systems with multiple time periods. The time and the load type and values in each period are user definable. The program can be used in simulation of plant start-up and shut down process, exact motor starting process, ac transit systems and other multi-periodS processes. The program in its present version is able to model up to 24 time periods in each job file. A time period is definable in minutes or seconds. This section illustrates how to create and run AC Voltage Profile jobs, assuming that the users are familiar with the EDSA Object Oriented Load Flow program. A sample voltage profile job is created and used for this illustration. The voltage profile program includes Motor Starting Bus and Transit System node types, in addition to all the node types available in the Load Flow program. The available branch types in the voltage profile program are the same as those in the Load Flow program. The following screen shows the node types available in the voltage profile program:

AC Voltage Profile

2

AC Voltage Profile

3

How To Create A Voltage Profile Job 1. Create a new job file.

Select File New.

Select Electrical One-Line Industrial.axt, then click .

AC Voltage Profile

4

Type vp1 in the file name field. The extension of this file is EPR. Click

2. Build Master File.

Enter up to seven lines project information. Enter Project Number then click Network Settings.

AC Voltage Profile

5

Enter Base KVA and Network Frequency. Select Units Type and Default Data Input Method unit. Select LF in Temperature in use and enter the LF Reference Temperature. Click Visibility.

Check View Voltage Profile and click .

AC Voltage Profile

6

Click Time Periods.

Select Time Units. Enter Number of Periods, (which can be up to 24). If the time periods are evenly spaced, check Evenly Spaced and enter the total time. Otherwise, leave Evenly Spaced unchecked and enter the time for each period. Click .

AC Voltage Profile

7

3. Build a drawing using the bus and branch specifications as follow: 3.1 For a Swing Bus, each period can have different Actual Voltages. This also applies to a UPS

SOURCE bus.

Enter Bus Label and System/Nominal voltage. Select S-Swing Bus for Load Characteristic. Select Voltage Units. Click Profile.

AC Voltage Profile

8

Enter actual L-L voltage for each period. Click . 3.2 For a Constant KVA Bus, period loads can be defined. This also applies to Constant Current and

Constant Impedance buses.

Click Profile.

AC Voltage Profile

9

Enter load KW and KVAR values for each period and click . 3.3 For a Motor Starting Bus, period load types and values can be defined.

Users can define the detailed motor behavior under starting condition in up to 24 time periods for precise motor starting simulation.

Select M Motor Starting Bus from Custom. Enter Rated Voltage. Click OK.

AC Voltage Profile

10

Enter load KW and KVAR for each period. Motor can be defined as different load type in each period for precise representation. 3.4 For a Transit System Bus, period load types and values, the train feeder impedance and the train

positions need to be defined.

AC Voltage Profile

11

Enter Bus Label and System Voltage. Select TTransit System from Custom. Enter Rated Voltage. Click OK.

Enter load type, KW, KVAR and the train position, which is the percentage distance to the From-station. A train-load can be negative when it is in type L or I, as shown in the 9 period of the above picture. A

AC Voltage Profile

12

negative load is equal to a source power. This simulates a train regeneration situation when the train is in its breaking stage. Click . 3.5 Train Feeders. Train feeders are the feeders connecting a train bus to train stations. The impedances of the train feeders will be modified in the program according to the total feeder impedance and the position of the train defined in the train bus editor. The impedance values of train feeders defined in the branch editor are not important or do not affect the simulation results. For the given example, the impedances of the following train feeders do not affect the simulation results.

AC Voltage Profile

13

4. The ECAD one-line diagram of the example is as follows:

AC Voltage Profile

14

How To Run A Voltage Profile Job

1. Select Analysis Load Flow AC Voltage Profile as shown in the following screen -capture.

AC Voltage Profile

15

2. Open the job file from AC Voltage Profile Program menu if the file has not been automatically

copied from the ECAD menu. Click the symbol to run the voltage profile.

Choose a Load Flow method and click .

AC Voltage Profile

16

Load flow convergence information is shown. Click Done. 3. Select Results. There will be three options: VProfile Text, VProfile Graphic and LF Details.

These three options provide complete output reports in various formats.

AC Voltage Profile

17

The Load Flow results can also be viewed through clicking Browser as follows:

Voltage Profile Results 1. Text Result Report

AC Voltage Profile

18

Select Results VProfile Text.

Double click a single bus to show the single bus voltage profile result. Click to show all the bus voltage profile results. The following are voltage profile results for the UTILITY bus shown in the Generator box and for the 0001 bus shown in the NCtrBus (non-contributing bus). The period KVAs for 0001 bus are zero, as this is a non-contributing bus. Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP. EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00 Page 1 Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1 10/13/2001 05:22:57 pm Checked by: Date: Bus Load Summary ================ Period Total Time KVA Voltage (min) (pu) (pu) ----------------------------------- Bus 0001 1 1 0.00 0.99 2 2 0.00 0.99 3 4 0.00 0.98 4 6 0.00 0.98 5 10 0.00 0.98 6 14 0.00 0.98 7 24 0.00 1.00 8 34 0.00 1.01 9 39 0.00 1.01 10 44 0.00 1.01 Bus CONST_P 1 1 2.24 0.99 2 2 2.17 0.99 3 4 2.10 0.98 4 6 2.04 0.98 5 10 1.97 0.98 6 14 1.90 0.97 7 24 1.84 1.00 8 34 1.77 1.00 9 39 1.71 1.01 10 44 1.64 1.01

AC Voltage Profile

19

Bus MOTOR 2 2 0.00 0.99 3 4 2.41 0.98 4 6 2.39 0.98 5 10 0.43 0.98 6 14 0.43 0.97 7 24 0.45 1.00 8 34 0.45 1.00 9 39 0.46 1.01 10 44 0.46 1.01 Bus STATION1 1 1 0.00 0.99 2 2 0.00 0.99 3 4 0.00 0.98 4 6 0.00 0.98 5 10 0.00 0.98 6 14 0.00 0.97 7 24 0.00 1.00 8 34 0.00 1.00 9 39 0.00 1.01 10 44 0.00 1.01 Bus STATION2 1 1 0.00 0.99 2 2 0.00 0.99 3 4 0.00 0.98 4 6 0.00 0.98 5 10 0.00 0.98 6 14 0.00 0.97 7 24 0.00 1.00 8 34 0.00 1.00 9 39 0.00 1.01 10 44 0.00 1.01 Bus TRAIN 1 1 3.61 0.99 2 2 2.24 0.99 3 4 1.10 0.98 4 6 1.10 0.98 5 10 0.77 0.98 6 14 0.77 0.97 7 24 0.81 1.00 8 34 0.50 1.00 9 39 0.28 1.01 10 44 0.00 1.01 Bus UTILITY 1 1 5.89 1.00 2 2 4.44 1.00 3 4 5.64 0.99 4 6 5.55 0.99 5 10 3.19 0.98 6 14 3.11 0.98 7 24 3.10 1.00 8 34 2.68 1.01 9 39 2.08 1.01 10 44 2.11 1.02

AC Voltage Profile

20

2. Graphic Result Report

Select Results VProfile Graphic.

Click any desired bus to graphically show the bus voltage profile.

AC Voltage Profile

21

The graphics for the CONST_P, TRAIN and MSTART buses are shown as follows:

The train bus voltage decreases due to the voltage drop on the From side train feeder. The voltage increases in period 9, due to regeneration of the train in this period.

AC Voltage Profile

22

3. Detailed Object Oriented Load Flow Result Report The detailed Object Oriented Load Flow result report for every period is also available in the voltage profile program.

AC Voltage Profile

23

Select Results LF Details.

Put number 5 and click to examine the detailed Object Oriented Load Flow results of period 5.

Check the desired options and click . The detailed Load Flow output format is the same as the T&D Load Flow Output of the Load Flow program.

AC Voltage Profile

24

Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP. EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00 Page 1 Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1 10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm Checked by: Date: AC Voltage Profile Exemple 1 VP1 System Information ================== Base KVA = 100 (kva) Frequency = 60 (HZ) Unit System = U.S. Standard MaxIterations = 20 Error Tolerance = 0 (kva), 0.000100 (pu), 0.0100 (%) # of Nodes entered = 7 # of Total Buses/Nodes = 7 # of Swing Buses = 1 # of Generators = 0 # of Branches entered = 6 # of Total Branches = 6 # of Transformers = 0 # of Reactors = 0 # of C.B. = 0 # of Active sources = 1 # of Inactive sources = 0 # of Active loads = 1 # of Inactive loads = 0 # of Open Switches = 0 Convergence Information ======================= Load Flow Converged ! Iteration: 0 Max Power Mismatches Bus dPmax Bus dQmax STATION2 0.000003 STATION2 0.000001 (PU) 0.000260 0.000148 (KVA) Summary of Total Generation and Demand ====================================== P(KW) Q(KVAR) S(KVA) PF(%) Swing Bus(es): 286.840 138.600 318.570 90.0 Generators : 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 Total Load : 285.368 137.472 316.754 90.1 Total Loss : 1.472 1.128 ---------- ---------- Mismatch : -0.001 0.000 Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP. EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00 Page 3 Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1 10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm Checked by: Date: Bus Data ======== # Bus Label V P Q C Mag(V) Ang(deg) (KW) (KVAR) (KVAR) 1 UTILITY My Utility S 472.000 0 0 0 2 0001 N 480.000 0 0.000 0.000

AC Voltage Profile

25

3 CONST_P Const_P L 480.000 0 -180 -80 4 MOTOR Motor M 480.000 0 -40 -20 5 STATION1 Station 1 N 480.000 0 0.000 0.000 6 STATION2 Station 2 N 480.000 0 0.000 0.000 7 TRAIN Train T 480.000 0 -70 -40 -------- -------- -------- Total Generating Sources 0.000 0 0.000 Total Bus Loads -290 -140 Swing & Generator Buses BUS Label V V,QMax V,QMin (Volts) (PU,KVAR) UTILITY My Utility S 472.000 Branch Data =========== Feeder YShunt as: 1/2 branch Y # From To Code/Label R X B/2 Tap (Ohms) (Ohms) (Mhos) (PU) 1 STATION1 TRAIN Rail 0.0000 0.0000 2 TRAIN STATION2 Rail 0.0000 0.0000 3 0001 CONST_P 250 0.0022 0.0017 4 0001 MOTOR 250 0.0022 0.0017 5 0001 STATION1 250 0.0022 0.0017 6 UTILITY 0001 250 0.0022 0.0017 Transformer Data ================ Bus ID Code/Label Tap # Pri. Sec. Tert. Pri. Sec. Tert. Bus Voltage Results =================== # BUS Label V DROP ANG P Q PF (VOLTS) (%) (DEG) (KW) (KVAR) (%) 1 UTILITY My Utility S 472.000 1.67 0.0 287 139 90 2 0001 N 470.163 2.05 0.0 0.000 0.000 3 CONST_P Const_P L 469.028 2.29 -0.1 -180 -80 91 4 MOTOR Motor M 469.914 2.10 -0.1 -38 -19 89 5 STATION1 Station 1 N 469.710 2.14 -0.1 0.000 0.000 6 STATION2 Station 2 N 469.710 2.14 -0.1 0.000 0.000 7 TRAIN Train T 469.710 2.14 -0.1 -67 -38 87 Voltage Violation Report ======================== BUS Label Bus Voltage UpperLim LowerLim (volts) (pu) (%) (%) No voltage violations found! Branch Power Flow Values ======================== # From -> To Code/Label P Q T-KVA (KW) (KVAR) (KVA) 1 STATION1 TRAIN Rail 67 38 2 TRAIN STATION2 Rail 0.000 0.000 3 0001 CONST_P 250 180 80 4 0001 MOTOR 250 38 19 5 0001 STATION1 250 67 38 6 UTILITY 0001 250 287 139

AC Voltage Profile

26

# To -> From Code/Label P Q Loss (KW) (KVAR) (KW) (KVAR) 1 TRAIN STATION1 Rail -67 -38 0.000 0.000 2 STATION2 TRAIN Rail 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3 CONST_P 0001 250 -180 -80 0.389 0.298 4 MOTOR 0001 250 -38 -19 0.018 0.014 5 STATION1 0001 250 -67 -38 0.060 0.046 6 0001 UTILITY 250 -286 -138 1 0.770 Branch Current Flow Values ========================== # From To Code/Label CURRENT ANGLE AMPACITY F-LOADING (A) (Deg) (A) (%) 1 STATION1 TRAIN Rail 94.895 -30 132.000 72% 2 TRAIN STATION2 Rail 0.000 -150 132.000 0% 3 0001 CONST_P 250 242.469 -24 255.000 95% 4 0001 MOTOR 250 52.661 -27 255.000 21% 5 0001 STATION1 250 94.895 -30 255.000 37% 6 UTILITY 0001 250 389.675 -26 255.000 153% Line Current Loading Violations =============================== From To Code/Label Current Ampacity Loading Over Under (A) (A) (%) (%) (%) TRAIN STATION2 Rail 0 132 0% 100.0% 50.0% under 0001 MOTOR 250 53 255 21% 100.0% 50.0% under 0001 STATION1 250 95 255 37% 100.0% 50.0% under UTILITY 0001 250 390 255 153% 100.0% 50.0% over Copyright (c) 2001, EDSA MICRO CORP. EDSA AC Voltage Profile Program v3.00.00 Page 12 Job File: C:\EDSAT2K\Projects\VP1 10/13/2001 05:24:18 pm Checked by: Date: Transformer Loading =================== # Pri. Sec. Tert. Code/Label T-KVA T-loading Loading (KVA) (KVA) (%) Transformer Loading Violations ============================== # Pri. Sec. Tert. T-KVA T-loading Loading OverLim UnderLim (KVA) (KVA) (%) (%) (%) No Xfr violations found!

AC Voltage Profile

27

4. Browse Buses and Branches

Click the Browser.

Let us select period 5 and click .

AC Voltage Profile

28

Let us click Bus All.

Click TRAIN and the train bus voltage and power flows are shown in the right box in the above picture. Every bus and branch can be browsed in either graphic or text format.

Capabilities, Functions and FeaturesAC Voltage ProfilesIntroductionHow To Create A Voltage Profile JobHow To Run A Voltage Profile Job

Voltage Profile Results