edison current

7/28/2019 Edison Current

1/44

EdisonsCurrent


2/44

2Introduction

TableofContentsIntroduction..................................................................................................................................... 5

HowtoReduceEnergyConsumption................................................ Error!Bookmarknotdefined.StandByEnergyConsumptionCharts:.......................................... Error!Bookmarknotdefined.

GridSystems.................................................................................................................................... 7

PortablePowerSourceSystem................................................................................................... 8

GridIntertiePowerSourceSystem............................................................................................. 9

GridintertiePowerSystemWith BackupBattery.................................................................... 10

OffGridPowerSystem.............................................................................................................. 11

TheUnitsoftheSystem............................................................................................................ 12

ArrayDCDisconnect:............................................................................................................. 12

ChargeController:

.................................................................................................................

12

DeepCycleBattery:............................................................................................................... 12

SystemMeter:....................................................................................................................... 13

MainDCDisconnect:............................................................................................................. 13

Inverter:................................................................................................................................. 13

GasPoweredGenerator:....................................................................................................... 13

Grid:....................................................................................................................................... 14

Household:............................................................................................................................ 14

Legal:..................................................................................................................................... 14

ElectricGenerator......................................................................................................................... 16

NeededMaterial........................................................................................................................ 16

Equipment..................................................................................................................................... 19

Multimeter:........................................................................................................................... 19

LaserTachometer:................................................................................................................. 19

SolderingIron:....................................................................................................................... 20

Whereto

Get

This

Materials

From

............................................................................................

21

ComponentsoftheGenerator...................................................................................................... 23

TheCore.................................................................................................................................... 23

TheMagnets.............................................................................................................................. 24

TheRotor................................................................................................................................... 25


3/44

3Introduction

TheBattery................................................................................................................................ 27

Assembly....................................................................................................................................... 30

Frame......................................................................................................................................... 30

AttachingMagnetstoWheel..................................................................................................... 31

TheCoil...................................................................................................................................... 33

FillingtheCore........................................................................................................................... 35

SolderingtheCircuit.................................................................................................................. 35

OperationInstructions.................................................................................................................. 37

TurningtheMotorOn............................................................................................................... 37

CharacterizingtheWindowofOperation................................................................................. 37

OneInput,FourOutput,RotateOne..................................................................................... 37

Gallery:......................................................................................................................................

39

MinimizingOurOilDependency................................................................................................... 40

FreeEnergyGeneratorsonaLargerScale.................................................................................... 43


4/44

4Introduction

DISCLAIMERPlease take care when working on any of the projects

outlinedwithin this manual. By reading this manual you

agree to that you are responsible for your own actions.

Magniwork will not be held accountable for any loss or

injuries.


5/44

5Introduction

IntroductionSince the world is gradually slipping into an energy

crisis, it is of utmost importance for us to reduce our

dependency on the sources of energy which are non

renewable.CleanRenewablesourcesofenergyare those

sourceswhichare recurring,meaningwhenyouproduce

energyyoudontexhaustanyresources.Severalexamples

of renewable energy are solar energy, hydro or water

energy,andwindenergy.

These sources of energy are freely available in our

environment, and areoften overlooked andunused.We

need to takeadvantageof these sourcesofenergy, thus

wewillmakeasteptowardsenergyindependence.

Solarenergy i.etheEnergy fromthesun isthemost

abundantenergy

available

on

our

planet.

We

should

take

advantageofthisenergy,byimplementingasystemwhich

usesthesolarenergytopowerourhomes.Wewillreduce

our power bills significantly and also contribute to a

greenerplanet.

WaterorHydroEnergy isa fairlyeffectivesourceof

clean renewable energy, and it is mostly produced on a

large scale,meaning a lotof investment and time isput

into building systems which will produce energy from

water.Thedownsideofhydroenergysources is that it is


6/44

6Introduction

implausible foranaverageperson to implement it inhis

home.

Wind

Energy

Sources

have

existed

for

more

than

2000 years, they have been used for tasks such as

pumping water, grinding etc. as the world has been

industrialized, wind has become a common source for

generatingenergy.WindTurbinescanbeeasilymadeand

implementedeven in individual residences,whilehelping

relievethepowerbill,bypoweringthemoreconventional

powersources.

In this book you will also learn how to construct

another alternative source of energy, which has not

reachedthemainstreammediayet.

Andintheendthisguidewillshowyouhowtobuilda

solarair

heater,

and

solar

water

heater

for

your

home.

These two devices will significantly reduce your power

consumption,sinceyouspentmostenergyathomeforair

andwaterheating.


7/44

7GridSystems

GridSystemsThe followinggrid systems representhowyouconnect

the external power supply to your house or grid. In the

diagrams we are refereeing to the energy source a bit

vaguelybecausethesamesystemthat ispresentedcould

beusedforvarietyofpowersources.Bypowersourceswe

meanSolarPanels,WindTurbines,andEnergyGenerators.

As forhowyouwillbuildyourSolarPanel,WindTurbine,

EnergyGenerator,AirHeater,WaterHeater,willgetto it

rightafterthis.


8/44

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12/44

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14/44

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15/44

15GridSystems

We recommend thatyoucontactyourpowersupply

companyconcerningthisissueanddonottakemattersin

toyourownhandsbeforeyoudothat.

If you do not want to connect your system to the

breaker panel, you can run appliances just from the

inverterwhichismucheasierandcheaperoption.


16/44

El

like

Ne

Thi

ctric

Firstc

soyou

ded

isalist

Alligat Quanti MoreI12isr Cost:$

2N305 Quanti MoreItransisCost:

$

1N400 Quanti MoreISwitch Cost:$

enera

heckth

getthei

aterial

fallthe

rClips

ty:Minx

fo:Wir

ecomme

10.00

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ty:x1

fo:An

or

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ty:x1

fo:Silic

ng

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or

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nded.

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genera

ng(pag

aterial:

ating5a

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torlook

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mp,atl

16

s

ast


17/44

1N400 Quanti MoreISwitch Cost:$

680o Quanti MoreIwattb

1/2

w Cost:$

1kiloPotent Quanti MoreIwattagtracks Cost:Neon

Quanti MoreIended. Cost:

7Diode

ty:x1

fo:Silic

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r

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ter.Car

fine.

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type w

or

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on

er

re

Elect icGenerator

17


18/44

250g(Ename

22SW

Coppe Quanti MoreI Cost:250g(

Ename

26SW

Coppe Quanti MoreI Cost:2mete

Wire

Quanti MoreItohoo Cost:

.551lbs

lCoated

(AWG

Wire

ty:x1

fo:Mag

12.90

.551lbs

lCoated

(AWG

Wire

ty:x1

fo:Mag

12.90

rsofHig

ty:x1

fo:Itwi

upthe

12.90

)

21)

netWir

)

5)

netWir

Curren

llbeuse

atteries

Elect

icGenerator

18


19/44

Eq

Mu

sh

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me

rec

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or

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Las

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e you

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eteris

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Equipment

19


20/44

Sol

Sol

to

circ

the

sol

are

cor

eringI

ering i

solder

uit

will

conn

ered, t

sure

rectly,y

on:on will

he circ

still

o

ections

hough

it is

oushou

be use

uit. Th

erate

i

aren

nce yo

wire

ldsolde

f

ralltheconnec ions.

Equipment

20


21/44

21Equipment

WheretoGetThisMaterialsFromIfyouarebasedinUKorEuropewerecommendthe

followingwebsites:

LeadAcidBatteries:http://shop.eurobatteries.com

Components:http://www.maplin.co.uk/

http://www.radioshack.com/

Magnets:http://emagnetsuk.com/


22/44

22Equipment

IfyouarebasedinUSAorCanadawerecommendthe

followingwebsites:

Components:http://www.allelectronics.com/

http://www.radioshack.com/

Magnets:http://www.magnets4less.com/


23/44

23ComponentsoftheGenerator

ComponentsoftheGeneratorTheCore

Thecurtail

part

for

this

project

is

the

core.

You

can

use iron filingsmixedwith glue,which isoneoption for

satisfactory results or alternatively welding rods. When

you are scaling up this project we recommend using

welding rods for better results, butjust to get used to

whatyouarebuildingforthefirsttimefeelfreetouseiron

filingsmixed

with

glue.

Furthermore each of the rods must be electrically

insulatedfromeachother.Youcaneitherlettherodsrust

forawhile,oryoucancoat themwith thick layerofnail

varnish.

On

the

other

hand

you

should

not

use

solid.

Since

the

keymechanism for theoperationof thegenerator is the

fastswitchingofthemagnetic fieldand ifyouuseasolid

mass for your core it ismore than likely to create eddy

currents thatdisruptandprolong thedegradationof the

magnetic field. Steel bolts are very bad idea also, since

theyretaintheirmagnetismfromthegetgo,itsthesame

principleaspapercliponamagnet,youhavemost likely

noticedthatafterawhilethepaperclipcanattractother

paperclips.


24/44


TheMagnetsThefirstthingyoushouldknowaboutthemagnetsis

what not to use, which is Neodymium or Rare Earth

Magnets.The

problem

with

such

strong

magnets

is,

after

a

while no matter what material is used for the core, the

core itself will be magnetized because of the prolonged

exposuretothosemagnets.

Because of the issues stated above, you shoulduse

Ceramic

magnets.

Since

for

your

first

project

you

will

build

a small replica, you should use small magnets or more

specifically:20mmx10mmx5mmceramicmagnets.Foryoursecondprojectwhichwillbetherealsizereplicayou

will use larger magnets with dimensions approximately

50mmx25mmx10mm.Theremightbesituationswherethe

magnet

is

too

weak

even

if

it

is

as

described

above,

if

thatsthecaseyoucanalwaysdoublestackthem.


25/44


TheRotorFor the final model you will use an aluminum bike

wheel,butaswiththecoreyoushouldnotusesteel,you

shouldbe

able

to

fit

about

24

magnets

to

astandard

bike

wheelandatthesametimeachievespeedsofabout200

300rpm.

Butforyoufirstproject,thescaleddownreplica,you

should do just fine with discarded hard drives. With a

discarded

hard

drive

you

should

fit

about

6

magnets

and

achievespeedofaround1500 2000rpm.

No doubt some of you will have hard time finding

discardedharddiskdrives,anotheroption isa tapehead

salvagedfromanoldVCR. Itwillworkjust fine,sincethe

bearing is very smooth and its easily mountable on

anothersurface.

With

it

you

will

be

able

to

achieve

speed

ofaround2500rpmandhigher,aswiththeHardDiskDrive

youwilluse6magnets.

Ifyouwant,orcantfindthepreviousparts,youcan

godowneven smaller,you canuse rollerskateor roller

blade wheel. You should be able to attach about 4

magnets on it, since the bearing here is very good you

shouldbeabletoreachrpm`sfrom3000to4000.


26/44


All the speeds previously stated are approximations

and may differ, dont force your motor to get to those

speeds.

Tolerance(For24BicycleRim)Asstatedearlier itdoesn'thavetobebicyclewheel,

anynonmagneticrotatingwheelofsimilarsizeandweight

shouldwork.Theseplansare fora24inch rim. Ifyougo

smaller or large than this, you will need to adjust the

numberof

magnets

accordingly

so

that

the

spacing

is

approximately the same distance as on the 24inch

specified plans. You might want to source your wheel

before purchasing magnets so you know how many

magnets to get. Also, if you want to have your shaft

comingfromthewheeltoconveythetorqueofthewheel,

youwill

need

to

configure

an

alternative

bearing

system.


27/44


TheBatteryThebatteriesarethemostexpensivecomponentsof

thisproject.For thesmallmotoryoucanuse1.3ah (amp

hour)12volt

Lead

Acid

Batteries,

though

we

recommend

yougetatleast7ahbatteries.

Themaintrickwiththebatteriesisforthemtobebig

enoughsothatthemotorwillrunattheC20Rate,whichis

theAmpHourratingofthebatterydividedby20.TheAh

of

the

battery

is

the

amount

of

amps

the

battery

can

supply for one hour. If the battery supplies a very high

current,thenitwilldegrademorequickly.Thisisthemain

reasonwhyweusetheC20Rate.

Inotherwords if youmotor is runningon a300ma

youwillneedtouseabatterythat isat least6amphours

(0.3x20

=6).

In

adifferent

situation

if

your

battery

is

rated

at7AmpHours,you shouldntdischarge thebatterywith

morethan350ma(7/20=350).

1.3ah12vLeadAcidBatterycancostaround12/18/$24

7ah12vLeadAcidBatterycancostaround15/22/$30

24ah12vLeadAcidBatterycancostaround40/60/$80


28/44


Quantity:Atthebeginningyouwillneedatleasttwobatteries:

one

for

input,

and

one

for

receiving

charge.

It

is

recommended that an identical battery to the input

batteryisused.Thereasonforthisistotestthedischarge

parametersofabattery independentof thecircuitunder

the same discharge parameters being put to the input

battery for characterization. Additional batteries of the

samevoltageand impedancecanbeaddedtotheoutput

inparallellater.

Tolerance:Youmightunderstoodalreadythatthevoltageofthe

batteries is not crucial, and can be somewhere in the

rangeof6to24volts forthisparticularmotor.However,

theinputandoutputbatteriesneedtobematchedintheir

voltage and impedance. There can be more than one

battery on the receiving end, connected inparallel,of a

matchedvoltageand impedanceofthe inputbattery.For

yourfirstreplication,youwillwanttousenewbatteriesso

that bad batteries will not be possible reasons for

malfunctionof

the

circuit.

Not

all

rechargeable

batteries

are suitable for receiving charge from this setup. Lead

acid recommended. For more information concerning


29/44


what type of batteries you need follow the formula

presentedearlier.

BatteryCare:

It will be important for you to know your batteries

optimaloperatingparametersformtheirmanufactureror

othercompetentratingservicesothatyoudonotdamage

thembychargingordischargingtoofastortoohigh/low.

As long as you are using this circuit to charge your

batteries,you

will

not

need

to

worry

about

speed

or

level

of charging. But if you use another apparatus to charge

your battery, you will need to know your batteries'

charging parameters. If your input and output batteries

arematched in voltage rating and impedance the circuit

inherentlybalancesthechargingratetoalevelthatisnot

onlysafe

but

even

beneficial

to

the

receiving

battery.

Overchargeisnotnearlytheconcernwiththiscircuitasit

is with other chargers. Batteries actually perform better

under frequentusewiththiscircuit,than ifyou leta few

dayspassbetweenuses.


30/44

30Assembly

AssemblyFrame

Sincethe

24

wheel

will

spin,

the

stand

needs

to

have

stabilityfrontback,leftright.Ontheotherhandtherotor

shouldnt have much resistance in its turning, also this

needtobemadeofnonmagneticmaterial.

Youshouldplanbeforehandfora1/8inchgaporless

betweenthecoilspoolandthewheelmagnetsgluedand

taped.We

cannot

stress

this

enough

but

it

is

very

important for this project to work, the frame materials

shouldbenonmagnetic.

Another important design specification you should

have in mind while construction the stand is, you may

want to be able to increase or decrease the distance

between the wheel and the spool, for fine tuning. The

direction of the rotation does not need to be

perpendiculartothecoil,butitcanbe90degreesaswell.


31/44

31Assembly

AttachingMagnetstoWheelFirstyouneedtouseacompasstodetermine"N"the

northend

of

your

magnets.

The

Earth's

North

Pole

is

magnetically south, so the "north" end of your compass

willbeattractedtothe"south"endofyourmagnet.North

facesout towardthecoil.

Labelyourmagnets,withmarkerorstickytapesoyou

knowwhichsideiswhich.

All magnets should face the same direction (north

out).Magnetspacingdoesnotneedtobeuniformunless

youaregoingtoattemptmorethanonecoil.

Determine an equal spacing for the magnets about

theperimeterof thewheelandmarkwhere they should

go.This

is

not

crucial

to

proper

operation

with

one

coil,

but if you want to later add more coils (each with a

separatecircuit),symmetricalspacingwillbeimportantfor

symmetrical firing. Ifyourwheeldiameter ismoreor less

thanthe24inchescalledintheseplans,adjustthenumber

of magnets accordingly to be within the same range of

spacingbetween

magnets.

You

don't

want

to

get

your

magnetsmuchcloserthan1.5 2widthsapart.

Ifyouwish touse in the futuremore thanone coil,

bear in mind that each coil will need its own complete


32/44

32Assembly

circuit.Allcoilswillneedto fire inunison,sothemagnet

spacingwillneedtobeuniform.Spacingbetweenmagnets

shouldnotbe lessthan1.5 2magnetwidths.Usesuper

glueand/or

tape

to

affix

the

magnets.


33/44

Th

sp

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eac

Arr

the

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an

Coil

Forth

olsof

ether,it

h othe

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ightuse

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)(5cm

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34/44

34Assembly

wholedistance.Theexactnumberof turnson the coil is

notcrucial,beingcloseisadequatebutkeeptrackofinput

outputpairs.

Countingvisually isamethodpronetoerror.Usean

audible trigger in winding (e.g. a clacker on the spool).

Alternatively,youmightaffix tape tobothendsof spool,

protruding outward around 1/2 inche. This will hit your

handas the spool turns,helpingyou to count turns.You

shouldbedoneinapproximately900turns.


35/44

35Assembly

FillingtheCoreBe sure to have the side that will be facing the

magnets flushwith the topof the spool so you can spin

yourmagnets

close

to

the

spool

without

hitting

arod

in

thecore.Youmightdrilla1"inchholeinyourbasearound

1/2inchesdeepfortheothersideofthecoretoprotrude

into,soyoudon'thavetocutyourrodsshort.Useglueon

eachrodtokeep itfrommoving.Tapthe lastfewrods in

withsomelightobjectuntilyoucan'tfitanymore.

SolderingtheCircuitTrytokeepallwiresasshortaspossible.Furthermore

don't overheat your diodes, resistor, or transistor when

soldering.Ifyoudon'tknowhowtosolder,youcoulduse

wirenutsorevennuts/bolts to secureyour connections.

Make sure the circuit works before soldering the

connections.Alsoalligatorclipscanbeusedtoholdthings

inplaceuntilyousolidifythem.Alittle9Vbatterycanbe

usedtotestthecircuit.

Note:Also,be sure touseaheavygaugewirewhen connectingyour

batteries

in

parallel

or

series.


36/44

Assembly

36


37/44

37OperationInstructions

OperationInstructionsTurningtheMotorOn

Torun

the

motor,

connect

the

circuit

and

give

the

rotoraspin(byhand).Itwillthenaccelerateordecelerate

toapointof equilibrium.There ismore thanone stable

rateofrotation.

CharacterizingtheWindowofOperationYou will want to modify the resistor of the circuit

fromlow

to

high

to

find

various

ideal

windows

of

operation.

Generally, low resistance produces high rotation

speed, while high resistance results in lower rotation

speed. Also in the higher resistances you will find solid

state resonanceeitherwithorwithout rotation. In some

cases they coexist. In some casesonlyoneor theother

willexist.Higherthanacertainresistanceyouwillfindthat

onlysolidstateexists.

OneInput,FourOutput,RotateOneOnce the batteries are supercharged, place four

batterieson

the

back

end

(charging),

with

one

on

the

front

endrunningthecircuit.Oncethatbatteryhasgonedown

to its20%fromfull level,rotateoneofthefourbatteries

fromthebackendtothefront.Thesequenceofrotation


38/44

38OperationInstructions

shouldbeoneoftakingturnssothattheoneontheback

sidethathasbeentherethelongestgoestothefrontside.

Youcanrepeatthisprocedureforsixmonthswithoutever

havingto

externally

charge

the

system.

Bear

in

mind

that

yoursuccess inachievingthismaybedetermined firstby

finding the optimal window of performance for your

particularsetup.


39/44

Gal

lery:

Operatio

Instructions

39


40/44

40MinimizingOurOilDependency

MinimizingOurOilDependencySomeofthebiggerissuesweencounterwhenwetry

toreduce

the

consumption

of

energy

are

to

reduce

and

minimizetheuseofgasweuseforourvehicles.

Oil iswidelyused for transportation,homeheating,

andenergygeneration.

There are severalways to tackle thisproblem. The

automotive

industry

has

already

taken

action,

and

is

great

carswithaveryreasonablegasmileage.TheIndustrynow

must meet certain regulations, and the production of

typicalgasguzzlingvehiclesisreduced.

Most diesel power cars, with only a minimal

conversion,arecapableonrunningwithleftoverfryerfat.

Meaning,you

can

simply

go

to

McDonalds,

and

ask

for

the

leftoveroilofthefryer.

Although it sounds incredible, the vehicle will run

without a problem this way, and it won't damage the

engineorthefuellinesofthevehicle.

The

downside

of

this

is

that

the

car

will

have

a

bad

odor, and smell like fried potatoes. This is what can be

calleda'roughbiodiesel'.

In order to create a better fuel, the waste frying


41/44


oil/fatcanbeprocessedsothatitgetsrefined.Therefined

product knows as biodiesel, and it shares almost the

identical properties of the Diesel. The car will have the

sameperformance

as

will

regular

diesel

and

behave

the

same.

In most conventional diesel vehicles, you can use a

refinedbiodieselwithoutapplyinganykindofconversion

kit.Besides refiningwaste fat,Biodieselcanbeproduced

fromfatfrompork,poultry,beeforoilfromvegetables.

Anotherwaytoreduceoildependencyiswiththeuse

ofelectricity topowera car.HybridElectricVehiclesare

getting more and more popular, and starting to take a

significant shareon the road. These vehicles combine a

common car enginewith a battery. They capture kinetic

energywhen

breaking,

this

kinetic

energy

is

used

to

recharge thebattery.TheHybridElectricVehiclescanbe

consideredecofriendly,due to their lowemission,anda

goodgasmileage.CommonExamplesofthesevehiclesare

theToyotaPriusandHondaInsight

AStepforwardfromtheHEVs,arethefullyelectrical

cars.It

relies

on

the

sole

use

of

electric

motors

to

propel

the vehicle. These vehicles dont use an Internal

Combustion Engine. The fully electric cars might be

considered the vehiclesof the future,but today, theyre


42/44


stillindevelopment,andhavelimitedpracticality.

Although they are able to run solely on electricity,

they

have

a

limited

range.

Recharging

the

vehicle

is

much

cheaper than gas, but the main problem is that the

batteriescannotstoreenoughenergytopropelthevehicle

for longer ranges.This technology isverypromising,and

there have been several vehicles that are fully electrical

thathavewentintoproduction.


43/44

43FreeEnergyGeneratorsonaLargerScale

FreeEnergyGeneratorsonaLargerScaleSignificantchanges inenergygenerationarentgoing

tooccur

until

the

governments

and

large

corporations

startbecoming involvedand look intoalternativesources

ofenergy.

A Free Energy generator couldwellbe the solution to

these problems. It can be implemented in the following

way:

- Eachhouseholdhas itsown freeenergydevice,they

generate electricity independently from the power

company.

OR

- TheEnergyCompaniesreplacethecurrentsourcesof

generating energy like nonrenewable sources of

energy,and

implement

large

scale

free

energy

generators,whichwouldsupplythegridswithpower.

Since theenergywillonly requireminimal resources

for it to be produced, this would result in a

significantlylowerpriceofenergy.

However,the

government

and

the

big

corporations

arentshowinginterestinsuchdevices,theyaretheonce

that have the real funds necessary to really make this

happen. Perhaps,theoutcomeofaworldwhereelectric

energy is free isntsomethingthebigcorporationswould


44/44

44FreeEnergyGeneratorsonaLargerScale

like to see. Thiswouldmean theywould lose trillionsof

dollars. Itwouldmean thecollapseof twoof thebiggest

corporativeindustriesTheOilandtheEnergyIndustry.

If the US Government spent only a small fraction of

what they spend on the military to the development of

free energy, it could totally revolutionize the world. We

have already given you a smallscale free energy device

THAT WORKS. That proves that this technology really

works.All itneedstobedone isforthistechnologytobe

usedon

alarger

scale,

and

to

become

wide

spread.

This

willreducetheenergycrisis.

edison current

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