edge technical overview 2-2

Transmission8 TransmissionCellular transmission is expanded to EDGE data rates with the use of existingPlesiosynchronous Digital Hierarchy/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy solutionsinherent to Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS and Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS. TheNokia UltraSite EDGE BTS solution and Nokia MetroHub enable the building oftransmission hub sites, which are needed for grooming traffic and arrangingprotection. BTS cabinet and site-integrated solutions provide smooth, timely, andreliable implementation and simplicity of operation. Various topologies (forexample, star, loop, and mesh) and media (for example, radio-link, wire-line, andfibre-optic) with provisioning for future growth are supported. In addition, nodefile based commissioning is supported. Figure 20 shows an example transmissionsolution configuration.DN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 53 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential

Nokia EDGE Technical OverviewFigure 20. Transmission solution example

Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS and Nokia MetroHub offer a variety of interfaceswith capacity ranging from E1/T1 2 Mbit/s/1.5 Mbit/s 16x2 Mbit/s. The SDHinterfaces can be implemented by site integrated solution. EDGE sets newrequirements on the Abis transmission capacity, since the amount of trafficcarried in the Abis is much higher than non-EDGE operations.

8.1 Dynamic Abis

With enhanced data rates per radio time slot varying between 8.8 and 59.2 kbit/s,traditional static Abis allocation does not use transmission resources efficiently.The Dynamic Abis feature is introduced to optimise loading, by splitting PulseCode Modulations (PCMs) into permanent time slots for signalling and voice, andby providing a dynamic pool for data. The pool is shared by a number of TRXs.The Dynamic Abis transmission feature saves up to 60 percent of the Abistransmission expansion cost, since it allows Abis dimensioning to be performedcloser to the average data rates instead of at peak rates. This savings also appliesto the reduced number of 2M BSC interfaces needed.54 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

Transmission

Abis channel mapping is arranged so that the standard GSM TRXs are connectedto the BSC in a conventional fashion, such as 16 or 64 kbit/s. These bits arereserved permanently for signalling (TRXSIG) for each TCH, and 16 kbit/s arereserved permanently for each TCH. The same applies to GSM/EDGE TRXs, butwhen required, the BSC allocates Abis capacity for data calls from the EGPRSdynamic pool when needed, for example, when MCS-3 or higher is used. Normal

GPRS (non-EGPRS) calls using MCS-2,3 and 4 can also use EDAP resourceswhen allocated into EGPRS territory (GSM/EDGE TRXs). The Dynamic Abispool is common for multiple GSM/EDGE TRXs located at various sites.

EGPRS and Dynamic Abis use a new type of PCU frame to connect with the AbisL1 interface. GSM/EDGE TRXs use the PCU Master data and PCU Slave dataframes to tranfer both GPRS and EGPRS data. EGPRS Dynamic Pools decreasethe number of GPRS channels by the total number of EDPRSs.

In downlink, the required EDAP resources are allocated with 16 kbp/s resolutionfor the CS/MCS. In uplink, the required EDAP resources are always allocated forthe maximum CS/MCSs that can be admitted to MS.

Figure 21 shows an example of Dynamic Abis pooling.

Figure 21. Dynamic Abis pooling

00222669

BCCH TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TRX 1 OMU 1 TXR 2 OMU 2TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7BCCH TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TRX 3 OMU 3TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TRX 4 OMU 4 TXR 5 OMU 5BCCH TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7TRX 6 OMU 6

A

B BTS

BTS

Abis PCM with 6 EDGE TRXs

BSC

EGPRS DynamicAbis pool

EDGE TRX 6EDGE TRX 5

EDGE TRX 4

EDGE TRX 3EDGE TRX 2

EDGE TRX 1

Abis

123456789

10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031

Example: Data call from TRX 6(MCS>=2)

Example: Data call from TRX 2(MCS>=2)DN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 55 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential

Nokia EDGE Technical Overview56 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

Terminals9 TerminalsEDGE will be a standard feature in GSM and WCDMA terminals. The plannedavailability for EDGE terminals is 2H 2002. EDGE has mass market capabilityand incremental cost increase to GSM. In EDGE and GPRS networks, EGPRSterminals are required, since these networks must be able to support multimediaand data formats.

In addition to providing superior two-way voice and video communication,EDGE terminals are planned to deliver a variety of services, such as:

Voice, e-mail, imaging, locationing, and browsing

- Average 40-120 kbit/s user data rates- Still pictures and video clips- WAP, MMS, and Java- Color display

World phone for all continents

- EDGE for GSM and WCDMA operators- Multi band EDGE for 800, 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz

Downward compatibility with 2G systems

- CSD and HSCDS- GPRS and EGPRS

The GPRS and EDGE terminal classes combine to provide up to six types ofterminals, as shown in Figure 22. EDGE provides uplink and downlinkcapabilities for terminals. GPRS defines three classes of terminals: Class A, ClassB, and Class C.DN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 57 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential

Nokia EDGE Technical Overview

Class A terminals will support simultaneous circuit-switched and packet-switched traffic. These terminals, which will be developed during laterNote

stages because both require full duplex TRXs, are defined as Simple ClassA and Class A.

Class B terminals attach to the network as both circuit-switched andpacket-switched clients, but only support traffic from one service at a time.Class B terminals will be symmetric, with 8PSK in both uplink anddownlink.

Class C terminals may support both circuit-switched and packet-switchedservices. In the near future, Class C terminals will be PCMCIA cards withdata-only features.

With Class C terminals, users must manually select either CS or PS mode, or theterminals can be set up to accept data only. Class C terminals cannot acceptpaging from both CS and PS at the same time. However, Class B terminals canaccept paging of any type when in idle mode.

Figure 22. GPRS and EDGE terminal types

00238038

Asymmetric(8PSK in

Downlink only)Symmetric

(8PSK in Uplinkand Downlink)

Simultaneous Voice and Data

EDGE1

CLASSA

CLASSB

CLASSC

2GPRS

Non-Simultaneous Voice and Data

Manually selected Voice (CS) orData (PS) or exclusively Data (PS)58 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

EDGE Network Planning Service10 EDGE Network Planning ServiceAs with GSM networks, Nokia provides operators with a comprehensive set ofnetwork planning services for 3G EDGE networks. These services help operatorsexpand their packet-switched datacom services in mobile networks. Theseservices support operators in planning their networks to ensure that the newservices and technologies, together with the existing networks, form an integratedplatform for operators businesses.

Nokia EDGE Network Planning Service has an overall system approach,covering planning for the entire 3G EDGE network. Nokia EDGE NetworkPlanning Service consists of the following service modules: radio networkplanning, core network planning, cellular transmission network planning, andtransport network planning.

10.1 Radio network planning

Introducing EDGE services on the air-interface of a sensitive fully operationalGSM/EGPRS network requires efficient use of existing radio resources whenshared between packet- and circuit-switched users. Radio network planning isessential for spectrum efficiency. It is also essential for determining where, when,and to what level of quality EDGE services are successfully launched, withoutaffecting the overall network Quality of Service (QoS). Radio network planningconsists of general radio network planning, EDGE air-interface dimensioning,and EDGE parameter planning.

General radio network planning

During the introduction of EGPRS, Nokias general radio network planningguarantees a continued high level of QoS for circuit switch users and existingpacket data users. Additionally, Nokia offers cell planning to fit the EGPRSrequirements in terms of coverage, C/I, and throughput. General radio networkplanning consists of evaluations of the network coverage, interference, andcapacity.DN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 59 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential


EDGE air-interface dimensioningNokia analyses the air-interface dimensioning to estimate EGPRS datathroughput rates and traffic impacts on shared resources between voice and data.

EDGE parameter planning

Through EDGE parameter planning, Nokia tunes network cell parametersaccording to operator-specific design pre-requisites, in terms of coverage levels,cell layer structures, traffic demands, and circuit switch idle mode behaviour.Optimum cell parameters are derived, based on results from Nokias extensivesimulations.

10.2 Core network planning

EDGE core network planning meets operators individual business strategydemands when designing and dimensioning the backbone network, in terms ofinfrastructure, external connectivity, and signalling capacity.

Nokia provides EDGE core network planning, both to operators who want toimplement new EDGE core networks on their existing GSM networks, and tooperators who want to upgrade their existing GPRS core networks to the EDGEcapacity level.

Nokia offers an analysis of the operators current network infrastructure,operational profiles, and an interpretation of the operators EDGE businessstrategies and future forecasts. Based on this information, a network analysisdefines the needed changes to the current IP infrastructure.

The major deliverables of EDGE core network planning include: Gb-interface network plan, including BSC (PCU), Frame Relay link, and

SGSN (PAPU) configurations IP backbone blueprint

External connectivity plan

EDGE SS7 network design

Security proposal for IP backbone

In the case of an existing GPRS core network, Nokia offers upgrade core networkplanning for each of the planning deliverables mentioned.60 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

EDGE Network Planning Service

10.3 Cellular transmission network planning

Cellular transmission network planning supports operators in defining optimisedsolutions for introducing new services and technologies to existing networks toprovide a customised network with expansion capabilities. Cellular transmission

network planning consists of:

Pre-planning

Nominal planning of cellular transmission solutions

Detailed planning of cellular transmission solutions

10.3.1 Pre-planning

The aim of Transmission planning is to create a good basis for a cost-effective andtechnically optimised network plan that describes types and estimated numbers ofequipment needed during the network rollout, such as the amount of mobileswitching centres, radio network controllers, base stations and transmissionequipment.

10.3.2 Nominal planning of cellular transmission solutions

Nominal planning of cellular transmission solutions includes the following:

General transmission network diagram for base station access and corenetworks in phases

General transmission network diagram showing capacity requirements,media selection, preliminary transmission network topology andprotection, which fulfils the pre-defined quality requirements of thenetwork

General management network principles with area definitions

Synchronisation principles for the main network

The number of connections in different interfaces in BSS and RANnetwork, and the number and capacity of possible cross connectionequipmentDN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 61 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential


10.3.3 Detailed planning of cellular transmission solutionsDetailed planning of cellular transmission solutions includes the following:

Capacity & network topology planning

Microwave-link planning

2 Mbit/s planning

Time-slot and cross-connect planning

Synchronisation planning

Network management planning (Q1,Q3,IP)

10.4 Transport network planning

Nokia provides transport network planning to assess operators current orproposed network infrastructure and to interpret operators network businessstrategies and future forecasts. Nokia uses the information gathered to determinenetwork growth.

The Nokia planning group then produces the most cost-effective and technicallyoptimised network plan. This plan outlines the selected network architecture andthe amount of equipment needed for network rollout.62 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

Standards

Appendix A. Standards

Nokia participates in and contributes to 3GPP standardization forums. Nokiasfirst EDGE release complies with the main parts of Release 99 (with a TSG-SA#9baseline level). Nokia follows up with subsequent EDGE-related ChangeRequests, and implements the relevant parts of those to the EDGE release.DN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 63 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential


Appendix B. Glossary3G

Third Generation Wireless

3G RAN

Third Generation Radio Access Network

8PSK

8-ary Phase Shift Keying

Abis

Interface between BTS and BSC

AMR

Adaptive MultiRate

ARQ

Automatic Request for re-transmission

BB

Backbone

BCCH

Broadcast Control Channel

BCF

Base station Control Function

BCSU

Base station Controller Signalling Unit

BSC

Base Station Controller

BSS

Base Station Subsystem

BTS

Base Transceiver Station64 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

Glossary

CDSU

Compact Data Signalling Unit

CGCharging Gateway

C/I

Carrier to Interference ratio; determines the maximum throughput that eachsubscriber can achieve

CORBA

Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCSD

Circuit-Switched Data

DCN

Data Communication Network

DDD

Dynamic Downlink Diversity

EAMR

Enhanced Adaptive MultiRate

EDGE

Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution

EGPRS

Enhanced General Packet Radio Service

EIR

Equipment Identification Register

ETSI

European Telecommunication Standards InstituteDN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 65 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential


FECForward Error Correction

FR

Frame Relay or Full Rate

GERAN

GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network

GSN

GPRS Support Node

GGSN

Gateway GPRS Support Node

GMSK

Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communication

GSM 900

GSM 900 MHz frequency band

GSM 1800


GSM 1900


GSWB

8 kbit Group Switch

HARQ

Type II Hybrid Automatic Request for re-transmission66 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

Glossary

HLR

Home Location Register

HRHalf Rate

HSCSD

High Speed Circuit-Switched Data

ICE

Intelligent Coverage Enhancement

IDD

Intelligent Downlink Diversity

IMEI

International Mobile Equipment Identifier

IMSI

International Subscriber Identity

IP

Internet Protocol

IR

Incremental Redundancy

IRC

Interference Rejection CombiningISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

Iu-CS

UMTS Circuit Switched Interface between RNC and MSCDN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 67 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential


Iu-PSUMTS Packet Switched Interface between RNC adn SGSN

IWF

InterWorking Function

kbit/s

kilobits per second

ksps

kilo symbol per second

LA

Link Adaptation

LAN

Local Area Network

LNA

Low Noise Amplifier

Mbit

Megabit

Mbit/s

Megabits per second

MCS

Modulation and Coding Scheme

MR

Maximum Ratio

MRC

Maximal Ratio Combining

MS

Mobile Station68 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

Glossary

MSC

Mobile Switching Centre

MT-SMSMobile-Terminated Short Message Service

NMS

Network Management Systems

NSS

Network Switching Subsystem

OSS

Operations Support System

PCCH

Packet Common Control Channel

PCM

Pulse Code Modulation

PCSU

Packet Control Unit

PCU

Packet Control Unit

PDCH

Packet Data Channels

PDH

Plesiosynchronous Digital Hierarchy

PLMN

Public Land Mobile NetworkDN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 69 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential


PSTNPublic Switched Telephone Network

QoS

Quality of ServiceQR

Quarter RateRF

Radio Frequency

RPC

Remote Procedure Call

RNW

Radio Network

RRM

Radio Resource Management

SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SEG

Segment (telecom cell)SGSN

Serving GPRS Support Node

SMS-GMSC

Short Message Services-Gateway Mobile Switching Centre

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

SRC

Nokia Smart Radio Concept for EDGE70 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

Glossary

SS7

Signalling System 7 or Common Channel Signalling System No. 7 (SS7 or C7) isa global standard for telecommunications defined by the InternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Standardisation Sector(ITU-T).

TBF

Temporary Block Flow

TCH

Traffic Channel

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access

TRAU

Transcoding and Rate Adaptation Unit

TU3

TU3 UHF Radio Modules are intended for short and medium range wireless dataand telemetry applications, indoors and outdoors.

UDI

Unrestricted Digital Information

UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

UTRAN

UMTS (WCDMA) Radio Access NetworkUMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

VLR

Visitor Location RegisterDN00219181 Nokia Networks Oy 71 (72)Issue 2-0 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential


WANWide Area Network

WCDMA

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access72 (72) Nokia Networks Oy DN00219181Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 2-0en

Nokia EDGE Technical Overview1 About this document2 Introduction to EDGE2.1 Benefits2.1.1 For operators2.1.2 For end users

2.2 Required Network Changes2.3 EDGE features2.3.1 8-ary Phase Shift Keying2.3.2 EGPRS Modulation and Coding Schemes2.3.3 Incremental Redundancy2.3.4 Link Adaptation for EGPRS

3 Base Station Subsystem3.1 Features that enhance EDGE3.1.1 Multi BCF feature3.1.2 Nokia Smart Radio Concept3.1.3 Interference Rejection Combining

3.2 Base Station3.2.1 Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station3.2.2 Nokia UltraSite EDGE Base Station3.2.3 Nokia Talk-family Base Station3.2.4 BTS downlink combining options

3.3 Base Station Controller

4 Network Switching Subsystem4.1 MSC/HLR4.1.1 EGPRS support

5 GPRS Core6 Network evolution6.1 Voice Evolution6.2 GERAN Evolution6.2.1 Phase 16.2.2 Phase 2

7 Nokia NetAct Operations Support System7.1 Nokia NetAct support for EDGE7.1.1 Planning, building, and optimising GSM/EDGE radio network7.1.2 GSM/EDGE network administration7.1.3 Monitoring GSM/EDGE-related network problems7.1.4 Measuring and reporting for GSM/EDGE7.1.5 Service monitoring with Nokia NetAct Service Quality Manager

7.2 Open interfaces in Nokia NetAct7.3 Hardware solution

8 Transmission8.1 Dynamic Abis

9 Terminals10 EDGE Network Planning Service10.1 Radio network planning10.2 Core network planning10.3 Cellular transmission network planning10.3.1 Pre-planning10.3.2 Nominal planning of cellular transmission solutions10.3.3 Detailed planning of cellular transmission solutions

10.4 Transport network planning

Appendix A. StandardsAppendix B. Glossary

edge technical overview 2-2

Documents