eddie locklear 4-h afterschool director national 4-h council quality afterschool programs how do you...
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Eddie Locklear4-H Afterschool Director
National 4-H Council
Quality Afterschool Programs
How Do You Know When You Have Them? A Youth Development Perspective!
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ObjectivesObjectives
Participants will:Participants will:• Increase knowledge of youth Increase knowledge of youth
development conceptsdevelopment concepts• Increase knowledge of essential elements Increase knowledge of essential elements
of youth developmentof youth development• Learn strategies to achieve youth Learn strategies to achieve youth
development outcomesdevelopment outcomes
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NSACA (NAA) StandardsNSACA (NAA) Standards
• Human RelationshipsHuman Relationships• Indoor EnvironmentsIndoor Environments• Outdoor EnvironmentsOutdoor Environments• ActivitiesActivities• Safety, Health, NutritionSafety, Health, Nutrition• AdministrationAdministration
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SACERSSACERS CategoriesCategories
• Space and FurnishingsSpace and Furnishings• Health and SafetyHealth and Safety• ActivitiesActivities• InteractionsInteractions• Program StructureProgram Structure• Staff DevelopmentStaff Development• Special Needs Supplementary ItemsSpecial Needs Supplementary Items
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Required Elements of Quality Child Required Elements of Quality Child Care, School-Age Care, and Out-of-Care, School-Age Care, and Out-of-School Programs for Older Youth School Programs for Older Youth and Teensand Teens
Experiences to PromotePhysical, Cognitive, Social, EmotionalDevelopment of Children/Youth andStrengthen Family Relationships
Educational Experiences to Promote Learning
Caregiving Experiencesthat:- Nurture- Guide- Protect- Meet Basic Needs
Quality Child Care, School-Age Care, and Out-of-School Programs for Older Youth and Teens
Care
Develo
pmen
t Education
Source: Cooperative Extension System Extension “Cares” for America’s Children and Youth Initiative March, 2001
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What Is Youth Development?
The natural process of developing one’s capacities
Occurs through youth’s daily experiences with people, places, and environment
Too important to be left to chance
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Positive Youth Development
An intentional process that promotes positive outcomes
Provides opportunities, relationships, and the support to fully participate
Youth development takes place in families, peer groups, schools, after-school programs, neighborhoods and communities
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Important Changes In Young Peoples’ Lives
Biological and Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
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Important Needs of Youth
Physiological Safety and Structure Belonging/Membership Closeness/Relationships Competency/Mastery Independence/Control of one’s life Self Worth/Contribution Capacity to enjoy life
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Competencies Needed By Youth
Health/Physical
Personal/Social
Cognitive/Creative
Vocational/Citizenship
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Developmental Statesin Different Domains
Children can be in different developmental stages in each
developmental area.
Source: Cooperative Extension System. Extension "CARES" for America's Children and Youth Initiative, August, 2002.
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Developmental Stages ofChildren and Youth
Degree of Child Self-Regulation
Lower
Child's Age in Years
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood
Early Adolescence
Late Adolescence
Early Adulthood
Higher
Infancy
Source: Cooperative Extension System Extension "CARES" for America's Children and Youth Initiative, August, 2002.
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Contextual Influences on Youth
Family Peers After-School Program School Community Work Leisure
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Essential Elements of Youth Essential Elements of Youth DevelopmentDevelopment
• A positive relationship with a caring adultA positive relationship with a caring adult• Safe physical and emotional environmentSafe physical and emotional environment• Opportunities to master skills and contentOpportunities to master skills and content• Opportunities to practice service to othersOpportunities to practice service to others
(continued) (continued) ⇨⇨
Source: Prepared and Engaged Youth; National 4-H Impact Assessment Project, 2001; USDA; CSREESSource: Prepared and Engaged Youth; National 4-H Impact Assessment Project, 2001; USDA; CSREES
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Essential Elements of Youth Essential Elements of Youth DevelopmentDevelopment
• Opportunities for self-determination, decision-making and goal Opportunities for self-determination, decision-making and goal settingsetting
• Opportunities to be an active, engaged learnerOpportunities to be an active, engaged learner• A positive connection with the futureA positive connection with the future• An inclusive atmosphereAn inclusive atmosphere
Source: Prepared and Engaged Youth; National 4-H Impact Assessment Project, 2001; USDA; CSREESSource: Prepared and Engaged Youth; National 4-H Impact Assessment Project, 2001; USDA; CSREES
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Key Elements Involve Four Concepts
Belonging
Mastery
Independence
Generosity
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Belonging
Positive Relationship with a caring adult
An Inclusive environment
A safe environment
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Mastery
Engagement in Learning
Opportunity for Mastery
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Independence
Opportunity to see oneself as an active participant in the future
Opportunity for self-determination
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Generosity
Opportunity to value and practice service to others
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All Youth will find ways to:
Meet Their Basic Needs
Build Skills and Values
Use their skills, talents, energies and time in ways that make them feel good and powerful
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All Youth Need:
To know they are cared about by others To feel and believe they are capable and
successful To know they are able to influence people
and events To practice helping others Fun and stimulation
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If Belonging and Mastery Needs are Unmet:
Unattached Guarded Rejecting Lonely Aloof Isolated Distrustful
Non-achiever Avoids Risk Fears challenges Unmotivated Gives Up Easily
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If Independence and Generosity Needs Are Unmet:
Submissive Lacks confidence Irresponsible Helplessness Undisciplined Easily influenced
Selfish Narcissistic Hardened Anti-Social Exploitative
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If Belonging and Mastery Needs are met in Negative Ways:
Gang Loyalty Craves Affection &
Acceptance Promiscuous Clinging Overly-Dependent
Overachiever Arrogant Risk-seeker Cheater Workaholic Perseveres Delinquent Skills
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If Independence and Generosity Needs are met in Negative Ways:
Dictatorial Reckless Bully Sexual Prowess Manipulative Rebellious Defies Authority
Overly involved Plays Martyr Co-dependent
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If Belonging and Mastery Needs are met in Positive Ways:
Attached Loving Friendly Intimate Social Cooperative Trusting
Achieving Successful Creative Problem-solver Motivated Persistent Competent
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If Independence and Generosity Needs are met in Positive ways:
Autonomous Confident Assertive Responsible Inner Control Self-Disciplined Leadership
Altruistic Caring Sharing Loyal Empathic Pro-social Supportive
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The Circle of Meeting Youth Needs
• Youth characteristics and behaviors impact whether they will get needs met in new situations.
• Adult responses to needs impact development of characteristics and behaviors in youth.
Response - Increases Characteristic or Behavior
Behavior or Characteristic
Impacts Type of Response
Need Met or Unmet
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Youth OutcomesYouth Outcomes
• CompetenceCompetence Advanced skills in some important subjects of interestAdvanced skills in some important subjects of interest
• CharacterCharacter Clear, consistent moral precepts that effectively guide Clear, consistent moral precepts that effectively guide
behaviorbehavior
• CaringCaring Willingness to respond to the needs and concerns of othersWillingness to respond to the needs and concerns of others
(continued) (continued) ⇒⇒
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Youth OutcomesYouth Outcomes
• ConfidenceConfidence Willingness to take on new challenges and expect Willingness to take on new challenges and expect
successsuccess
• ConnectionsConnections Establishing and maintaining relationships at many Establishing and maintaining relationships at many
levelslevels
• ContributionsContributions Making a difference in the lives of others through Making a difference in the lives of others through
serviceservice
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SummarySummary
• Youth / Adult Interactions Youth / Adult Interactions • Appropriate Activities Appropriate Activities • Safe Environments (physical & psychological safety)Safe Environments (physical & psychological safety)• Developmental Stages of YouthDevelopmental Stages of Youth• Inclusive of Education, Youth Development, and CareInclusive of Education, Youth Development, and Care• Address the Head, Heart, Hands, & Health of YouthAddress the Head, Heart, Hands, & Health of Youth
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Resources:• Eccles, J., & Gootman, J.A. (2002).
Community programs to promote youth development. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309072751/html/1.html
• Kress, C.A. (2004). Essential Elements of 4-H Youth Development. CSREES, USDA, Washington, DC
• www.nsaca.org• www.cyfernet.org• www.4hafterschool.org
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Resources:• www.afterschoolalliance.org• afterschool.org (Promising Practices in
Afterschool)• www.kcyouthnet.org/standards1.asp• www.reeusda.gov/extensioncares/• www.schoolagenotes.com/S101.html• www.gse.harvard.edu/hfrp/projects/
afterschool/about.html (continued) ⇒
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Resources:• Prepared and Engaged Youth: National 4-H
Impact Assessment Project, 2001. USDA, CSREES, Families, 4-H & Nutrition, Washington, D.C.
• After-School Programs & the K-8 Principal. Standards for Quality School-Age Child Care Revised Edition (1999). National Association of Elementary School Principals, 1615 Duke Street, Alexandria, Virginia. 22314-3483.
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