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EDAI has distributed this document in laid-out format; it has 20 pages, whereas the WP file has 34 pages.
If you want to photocopy or distribute it, you may prefer to use the hard copy. Please contact ARCHIVES in
the Information Services Department of the IS.
EDAI ha distribuido este documento maquetado; en esa versión, tiene 20 páginas, mientras que en la de
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Consulte el archivo de documentación de su Sección o póngase en contacto con ARCHIVOS en el
Departamento de Información y Documentación del SI.INTERNO (Sólo para miembros de AI)
Índice AI: ACT 73/02/94/s
Distr: SC/CC/PG
__________________________
Amnistía Internacional
Secretariado Internacional
1 Easton Street
Londres WC1X 8DJ
Reino Unido
A: Todas las Secciones
Coordinadores de Campaña
Coordinadores de Sectores Específicos
De: Unidad de Campañas
Departamento de Investigación
Fecha: Marzo de 1994
ACCIÓN DE SINDICALISTAS 1994
Casos de llamamiento
Resumen
Esta circular contiene ocho casos de llamamientos EXTERNOS de Turquía, Colombia, Haití,
Marruecos, Benín, Chad, Indonesia y China.
Conviene leer esta circular conjuntamente con la circular interna de acciones recomendadas ACT
73/02/94.
Distribución
Esta circular se ha enviado a todas las Secciones y directamente a los coordinadores de Campañas y
de Sectores Específicos.
Acciones Recomendadas
Se ruega hacer llegar este documento a los responsables de preparar y llevar a cabo la acción. Si
tienen alguna duda o sugerencia relacionada con esta acción, rogamos que se pongan en contacto con Robbie
Marsland, de la Unidad de Campañas del Secretariado Internacional (SI).
Palabras clave
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SINDICALISTAS 1 / PRESOS DE CONCIENCIA 1 / EJECUCIÓN EXTRAJUDICIAL / DESAPARICIONES / TORTURA/MALOS TRATOS
/ DETENCIÓN ARBITRARIA / DETENCIÓN SIN JUICIO / DETENCIÓN EN RÉGIMEN DE INCOMUNICACIÓN / HOSTIGAMIENTO /
AGRESIÓN SEXUAL / IMPUNIDAD / CONDICIONES PENITENCIARIAS / MALA SALUD / CENSURA / ACTIVISTAS DE DERECHOS
HUMANOS / ACTIVISTAS POLÍTICOS / MUJERES / MILITARES / POLICÍA / HUELGAS / ELECCIONES / PROBLEMAS DE TIERRAS
/ CONFLICTO ARMADO / AUTOPSIAS / BENÍN / CHAD / COLOMBIA / HAITÍ / CHINA / INDONESIA / TURQUÍA / MARRUECOS /
FOTÓGRAFOS /
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EXTERNO (Para distribución general)
Índice AI: ACT 73/02/94/s
Distr: SC/CC/PG
__________________________
Amnistía Internacional
Secretariado Internacional
1 Easton Street
Londres WC1X 8DJ
Reino Unido
Marzo de 1994
Los textos de los ocho siguientes casos de llamamiento son externos. Las secciones «¿Qué puede
usted hacer?» de cada uno de los casos se facilitan en calidad de sugerencia internas para el envío de cartas.
c. Associated Press
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Turquía: enfrentamientos entre las fuerzas de seguridad y
los participantes en las manifestaciones del 1 de mayo de 1989
ACCIÓN DE SINDICALISTAS 1994
CASOS DE LLAMAMIENTO
1. TURQUÍA - Münir Ceylan
2. COLOMBIA - Wilson Monsalvo Navarro y Elmer Charris Álvarez
3. HAITÍ - Cajuste Lexius, Phabonor St. Vil y Saveur Aurélus
4. MARRUECOS - Abdelhaq Rouissi
5. BENÍN - Basile Houndjo, Étienne Houndjo y Hounguè Mahoussi
6. CHAD - M'Bailao Mianbe
7. INDONESIA - Marsinah
8. CHINA - Liu Jingsheng
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Acción de sindicalistas de 1994 Casos de llamamiento ACT 73/02/94/s
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Münir Ceylan
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condenado por pedir la movilización de los trabajadores en relación con los
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derechos humanos
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Münir Ceylan
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Münir Ceylan, presidente de Petrol-IÕ, sindicato de los trabajadores de la industria petrolífera, fue
condenado por escribir un artículo en un periódico. En el artículo pedía a los trabajadores que manifestaran
su oposición a la creciente oleada de violaciones de derechos humanos que estaba teniendo lugar en el
contexto del conflicto contra las guerrillas del Partido de los Trabajadores Kurdos en el sudeste de Turquía.
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La ejecución de la sentencia impuesta por el Tribunal de Seguridad del Estado se ha aplazado hasta
junio de 1994, momento a partir del cual Münir Ceylan comenzará a cumplir la condena de 20 meses de
reclusión como preso de conciencia. También pertenece a la junta directiva de Türk-IÕ, una de las dos
principales confederaciones sindicales de Turquía.
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El 3 de mayo de 1993, Münir Ceylan fue condenado por promover «la enemistad y el odio», en virtud
del artículo 312/2 del Código Penal turco, por un artículo titulado «Mañana será demasiado tarde», publicado
el 22 de julio de 1991 en el periódico Yeni Ülke (Nueva Tierra), el cual fue clausurado a raíz del hecho. El
artículo no aboga por la violencia ni el odio, simplemente pide al movimiento obrero que haga todo lo
posible por impedir la creciente oleada de violaciones de derechos humanos en la zona mayoritariamente
kurda del sudeste del país.
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La industria petrolífera turca está afincada en la ciudad de Batman, en el sudeste del país, donde,
desde 1991, se han producido más de 350 homicidios políticos, muchos en circunstancias que sugerían la
posible implicación de las fuerzas de seguridad. Entre las víctimas figuraban 10 miembros de Petrol-IÕ,
siendo la más reciente Isa Özer, al que unos asesinos sin identificar mataron el 11 de enero de 1994 en un
atentado armado.
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El 14 de diciembre de 1993, la Sala Novena del Tribunal de Apelaciones ratificó la condena inicial
que el Tribunal de Seguridad Número 1 de Estambul impuso el 3 de mayo contra Münir Ceylan.
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Los procesamientos en virtud de este artículo del Código Penal turco son poco frecuentes. Sin
embargo, Amnistía Internacional ha observado un considerable incremento de los juicios, las condenas y los
encarcelamientos de escritores, artistas, periodistas, activistas de derechos humanos y políticos por ejercer su
derecho a la libertad de expresión y por expresar sus opiniones no violentas. Las acusaciones al amparo del
artículo ocho de la Ley Antiterrorista, la cual prohíbe «la propaganda separatista», independientemente de
que abogue por la violencia, normalmente se formulan contra los escritos o discursos que tratan de la
numerosa minoría kurda de Turquía. Más de 10.000 personas de ambos bandos, entre ellos civiles, han
muerto en el conflicto en las provincias del sudeste entre las guerrillas del Partido de los Trabajadores
Kurdos y las fuerzas de seguridad.
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Münir Ceylan tiene 43 años de edad, está casado y es padre de dos niños.
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Petrol-IÕ se fundó en 1950 y es el sindicato de los trabajadores de las industrias petrolífera, química
y del caucho. Con 62.000 miembros y 24 secciones regionales es uno de los sindicatos más activos de
Turquía, y además de su labor normal en las relaciones laborales, cuenta con un programa de investigación y
de publicación.
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¿QUÉ PUEDE HACER USTED?
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Envíen cartas, fax, telegramas y télex:
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! pidiendo que se tomen medidas urgentes para reconsiderar el caso de Münir
Ceylan, el cual será encarcelado por ejercer pacíficamente su derecho
a la libertad de expresión;
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! señalando que si se encarcela a Münir Ceylan, su reclusión vulnerará
el artículo 10 del Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos
Humanos y las Libertades, que ampara la libertad de expresión;
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! señalando que Turquía ha ratificado los convenios 87 y 98 de la
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y preguntando a las
autoridades qué medidas van a tomar para garantizar que se permite a
los sindicalistas, como Münir Ceylan, organizarse y asociarse
libremente;
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LLAMAMIENTOS:
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1. Prime Minister Primera ministra
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Mrs Tansu Çiller
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Office of the Prime Minister
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BaÕbakanl2k
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06573 Ankara, Turquía
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ar Telegramas: Prime Minister, Ankara, Turkey
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Télex: 44061/44062/44063 bbmt tr
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42099 basb tr
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42875 bbk tr
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Fax: +90 312 417 04 76 PRIME MINISTER
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2. Minister of Justice Ministro de Justicia
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Mr. Seyfi Oktay
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Adalet Bakanl2—2
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06659 Ankara, Turquía
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Telegramas: Justice Minister, Ankara, Turkey
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Fax: +90 312 425 4066
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3. Minister of Labour and Social Security Ministro de Trabajo y
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Mehmet Mo—ultay Seguridad Social
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Cal2Õma ve Sosyal Güvenlik
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Bakanl2—2
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06100 Ankara
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Telegramas: Minister of Labour, Ankara, Turkey
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Fax: +90 312 417 9765
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COPIAS A:
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Petrol-¤Õ
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Y2ld2z Posta Cad.
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Eren Sitesi D Blok
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Gayrettepe 8020
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Istanbul, Turquía
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Tel: 212 274 8891
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Fax: 212 274 7446
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c. Jenny Matthews
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Wilson Monsalvo Navarro y
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Elmer Charris Álvarez
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temen por su
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seguridad en Colombia
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Trabajadores de una plantación de plátanos en
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Uraba, Antioquía, abril de 1990
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En los últimos meses, Wilson Monsalvo Navarro y Elmer Charris Álvarez,
miembros del Sindicato de Campesinos y Agricultores de Guaimaro,
Salamina-Magdalena, han recibido varias amenazas de muerte verbales. Wilson
Monsalvo Navarro es vicepresidente del sindicato en el departamento de
Magdalena.
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Los antecedentes de asesinatos y hostigamientos sufridos por los
miembros de este sindicato han incrementado la preocupación de Amnistía
Internacional.
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El sindicato está compuesto por unas 50 familias que ocuparon una zona
conocida como Playones Baldíos de Laura y Castro a comienzos de 1990. La
propiedad de la tierra es reclamada por un terrateniente local que, según
informes, ha presentado cargos penales contra tres miembros del sindicato
por usurpación de tierras.
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Desde que ocuparon las tierras, los sindicalistas han sufrido amenazas
de muerte, hostigamientos y acusaciones de pertenecer a la guerrilla por parte
de miembros de las fuerzas armadas y de seguridad, algunos de los cuales
pertenecen al Batallón de Contrainsurgencia Número 6 del ejército. En 1991,
Eudaldo Sierra Caballero, asesor sindical, fue torturado y asesinado. El 15
de octubre de 1993, cuatro individuos armados asesinaron a Jaime Rodríguez
Fontalvo, activo miembro del sindicato dedicado al trabajo de derechos
humanos. Los responsables todavía no han comparecido ante los tribunales.
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El 30 de diciembre de 1993, Wilson Monsalvo Navarro recibió una amenaza
telefónica en la que le amenazaban con que, si no tenía cuidado, correría
la misma suerte que otros miembros del sindicato que habían apoyado a los
usurpadores de tierra.
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INFORMACIÓN GENERAL
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En los últimos años, en Colombia se han producido numerosas y
sistemáticas violaciones de derechos humanos, entre ellas tortura, detención
arbitraria, desapariciones forzadas y ejecuciones extrajudiciales. El
presidente César Gaviria Trujillo ha reiterado el compromiso de su gobierno
con la defensa de los derechos humanos. Sin embargo, los miembros de las
fuerzas armadas y de seguridad siguen cometiendo graves abusos casi
impunemente. Entre los grupos que más a menudo sufren las detenciones
arbitrarias y otros formas de abusos cometidos por las fuerzas de seguridad
figuran los dirigentes civiles, los sindicalistas y los activistas de
derechos humanos. También suelen ser objeto de estos abusos los campesinos
que hacen campañas para acceder a las tierras o que poseen tierras reclamadas
por grupos de interés poderosos, como los terratenientes.
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¿QUÉ PUEDE HACER USTED?
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Envíen cartas, fax, telegramas y télex:
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! manifestando preocupación por la seguridad de Elmer Charris Álvarez,
Wilson Monsalvo Navarro y los miembros del Sindicato de Campesinos y
Agricultores de Guaimaro, Salamina-Magdalena que han recibido amenazas
de muerte;
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! instando a que estas amenazas se investiguen exhaustiva e
imparcialmente, y a que los responsables comparezcan ante los
tribunales;
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! instando a que se investiguen exhaustiva e imparcialmente las aparentes
ejecuciones extrajudiciales de Eudaldo Sierra Caballero y Jaime
Rodríguez Fontalvo;
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! instando a las autoridades a que tomen todas las medidas necesarias para
garantizar que el sindicato puede llevar a cabo sus actividades
legítimas sin temor a sufrir intimidaciones;
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! instando al Instituto Colombiano de Reforma Agraria (INCORA) a que
encuentre una solución a este problema de tierras que garantice la
integridad física de los campesinos implicados;
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! señalando que Colombia ha ratificado los convenios 87 y 98 de la
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y preguntando qué medidas
van a tomar las autoridades para garantizar que los sindicalistas, como
Elmer Charris Álvarez y Wilson Monsalvo Navarro, no son víctimas de
violaciones de derechos humanos que quizá vulneren sus derechos a
organizarse y asociarse.
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LLAMAMIENTOS:
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1. Presidente de Colombia:
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Señor Presidente César Gaviria Trujillo
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Presidente de la República
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Palacio de Nariño
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Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia
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Telegramas: President Gaviria, Bogotá, Colombia
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Télex: 44281 PALP CO
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Fax: + 57 1 286 7324/7434; 287 7937
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Tratamiento: Excelentísimo Sr. Presidente/Dear President Gaviria
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2. Procurador general:
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Dr. Carlos Gustavo Arrieta Padilla
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Procurador General de la Nación
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Procuraduría General
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Edificio Banco Ganadero
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Carrera 5, No. 15-80
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Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia
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Telegramas: Procurador General Arrieta, Bogotá, Colombia
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Fax: + 57 1 284 0472
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Tratamiento: Sr. Procurador de la Nación/Dear Dr. Arrieta
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3. Ministro de Defensa:
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Dr. Rafael Pardo Rueda
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Ministro de Defensa Nacional
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Ministerio de Defensa Nacional
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Avenida Eldorado - Carrera 52
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Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia
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Telegramas: Ministro de Defensa Pardo Rueda, Bogotá, Colombia
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Télex: 42411 INPRE CO; 44561 CFAC CO
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Fax: + 57 1 222 1874
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Tratamiento: Sr. Ministro/Dear Minister
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4. Director del Instituto Colombiano de Reforma Agraria
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Dr Luis Hernando Murcia
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Gerente General INCORA
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INCORA
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CAN
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Santa Fé de Bogotá
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Telegramas: Gerente General INCORA, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Tratamiento: Estimado Doctor / Dear Sir
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COPIAS A:
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Organizaciones de derechos humanos
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Señores
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CSPP
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Carrera 6a
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No. 14-98 Oficina 1102
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Apartado Aéreo 22803
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Santa Fé de Bogotá
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y a la representación diplomática acreditada de Colombia en el país del
remitente.
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Malos tratos contra
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tre sindicalistas en Haití
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Cajuste Lexius
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Tres sindicalistas pertenecientes a una de las principales centrales
sindicales independientes del país, la Central General de Trabajadores (CGT),
fueron detenidos el 23 de abril de 1993. Cajuste Lexius, secretario general
de la CGT, Phabonor St. Vil y Saveur Aurélus iban a entregar un comunicado
de prensa de su organización en apoyo de la huelga general convocada para
el 26 de abril por la Asamblea Nacional Popular. El objetivo de la huelga
era pedir el regreso al poder del presidente Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Tanto
las autoridades militares gobernantes que habían destituido al presidente
Aristide como el Ministerio de Interior emitieron sendos comunicados en los
que instaban a la población a ignorar la convocatoria de huelga.
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Según informes, agentes de policía uniformados pertenecientes a la
Compañía 30 detuvieron a los tres hombres delante de Radio Caribe, en Puerto
Príncipe, la capital. Mientras estuvieron detenidos en la comisaría, los
agentes los golpearon fuertemente con porras y los propinaron patadas y, según
informes, un agente de policía se puso de pie sobre el pecho de Cajuste Lexiu.
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El 26 de abril, los tres hombres fueron transferidos al Servicio de
Investigación de la Delincuencia Organizada. Cajuste Lexius había sido
maltratado tan gravemente que permaneció inconsciente dos días. El 27 de
abril, le trasladaron a un hospital militar por recomendación de un médico
que examinó a los tres sindicalistas el día de su liberación. Phabonor St.
Vil y Saveur Aurélus quedaron en libertad el 29 de abril. Según informes,
los tres precisaron atención médica a causa de los malos tratos que les
infligieron las fuerzas de seguridad. Especialmente grave era el caso de
Cajuste Lexius, que, al parecer, sufrió un fallo renal y precisó diálisis
y tenía abiertas las heridas causadas por los golpes en las nalgas. Al final,
el 21 de mayo, fue liberado sin cargos del hospital, pero no le devolvieron
varios documentos, como el pasaporte, que le habían sido incautados en el
momento de la detención.
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El artículo 26 de la Constitución de Haití de 1987 exige que «no se
mantendrá detenida a una persona si, en el plazo de 48 horas desde su
detención, no ha comparecido ante un juez que decida sobre la legalidad de
la detención y si el juez no ha confirmado que la detención estuvo
justificada». Sin embargo, los tres sindicalistas no comparecieron ante un
juez, sino que fueron transferidos al Servicio de Investigación de la
Delincuencia Organizada.
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INFORMACIÓN GENERAL
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La noche del 29 al 30 de septiembre de 1991, tropas del ejército
derrocaron violentamente mediante un golpe de Estado al gobierno del
presidente Jean-Bertrand Aristide, que había sido elegido democráticamente.
El gobierno sólo llevaba siete meses en el poder. Desde entonces, Amnistía
Internacional ha tenido conocimiento de numerosas violaciones de derechos
humanos perpetradas por las fuerzas de seguridad, entre ellas un elevado
número de ejecuciones extrajudiciales, tortura y malos tratos y detenciones
en masa sin orden judicial. Estos abusos han sido perpetrados por agentes
de las fuerzas de seguridad en uniforme o por fuerzas auxiliares de las
primeras.
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En los últimos meses han aumentado gravemente las violaciones de
derechos humanos en Haití, especialmente desde que la misión civil de las
Naciones Unidas y de la OEA abandonó el país los días 15 y 16 de octubre de
1993.
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La vuelta al poder del presidente Aristide estaba fijada para el 30 de
octubre de 1993, según el acuerdo de la Isla del Gobernador, firmado el 3
de julio de 1993 por Aristide y el jefe supremo de las fuerzas armadas, general
Raoul Cédras.
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El presidente Aristide no volvió al poder el 30 de octubre de 1993, y
no hay ningún indicio de que haya otra fecha fijada en firme para su vuelta.
Los que realmente gobiernan el país son el general Cédras y el jefe de policía
Michel François. El país sigue asolado por las frecuentes agresiones y
amenazas que las fuerzas de seguridad y sus fuerzas auxiliares cometen contra
los partidarios del presidente Aristide.
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¿QUÉ PUEDE HACER USTED?
ar
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Envíen cartas, telegramas, fax y télex:
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! pidiendo que se investiguen los presuntos malos tratos sufridos por los
tres sindicalistas y que los responsables comparezcan ante los
tribunales;
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! pidiendo a las autoridades que tomen las medidas oportunas que
garanticen que este tipo de violaciones no continúan cometiéndose;
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! señalando que Colombia ha ratificado los convenios 87 y 98 de la
Organización Internacional del Trabajo y preguntando qué medidas van
a tomar las autoridades para garantizar que los sindicalistas, como
Phabonor ST. VIl y Saveur Aurélus, no son víctimas de violaciones de
derechos humanos que quizá vulneren sus derechos a organizarse y
asociarse.
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LLAMAMIENTOS:
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1. Comandante militar de las fuerzas armadas
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Monsieur le Général Raoul CEDRAS
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Commandant-en-Chef des Forces armées
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d'Haiti
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Grand Quartier général des Forces
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armées d'Haiti
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Rue Geffrard
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Port-au-Prince
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Haití
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Telegramas: Commandant-en-Chef des Forces armées d'Haiti Cédras,
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Port-au-Prince, Haití
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Telephone: + 509 22 3935
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Télex: 20391 gqfadh
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Fax: + 509 23 9007, + 509 23 9407
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Tratamiento: Monsieur le Général / Dear General / Señor general
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2. Jefe de la policía nacional
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Monsieur le Lt. Colonel Michel FRANÇOIS
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Chef de la Police Nationale
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Grand Quartier générale de la Police
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Port-au-Prince, Haití
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Telegramas: Chef, Police Nationale, Port-au-Prince, Haití
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COPIAS A:
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Organizaciones de derechos humanos
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Commission de l'Ogith des Droits
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Humains et Syndicaux (CODDHUS)
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Route de Delmas et Delmas 11
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No. 121 bis, 2ème étage
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Port-au-Prince, Haití
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Prensa (semanal)
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Haiti en Marche
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173 N.W. 94 St
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Miami
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FL 33150, EE UU
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y a la representación diplomática acreditada de Haití en el país del
remitente.
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Desaparición forzada de
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Abdelhaq Rouissi en Marruecos
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Abdelhaq Rouissi
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Abdelhaq Rouissi «desapareció» el 4 de octubre de 1964, hace ya 29 años.
Era empleado de banca en el Banque du Maroc y activista de la Unión Marroquí
del Trabajo. No consta que hubiera ningún testigo de su detención, pero se
encontró rastro de sangre en su habitación. La confirmación de que había sido
detenido y de que posteriormente estuvo recluido en sucesivos centros de
detención secretos procedió de testimonios posteriores realizados por ex
«desaparecidos» a lo largo de las tres últimas décadas. Las reiteradas y
persistentes peticiones a las autoridades marroquíes de Amnistía
Internacional y de otras organizaciones de derechos humanos, entre ellas
organizaciones marroquíes, para que le liberen inmediatamente o clarifiquen
la suerte que ha corrido se han topado con un muro de silencio.
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Abdelhaq Rouissi había adoptado una postura activa en relación con
cuestiones políticas y se había opuesto al gobierno marroquí. Abdelhaq
Rouissi pidió que se boicotearan las elecciones legislativas de 1962, con
las cuales se pretendía la formación de un gobierno representativo bajo una
monarquía fuerte, y se opuso al conflicto fronterizo con Argelia de 1963.
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Amnistía Internacional está hondamente preocupada debido a que Abdelhaq
Rouissi, al que considera preso de conciencia, continúa recluido y su estado
de salud se está deteriorando gravemente. Recientemente, la organización ha
recibido informes que confirman que sigue vivo y detenido en un centro
secreto. Los informes indican que continúa detenido porque su salud es
demasiado precaria para que le liberen al exterior.
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Amnistía Internacional siente preocupación debido a que Abdelhaq
Rouissi continúa recluido en un centro secreto y ha pedido a las autoridades
marroquíes que le liberen inmediatamente o que permitan que sus familiares
puedan visitarlo por primera vez en los 29 años que lleva «desaparecido».
Asimismo, la organización ha pedido a las autoridades que proporcionen
inmediatamente a Abdelhaq Rouissi cuidados médicos completos.
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La familia de Abdelhaq Rouissi y las organizaciones de derechos humanos
marroquíes continúan pidiendo su liberación. En octubre de 1993, su familia
y la de otros dos «desaparecidos» organizaron una conferencia de prensa en
Casablanca para pedir su liberación.
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Desde principios de los años 60, el gobierno marroquí empleó las
desapariciones forzadas como un medio de castigar a algunos presuntos
opositores políticos. Las personas «desaparecidas» han permanecido recluidas
en centros secretos en condiciones inhumanas durante años. Muchas de ellas
murieron detenidas y fueron enterradas en secreto. Nunca se ha informado a
las familias y jamás se ha realizado ninguna investigación. Aunque en 1991
fueron liberados más de 300 víctimas coincidiendo con una campaña mundial
contra las violaciones de derechos humanos en Marruecos, sigue sin explicarse
la suerte corrida por cientos de ex «desaparecidos».
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¿QUÉ PUEDE HACER USTED?
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Envíen cartas, télex y fax:
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! pidiendo la liberación inmediata e incondicional de Abdelhaq Rouissi,
preso de conciencia, detenido únicamente por sus actividades sindicales
y por sus opiniones políticas no violentas;
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! expresando su horror por el hecho de que Abdelhaq lleva recluido desde
octubre de 1964 y pidiendo que sus familiares puedan visitarlo por
primera vez en 29 años;
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! expresando su preocupación por los informes sobre que su salud se
encuentra muy deteriorada y pidiendo garantías de que una vez que sea
liberado recibirá cuidados médicos completos;
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! instando a las autoridades marroquíes a que liberen a los cientos de
«desaparecidos» que continúan detenidos y a que pongan fin a esta
práctica;
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! señalando que Marruecos no ha ratificado el convenio 87 de la
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), el cual garantiza a los
trabajadores y a los empresarios el derecho a formar y afiliarse a las
organizaciones que elijan. Pidan a las autoridades que ratifiquen este
convenio como una señal de su compromiso con los derechos humanos de
los sindicalistas y de todos los demás ciudadanos marroquíes.
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LLAMAMIENTOS:
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1. El rey
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Sa Majesté Hassan II / His Majesty King Hassan II
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Bureau de Sa Majesté le Roi
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Palais Royal
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Rabat, Marruecos
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Telegramas: King Hassan II, Rabat, Marruecos
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Télex: 31744 ó 32908
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Tratamiento: Sire / Your Majesty / Su majestad
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2. Ministro de Justicia
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M. Moulay Mustapha Belarbi Alaoui
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Ministre de la Justice
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Ministère de la Justice
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Palais de la Manounia
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Rabat, Marruecos
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Telegramas: Ministre Justice, Rabat, Marruecos
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Télex: 36888
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Tratamiento: Excellence / Your Excellency / Su excelencia
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3. Ministro de derechos humanos
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M. Omar Azziman
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Ministre délégué auprés du Premier Ministre
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Chargé des droits de l'homme
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Bureau du Premier Ministre
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Palais Royal
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Rabat
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Marruecos
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Fax: 212 7 77 68 37
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Télex: 36161
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Tratamiento: Excellence / Your Excellency / Su excelencia
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4. Ministro de Interior
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M. Driss Basri
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Ministre de l'Intérieur
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Ministère de l'Intérieur et de l'Information
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Quartier Administratif
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Rabat, Marruecos
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Telegramas: Ministre Interieur, Rabat, Marruecos
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Télex: 36161, 36731, 36969 ProCivile Rabat
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Fax: 212 7 763011 ó 212 7 766908
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Tratamiento: Excellence / Your Excellency / Su excelencia
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5. Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores
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M. Abdellatif Filali
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Ministre d'État chargé des Affaires étrangères
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Ministère des Affaires étrangères et de la Coopération
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Avenue Franklin Roosevelt
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Rabat, Marruecos
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Telegramas: Ministre Affaires Etrangères, Rabat, Marruecos
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Télex: 36014, 36707, 36117, 36064
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Fax: 212 7 764679
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Tratamiento: Excellence / Your Excellency / Su excelencia
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COPIAS A :
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M. Mohamed Mikou, Secrétaire Général
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Conseil consultatif des droits de l'homme
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24 place des Chouhada
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BP 1341
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Rabat, Marruecos
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Fax: 212 7 726856
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y a la representación diplomática acreditada de Marruecos en el país del
remitente.
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Basile Houndjo Hounguè Mahoussi Étienne Houndjo
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Basile Houndjo, Étienne Houndjo y
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Hounguè Mahoussi encarcelados sin cargos ni juicio en Benín
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En Benín, tres miembros del sindicato campesino MIGBE-AYA («Rechazamos
la pobreza») llevan detenidos desde diciembre de 1992. Amnistía Internacional
no dispone de ninguna información que indique que hayan comparecido ante un
tribunal o que ni siquiera se hayan presentado cargos contra ellos. Al
parecer, les mantienen retenidos simplemente porque aconsejaron a un
habitante de un pueblo vecino que había sufrido un intento de robo a mano
armada, en el que, según parece, estuvieron implicados dos gendarmes, que
presentara una demanda ante una autoridad judicial.
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Basile Houndjo, Étienne Houndjo y Hounguè Mahoussi parecen ser presos
de conciencia detenidos únicamente porque aconsejaron a una persona agraviada
que ejerciera su derecho a pedir una reparación. No está claro si también
permanecen retenidos debido a su pertenencia al sindicato campesino
«MIGBE-YA», el cual lleva protestando desde 1992 contra del pago de un
impuesto municipal.
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Los tres llevan detenidos más de un año en la cárcel civil de Athiémé,
donde se dice que las condiciones son muy duras. Al parecer, durante los tres
primeros meses de reclusión les mantuvieron encadenados. Según informes, en
febrero de 1994 estaban recluidos hacinados en una celda de reducido tamaño.
Les permiten las visitas de sus familiares pero no les han permitido ver a
sus abogados.
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Su detención parece estar relacionada con un incidente que se produjo
la noche del 12 al 13 de noviembre de 1992 en el pueblo de Gbedji-Dahè (a
70 kilómetros al noroeste de Cotonou, la capital de Benín). El 13 de noviembre,
a primeras horas de la mañana, cuatro personas (dos de ellas gendarmes
uniformados) asaltaron la tienda de Léonard Hounkpévi con la intención de
robarla. Sin embargo, los familiares y amigos de la víctima resistieron el
asalto y lograron desarmar y detener a los dos gendarmes. Las otras dos
personas escaparon.
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Léonard Hounkpévi informó inmediatamente del incidente al alcalde y jefe
del pueblo. Éste no tomó ninguna medida y liberó a los gendarmes temprano
por la mañana. El jefe del destacamento de Houéyogbe, al que pertenecían los
dos gendarmes, llegó al día siguiente y manifestó que desaprobaba el robo.
Hizo que las personas del pueblo entregaran las armas que habían confiscado
e intentó convencer a Léonard Hounkpévi de que no presentara cargos.
slmult1
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Léonard Hounkpévi se negó a echar tierra sobre el incidente debido a
que los asaltantes le habían robado casi 500.000 francos CFA (10.000 francos
franceses o 2.000 $ EE UU). Pidió asesoramiento a miembros del sindicato
campesino «MIGBE-AYA» que vivían en un pueblo vecino. Uno de ellos le llevó
a ver a un abogado de Cotonou, el cual redactó una denuncia y se la remitió
al fiscal adscrito al tribunal de Lokossa, en el sudeste de Benín. Sin embargo,
el fiscal se negó a aceptar la denuncia, que tuvo que volver a ser enviada
para lograr un acuse de recibo oficial.
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A las cinco de la madrugada del 27 de noviembre de 1992, unos pocos días
después de presentarse la denuncia, un pelotón formado por unos 15 gendarmes
de varios destacamentos del distrito rodeó la tienda de Léonard Hounkpévi
y le detuvo. Después, algunos de los gendarmes se dirigieron al domicilio
familiar del detenido, donde, durante una discusión, resultaron muertos por
disparos un gendarme vestido de civil y uno de los hermanos de Léonard
Hounkpévi, Mègnissi Hounkpévi. Según un testigo, el gendarme fue abatido por
un miembro de las fuerzas de seguridad que estaba apuntando a otro de los
hermanos de Léonard Hounkpévi. Al parecer, esta versión fue confirmada por
una autopsia cuyos resultados no se han hecho públicos y que, según parece,
revela que la bala que alcanzó al gendarme fue disparada por un arma que sólo
podía estar en posesión de un miembro de las fuerzas de seguridad.
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Algunos días más tarde, el 9 de diciembre, el fiscal del tribunal de
Lokossa citó a tres sindicalistas, Basile Houndjo, Étienne Houndjo y Hounguè
Mahoussi. La citación estaba relacionada con la investigación que se había
abierto después de que Léonard Hounkpévi presentó su denuncia. Sin mediar
ninguna explicación, les llevaron inmediatamente a la prisión civil de
Athiémé, donde continúan recluidos desde entonces. El 8 de octubre de 1993,
Leónard Hounkpévi quedó en libertad provisional, al parecer, por falta de
pruebas.
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Desde su detención se ha negado a los sindicalistas el derecho a ver
a su abogado, al cual se ha negado el acceso al expediente de los detenidos
e ignora si se han formulado cargos contra sus clientes. Según fuentes
extraoficiales, a los sindicalistas los han interrogado en relación con la
muerte del gendarme. Ninguno de ellos estuvo en el lugar de los incidentes
que tuvieron lugar el 12 y el 27 de noviembre; su única relación con el hecho
es que animaron a Léonard Hounkpévi a que presentara una denuncia, un derecho
reconocido por las leyes de Benín.
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Amnistía Internacional siente preocupación debido a que los tres
sindicalistas no han podido comparecer ante un magistrado para impugnar el
fundamento legal de su detención. Parece que permanecen detenidos sin cargos
ni juicio y en contra de los procedimientos judiciales vigentes. Toda la
información de que dispone Amnistía Internacional actualmente indica que son
presos de conciencia.
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¿QUÉ PUEDE HACER USTED?
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Envíen cartas y télex, preferentemente en francés:
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! expresando preocupación por la reclusión de Basile Houndjo, Étienne
Houndjo y Hounguè Mahoussi desde diciembre de 1992; y pidiendo
información sobre los motivos por los que se detuvo a estos tres
sindicalistas y por los que permanecen recluidos sin cargos ni juicio;
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! instando a las autoridades a que investiguen las denuncias de que los
tres detenidos permanecieron encadenados y pidiendo garantías de que,
de confirmarse este extremo, se tomarán medidas para acabar con esta
práctica que es una forma de trato cruel, inhumano o degradante;
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! explicando que si sólo fueron detenidos por animar a alguien a presentar
una denuncia legal contra un miembro de las fuerzas de seguridad,
Amnistía Internacional los considerará presos de conciencia y pedirá
su liberación inmediata e incondicional;
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! señalando que Benín ha ratificado los convenios 87 y 98 de la
Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y preguntando qué medidas
van a tomar las autoridades para garantizar que los sindicalistas, como
Basile Houndjo, Étienne Houndjo y Hounguè Mahoussi, no son víctimas de
violaciones de derechos humanos que quizá vulneren sus derechos de
organización y de asociación.
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También pueden animar a otras personas de su país, especialmente
sindicalistas y campesinos, a que envíen llamamientos a las autoridades de
Benín.
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LLAMAMIENTOS:
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1. Son Excellence Su excelencia
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Monsieur Nicéphore Soglo
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Président de la République
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La Présidence
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COTONOU
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República de Benín Télex: 5222
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2. Monsieur Yves Yehouessi Señor ministro
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Ministre de la Justice, Garde des Sceaux
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Ministère de la Justice
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BP 967
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COTONOU
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República de Benín
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3. Monsieur Robert Dossou Señor ministro
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Ministre des affaires étrangères et de la coopération
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BP 318
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COTONOU
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República de Benín Télex: 5200: Fax (+229) 30 03 45
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COPIAS A:
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Commission béninoise des droits de l'homme
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BP 04-0607
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COTONOU
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República de Benín
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y a la representación diplomática acreditada de Benín en el país del
remitente.
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M'Bailao Mianbe
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abatido a tiros en Chad
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El 26 de junio de 1993, cuatro hombres armados, vestidos con uniformes
militares, siguieron en un todoterreno a M'Bailao Mianbe, presidente del
Sindicato de Empleados de la Administración General, cuando se dirigía en
un vehículo a su trabajo, y le abatieron a tiros.
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En ese momento, M´Bailao Mianbe era también director de la Secretaría
Permanente para la Reintegración de los Soldados Desmovilizados, comité
estatal responsable de reducir el tamaño de las fuerzas armadas y de
reintegrar a los soldados desmovilizados, y el dirigente de un partido
político de la oposición.
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Parece ser que el homicidio de M'Bailao Mianbe se debió a su labor como
director del comité de reintegración social de los soldados desmovilizados,
un proyecto financiado por el gobierno francés. Dos días antes de su asesinato
había descubierto el robo de 24 millones de francos CFA (88.000 $ EE UU) de
las cuentas del Secretariado y había anunciado su intención de decir el nombre
de los responsables en una radio nacional.
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El 28 de junio, el gobierno anunció que los presuntos responsables del
asesinato habían sido detenidos, pero no reveló sus nombres. No se conocen
más datos, y no hay constancia de que se hayan presentado cargos contra nadie
en relación con la muerte de M'Bailao Mianbe. En otros casos similares, el
gobierno ha anunciado detenciones e investigaciones y varios años más tarde
seguía sin haberse tomado ninguna medida. Por tanto, Amnistía Internacional
tiene motivos para creer que esto puede ser lo que ocurra en el caso de M'Bailao
Mianbe.
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Con el gobierno del presidente Idris Déby, que llegó al poder en
diciembre de 1990, se permitió por primera vez en muchos años la formación
de partidos políticos, sindicatos y organizaciones independientes. Sin
embargo, a fines de 1991, había indicios de que el gobierno no tenía intención
de respetar los objetivos de la Carta Nacional, en la cual se exponían los
objetivos del gobierno de garantizar los derechos y libertades fundamentales,
como la libertad de opinión y de asociación, el derecho a organizar
sindicatos, la libertad de prensa, la libertad de desplazamiento y el derecho
a la propiedad. Aunque se constituyeron grupos de derechos humanos y otras
organizaciones no gubernamentales, como sindicatos, sus afiliados fueron
reiteradamente víctimas de agresiones, homicidios y detenciones cometidos
por las fuerzas de seguridad. El gobierno no ha tomado ninguna medida para
evitar estas violaciones ni para llevar ante los tribunales a los
responsables. Cuando se ha anunciado la detención de los presuntos
responsables, después no ha habido juicio y en la inmensa mayoría de los casos,
los detenidos fueron liberados y se abandonaron las investigaciones. Amnistía
Internacional siente preocupación por la tónica imperante de continuas
ejecuciones extrajudiciales en Chad.
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Durante 1992, los sindicatos organizaron una serie de huelgas en
protesta por los salarios no retribuidos y los despidos efectuados por el
gobierno, el cual respondió deteniendo a los dirigentes sindicales, muchos
de los cuales se escondieron para eludir a las fuerzas de seguridad. Después
de una huelga organizada por la Unión de Sindicatos del Chad en septiembre,
dos de los dirigentes de la huelga fueron detenidos y permanecieron recluidos
48 horas. Según la Conferencia Internacional de Sindicatos Libres, el
gobierno despidió a otros tres cargos sindicales y a 14 afiliados por su
participación en actividades sindicales.
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Después de un llamamiento a la huelga general en octubre, las autoridades
suspendieron las actividades de la Unión de Sindicatos del Chad porque sus
actividades «eran incompatibles con la situación económica del país». El
presidente y el vicesecretario general del sindicato permanecieron detenidos
algunos días, y las autoridades anunciaron que buscaban a otros 20 dirigentes.
A fines de noviembre de 1992, estas medidas se levantaron parcialmente.
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Después de los homicidios de M'Bailao Mianbe y de otras personas críticas
u opuestas al gobierno, las autoridades no han permitido que una investigación
pública e independiente identifique a los autores y les ponga en manos de
la justicia. Por ello, los grupos de derechos humanos chadianos y otros han
llegado a la conclusión de que se protege a los miembros de las fuerzas de
seguridad de las investigaciones y de las sanciones.
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¿QUÉ PUEDE HACER USTED?
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Envíen cartas, télex y fax:
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! diciendo que han leído sobre el homicidio sin esclarecer de M'Bailao
Mianbe. Exponer brevemente la información del caso y las circunstancias
de su muerte;
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! manifestando preocupación debido a que este no es el único homicidio
de un sindicalista cometido por pistoleros que presuntamente son
miembros de las fuerzas de seguridad;
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! explicando cualquier tipo de relación que tengan con los sindicatos de
su país. Puede asimismo explicar la importancia que tiene permitir que
los sindicatos representen a sus afiliados sin temor a ser perseguidos
o a sufrir represalias;
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! pidiendo una investigación judicial exhaustiva sobre las circunstancias
que rodearon la muerte de M'Bailao Mianbe; la suspensión inmediata de
los miembros de las fuerzas de seguridad y de otros presuntos implicados
en la muerte del sindicalista hasta la conclusión de la investigación;
que se hagan públicas las conclusiones; y que las personas responsables
de ordenar o de perpetrar la aparente ejecución extrajudicial de
M'Bailao Mianbe o aquellas otras implicadas en su muerte comparezcan
ante los tribunales;
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! señalando que Chad ratificó los convenios 87 y 98 de la Organización
Internacional del Trabajo y preguntando a las autoridades qué medidas
van a tomar para garantizar que los sindicalistas, como M'Bailao Mianbe,
no son víctimas de violaciones de derechos humanos que quizá vulneren
sus derechos a organizarse y asociarse.
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LLAMAMIENTOS:
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1. Général Idriss DEBY Presidente de la República
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Président de la Républiqe
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Présidence de la République
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N'DJAMENA
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República de Chad
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5307 PRESIREP KD
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TLX: 5201 PRESIREP KD
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Fax: 235 51 4501
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2. Monsieur Delwa Kassiré COUMAKOYE Primer ministro
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Premier Ministre
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Présidence de la République
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N'DJAMENA
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República de Chad
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5307 PRESIREP KD
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TLX: 5201 PRESIREP KD
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Fax: 235 51 4501
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3. Monsieur Abderamane Izzo MISKINE Ministro de Interior
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Ministre de l'Intérieur et de la Sécurité
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Ministère de l'Intérieur
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N'DJAMENA
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República de Chad
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TLX: c/o 5328 MINAFFET KD
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COPIAS A:
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Monsieur Mahamat Choua LOL
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Président du Conseil Supérieur de la Transition
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Conseil Supérieur de la Transition
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N'DJAMENA
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República de Chad
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Periódico:
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Rédacteur-en-Chef
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N'Djaména Hebdo
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BP 760
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N'DJAMENA
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República de Chad
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c. Magnum
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0 Plantación de tabaco en Kudus, Indonesia
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Homicidio de Marsinah, sindicalista indonesia
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A principios de mayo de 1993, Marsinah, obrera industrial de 25 años,
fue torturada, violada y muerta en Java Oriental a causa de su labor como
activista sindical.
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Existen pruebas tajantes de que el asesinato se planeó y llevó a cabo
con el conocimiento y el consentimiento de al menos un oficial militar, y
posiblemente de más.
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Como respuesta a las insistentes peticiones de que los responsables
comparecieran ante los tribunales, las autoridades acusaron de asesinato a
nueve ejecutivos y miembros de la plantilla de la empresa; sin embargo, a
un capitán del ejército le acusaron de faltas disciplinarias.
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El 8 de mayo de 1993, Marsinah fue encontrada muerta en una pequeña choza
en el extremo de un campo a unos 200 kilómetros de su domicilio en Porong,
Java Oriental. Su cuerpo estaba manchado de sangre y cubierto de hematomas,
y su cuello presentaba señales de estrangulamiento. La autopsia reveló que
había sido violada. Los agresores le habían introducido un instrumento romo
por la vagina que le había provocado una grave hemorragia.
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Días antes de su muerte, Marsinah había participado activamente en una
huelga en la fábrica de relojes donde trabajaba. Las autoridades militares,
especialmente el capitán que posteriormente fue acusado de implicación en
el asesinato, intervinieron directamente en el conflicto, e interrogaron a
los trabajadores sobre su participación en la huelga. El 5 de mayo, 13
trabajadores fueron citados por los militares y obligados a ceder o a ser
acusados de celebrar «reuniones ilegales» o de «incitar» a los demás a hacer
la huelga. Esa tarde Marsinah fue a un cuartel militar local para buscar a
sus colegas. Unas horas más tarde, un testigo ocular vio como Marsinah era
obligada a entrar en una minifurgoneta. Posteriormente «desapareció»; su
cuerpo se encontró tres días más tarde.
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La presión de los activistas sindicales y de los grupos de derechos
humanos obligó a que la policía emprendiera una investigación, pero en seguida
se hicieron cargo las autoridades de la inteligencia militar. Al principio,
las autoridades negaron categóricamente que la muerte de Marsinah estuviera
relacionada con el conflicto laboral, e intentaron minimizar todas las
pruebas sobre la implicación militar. Sin embargo, en noviembre de 1991, se
anunció que una de las diez personas detenidas en relación con el asesinato
era el comandante militar de Porong, el cual había colaborado estrechamente
con los ejecutivos de la empresa para acabar con la huelga. A pesar de las
pruebas de que se encontraba en la minifurgoneta en el momento del secuestro
de Marsinah, no fue acusado de asesinato sino de falta disciplinaria por no
informar del delito a sus superiores. Iba a ser juzgado en un tribunal militar
que no estaba abierto al público.
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A partir de noviembre de 1991, nueve civiles fueron acusados de asesinato
y juzgados en tribunales civiles. Los abogados de derechos humanos expresaron
su honda preocupación por las graves irregularidades en que habían incurrido
las autoridades al tratar estos casos. Por ejemplo, algunos de los principales
sospechosos fueron detenidos por hombres sin identificar vestidos de civil
y permanecieron en régimen de incomunicación mientras los interrogaron. Tanto
los militares como la policía negaron inicialmente que conocieran su
paradero, pero posteriormente admitieron que los detenidos estaban bajo su
custodia. Las órdenes de detención se emitieron cuando ya llevaban 19 días
detenidos. Estas irregularidades, que violaban tanto la legislación
internacional como el Código de Enjuiciamiento Criminal de Indonesia,
sugieren que los procesamientos quizá pretendían minimizar la participación
de las fuerzas de seguridad. Un destacado activista de derechos humanos, T.
Mulya Lubis, comentó:
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Ya de por sí, el homicidio de Marsinah representa un ejemplo de empleo
ilegal y repugnante de la autoridad ... Pero, la investigación de su
muerte se está realizando mediante un abuso de autoridad todavía más
repugnante.
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(Asiaweek, 1.5.94)
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¿QUÉ PUEDE HACER USTED?
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! Escribir a la Comisión Nacional de Indonesia sobre Derechos Humanos
instando a que realice una investigación exhaustiva e imparcial sobre
el homicidio de Marsinah, y sobre los informes de irregularidades en
los procedimientos empleados por las autoridades al tratar el caso.
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! Escribir al ministro de Justicia, indicando que si existen pruebas de
que el comandante militar de Porong estuvo implicado en el homicidio
de Marsinah debe ser juzgado por un tribunal civil abierto al público.
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! Escribir al ministro de Trabajo, señalando que Indonesia no ha
ratificado el convenio 87 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo
(OIT), que garantiza a los trabajadores y empresarios el derecho a formar
y a afiliarse a las organizaciones que elijan. Pedir a las autoridades
que ratifiquen este convenio como una muestra de su compromiso con los
derechos humanos de los sindicalistas y de todos los demás ciudadanos
indonesios.
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LLAMAMIENTOS:
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1. Lt. Gen. (Retd) Ali Said Teniente general
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Chairman of the National Commission on Human Rights
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National Commission on Human Rights
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Departemen Kehakiman RI
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Directorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan
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Jl. Veteran No. 11
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Jakarta Pusat
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Indonesia
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2. Haji Utoyo Usman S.H. Ministro de Justicia
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Minister of Justice
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Menteri Kehakiman
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Jl. Rasuna Said Kav. 4-5
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Jakarta Pusat
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Indonesia
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3. Drs. Abdul Latief Ministro de Trabajo
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Minister of Manpower
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Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto
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Jakarta Pusat
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Indonesia
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Liu Jingsheng, sindicalista, detenido sin juicio desde 1992
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Liu Jingsheng
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Liu Jingsheng, trabajador de 39 años de la planta química Tongyi, en
el condado de Tong, cerca de Pekín, fue detenido el 1 de junio de 1992 por
presunta participación en un grupo disidente clandestino. Posteriormente fue
acusado de participar en actividades «contrarrevolucionarias», como planear
formar un sindicato independiente. Desde entonces permanece detenido en
Pekín, junto con otras personas acusadas de «delitos» similares.
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El 27 de septiembre de 1992, Liu Jingsheng fue acusado oficialmente de
«organizar y dirigir un grupo contrarrevolucionario» y de «realizar
propaganda e incitación contrarrevolucionarias». Estos dos delitos están
tipificados en dos artículos del Código Penal chino, y suelen emplearse para
encarcelar a los presos de conciencia. Liu Jingsheng fue acusado de dirigir
un grupo disidente clandestino formado por otros en Pekín a comienzos de 1991
y de crear, a fines de 1991, el Comité Preparatorio de la Unión de Sindicatos
Libres de China, que pedía a los trabajadores que formaran sindicatos libres.
También fue acusado de haber planeado con otras personas la distribución de
folletos en favor de la democracia antes del 4 de junio de 1992, el tercer
aniversario de la represión de 1989 contra el movimiento en favor de la
democracia. Parece ser que redactó e imprimió algunos de los folletos, y
estaba preparando su distribución cuando lo detuvieron a principios de junio
de 1992.
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Liu Jingsheng es un veterano activista en favor de los derechos humanos
que participó en el movimiento «Muralla Democrática» de fines de los años
70 y dirigió la publicación disidente «Exploraciones» con Wei Jingsheng, al
que detuvieron en 1979 y que después pasó 14 años y medio en prisión. A Liu
Jingsheng también lo detuvieron en 1979 pero lo liberaron a los pocos meses.
Cuando lo detuvieron en junio de 1992, parece ser que la policía se incautó
de folletos en favor de la democracia en su domicilio. Liu Jingsheng está
casado y es padre de una niña de 10 años. Sus familiares no han siso autorizados
a verlo desde su detención.
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Según informes, el Comité Preparatorio de la Unión de Sindicatos Libres
de China se constituyó en Pekín. En enero de 1992, se distribuyeron en Pekín
folletos divulgando la existencia del Comité Preparatorio y animando a los
trabajadores a que formaran sindicatos independientes. Los folletos decían
que el nivel de vida de los trabajadores se había deteriorado a lo largo de
la última década y que el sindicato oficial, la Federación de Sindicatos de
Toda China, actuaba como un instrumento de las autoridades y no había
defendido los intereses de los trabajadores. Los folletos también decían que
China era miembro de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y que
tenía el deber de respetar el derecho de los trabajadores a formar sindicatos
libres.
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Según informes, después de la detención en secreto de algunos de sus
miembros en junio de 1992, el Comité Preparatorio distribuyó una declaración
en el Congreso de junio de 1992 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo
(OIT) en Ginebra. La declaración describía los problemas de los trabajadores
en China, uno de los cuales era la falta de legislación que defendiese sus
derechos. La declaración documentaba cómo en China se privaba a los
trabajadores de sus derechos a la libertad de expresión, reunión, huelga y
empleo y describía el deterioro de los derechos de los trabajadores desde
que comenzaron las reformas económicas a fines de los años 70, por ejemplo,
por la falta de disposiciones que garantizasen los derechos básicos de los
trabajadores en el nuevo sector privado. La declaración incluía un compromiso
con «un sistema económico y político basado en la justicia y en los derechos
humanos».
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A principios de junio de 1992, en Pekín se detuvo a otras personas junto
con Liu Jingsheng. El 29 de julio de 1993, la fiscalía popular de la ciudad
de Pekín emitió un acta de acusación contra 16 de ellos, entre los que figuraba
Liu Jingsheng. Diez de ellos fueron acusadas de haber formado o de participar
en algunos grupos disidentes, como el Comité Preparatorio de la Unión de
Sindicatos Libres de China. Los otros seis fueron acusados de participar en
la elaboración o difusión de folletos en favor de la democracia durante el
primer semestre de 1992. A fines de 1992, uno de los acusados fue liberado
bajo fianza pendiente de juicio, al parecer, por motivos médicos, mientras
que los otros 15 siguieron bajo custodia policial. Según informes, a
principios de 1994 estaban recluidos en el Centro de Detención de Banbuqiao,
en Pekín.
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Su juicio debió tener lugar en octubre de 1993, pero se aplazó y, según
informes, la acusación se retiró por falta de pruebas para condenarles. Hasta
principios de febrero de 1994 no se había emitido ningún nuevo escrito de
acusación. Los detenidos seguían pendientes de juicio, y llevaban recluidos
18 meses sin poder ser visitados por sus familias(1). Se ignora si han tenido
acceso a un abogado de su elección.
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¿QUÉ PUEDE HACER USTED?
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Envíen cartas a las autoridades chinas:
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! expresando preocupación debido a que Liu Jingsheng, trabajador de Pekín,
y otras personas recluidas en relación con su caso fueron detenidos
arbitrariamente en Pekín a mediados de 1992 por ejercer pacíficamente
su derecho a la libertad de expresión y de asociación, por ejemplo, por
su presunta participación en el Comité Preparatorio de la Unión de
Sindicatos Libres de China;
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! instando a las autoridades a que le liberen inmediata e
incondicionalmente, de acuerdo con las leyes internacionales de
derechos humanos;
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! pidiendo a las autoridades que ratifiquen los convenios 87 y 98 de la
Organización Internacional del Trabajo, lo que contriburía a garantizar
que nadie en China sufre violaciones de derechos humanos debido a su
participación o labor sindical.
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LLAMAMIENTOS:
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Li Peng Zongli Presidente del gobierno Li Peng
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Guowuyuan Consejo de Estado
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9 Xihuangchenggenbeijie
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Beijingshi 100032
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República Popular China
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Xiao Yang Buzhang Ministro Xiao Yang
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Sifabu Ministro de Justicia
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Xiaguangli
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Beijingshi 100016
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República Popular China
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COPIAS A:
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A la representación diplomática acreditada de China en el país del remitente.
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****
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(1) Para más información sobre el caso, véase el informe de Amnistía Internacional, *** China - Dissident Detained since 1992: Political Trials and Administrative Sentences, ASA 17/05/94, de enero
de 1994.
Acción de sindicalistas de 1994 Casos de llamamiento ACT 73/02/94/s