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2

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2

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3

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;M NB? JL?M?HN ;A? [iXnj kf `kj Zcfj\' k_\ \m`cjgì`klXc ]fiZ\j k_Xk _Xm\ Y\\e Xk nfib k_ifl^_flk_ldXe _`jkfip Xi\ Y\è^ Yifl^_k èkf dfi\ fg\edXe`]\jkXk`fe* Ce k_`j jkl[p n\ n`cc j\\b kf `[\ek`]pXe[ [\jZi`Y\ k_\j\ ]fiZ\j jf k_Xk n\ dXp Y\ Y\kk\i\hl`gg\[ kf Zfe]ifek Xe[ fm\iZfd\ k_\d* Q\ n`cc]fZlj' ]fi k_\ dfjk gXik' fe k_\ eXkli\ f] k_\ ]fiZ\jXknfib' iXk_\i k_Xe dXbè^ jg\Z`]`Z gi\[`Zk`fej jlZ_Xj n_f ;ek`Z_i`jk n`cc Y\' fi _fn ;idX^\[[fe n`cc Y\]fl^_k*

CnXek kf gfèk flk ]ìjk f] Xcck_Xkk_\ !\e[ k`d\!n\ Xi\ jg\Xbè^ f] `j X[\]è`k\ k`d\ jgXe Y\^èeè^ èk_\ H\n N\jkXd\ek [Xpj Xe[ Zfekèlè^ lek`c k_\i\klie f] =_i`jk* Df_e jXpj è - Df_e .6 -4' !F`kkc\Z_`c[i\e' `k `j k_\ cXjkk`d\ **** ! Mf n\ j\\ k_Xkk_\!cXjk k`d\! _X[ Xci\X[p Y\^le è k_\ [Xpj f] k_\;gfjkc\ Df_e* Ie k_\ [Xp f] J\ek\Zfjk' J\k\i `dgc`\[k_\ jXd\ n_\e _\ hlfk\[ Df\c' jXpè^' !Bcj_XccZfd\kf gXjj è [OL SHZ[KH`Z %%%C n`cc gfli flk f] dpjgì`k *** ! Xe[ Xggc`\[ `k kf k_Xkm\ip k`d\*

. J\k\i /6 -4 i\dè[j lj k_Xkfe\ [Xp `j n`k_ k_\Ffi[ Xj X k_fljXe[ p\Xij Xe[ Xk_fljXe[ p\Xij Xj fe\[Xp* C] n\ kXb\ k_XkXk]XZ\ mXcl\' `k d\Xej k_Xkaljk Xc`kkc\ le[\i [^V KH`Z _Xm\ \cXgj\[ ]ifd k_\ [Xp f]J\ek\Zfjk lek`c efn* N_Xk dXb\j `k \Xj`\i kf le[\i)jkXe[ k_Xk k_\ g\fgc\ è k_\ Yffb f] ;Zkj n\i\Xci\X[p è k_\ cXjk[Xpj' fi k_\ cXjk k`d\' Xe[ k_Xkn\jk`ccXi\ è k_\ cXjkk`d\ kf[Xp*

Nf Y\^è fli jkl[p' k_\i\ `j fe\ [`jkèZk`m\ b\pnfi[ n_`Z_ Yiè^j èkf ]fZlj Xcck_\ \m`c ]fiZ\j k_Xk_Xm\ Y\\e i\c\Xj\[ Xe[ Xi\ kf Y\ i\c\Xj\[ è k_`j\e[)k`d\ g\i`f[* N_Xk nfi[ `j !Xek`Z_i`jk*! N_\ b\pjZi`gkli\ kf d\ `j - Df_e .6 -4)..6

F`kkc\ Z_`c[i\e' `k `j k_\ cXjkk`d\6 Xe[ Xj p\ _Xm\_\Xi[ k_Xk Xek`Z_i`jk j_Xcc Zfd\' \m\e efn Xi\k_\i\ dXep Xek`Z_i`jkj7 n_\i\Yp n\ befn k_Xk`k `jk_\ cXjkk`d\*

N_\p n\ek flk ]ifd lj' Ylk k_\p n\i\ efk f] lj7]fi `] k_\p _X[ Y\\e f] lj' k_\p nflc[ ef [flYk_Xm\ Zfekèl\[ n`k_ lj6 Ylk k_\p n\ek flk' k_Xkk_\p d`^_k Y\ dX[\ dXe`]\jk k_Xkk_\p n\i\ efk f]lj*

<lk p\ _Xm\ Xe leZk`fe Ufi Xe Xefèkè^W ]ifdk_\ Bfcp Ie\' Xe[ p\ befn Xcck_è^j*

C _Xm\ efk ni`kk\e lekf pfl Y\ZXlj\ p\ befnefk k_\ kilk_' Ylk Y\ZXlj\ p\ befn `k' Xe[ k_Xkefc`\ `j f] k_\ kilk_*

Q_f `j Xc`XiYlk _\ k_Xk[\e`\k_ k_XkD\jlj `j k_\=_i`jk: B\ `j Xek`Z_i`jk' k_Xk [\e`\k_ k_\ @Xk_\iXe[ k_\ Mfe*

NB? IJ?L;NCIH I@ !;HNC=BLCMN!

Bcj `dgfikXek kf le[\ijkXe[ k_\ d\Xeè^ f] k_\

H?Q QCH?

nfi[ !Xek`Z_i`jk*! BcZfd\j ]ifd XZfdgfle[ Ai\\bnfi[ dX[\ lg f] k_\ gi\gfj`k`fe HU[PXe[ k_\ Ai\\bnfi[ ]fi =_i`jk n_`Z_ `j 2OYPZ[VZ%N_\ gi\gfj`k`feHU[P_Xj knf [`jkèZk d\Xeè^j è Ai\\b* N_\ ]ìjk `j!X^Xèjk*! N_\ j\Zfe[ `j !è gcXZ\ f]*! Nf ]lccple[\ijkXe[ n_Xk n\ Xi\ [\Xcè^ n`k_' n\ _Xm\ kfèZcl[\ Yfk_ d\Xeè^j6 ]ìjk' !X^Xèjk'! Xe[ j\Zfe['!è gcXZ\f]*!

N_\e k_\ Ai\\b nfi[ 2OYPZ[VZd\Xej !Xefèk\[*!N_\ nfi[ [ì\Zkcp Zfii\jgfe[j kf k_\ B\Yi\n nfi[<HZOPHJOn_`Z_ `j lj\[ è k_\ Ic[ N\jkXd\ek Xe[d\Xej k_\ !Xefèk\[ fe\*! Bcj efidXccp kiXejcXk\[!G\jj`X_*! Bcj XdXqè^ _fn dXep =_i`jk`Xej Xe[D\nj Xc`b\ Xi\ `êfiXek k_Xk n_\e n\ jXp' !D\jlj=_i`jk'! n\ Xi\ jXpè^' !D\jlj' k_\ G\jj`X_*!

N_\ mXi`flj cè\j Xcfe^ n_`Z_ ;ek`Z_i`jk fg\iXk\jXi\ Xccjldd\[ lg è k_\ d\Xeè^ f] k_\ eXd\* N_\è`k`Xck_iljk f] ;ek`Z_i`jk `j HNHPUZ[k_\ kil\ ;efèk)\[ Ie\' D\jlj k_\ G\jj`X_* N_\ ]ìjk fg\iXk`fe `j kf^\k i`[ f] k_\ kil\ =_i`jk' D\jlj f] HXqXi\k_*<lk k_Xk`j efk Xcc*N_\ \e[ gligfj\ `j kf i\gcXZ\ B`d n`k_jfd\fe\ \cj\* N_Xk `j n_\i\ k_\ j\Zfe[ d\Xeè^ f]HU[PZfd\j PU$PUWSHJLVM Q\ ZXeefk ]lccp le[\i)jkXe[ n_Xk `j ^fè^ fe è k_\ jgì`klXc i\Xcd lec\jj n\j\\ k_XkMXkXe$j]ìjk fg\iXk`fe `j kf i\dfm\ D\jlj' k_\kil\ ;efèk\[ Ie\* Ylk k_Xk_`j lck`dXk\ gligfj\ `jkf i\gcXZ\ k_\ kil\ G\jj`X_ n`k_ X ]Xcj\ fe\)k_\;ek`Z_i`jk*

IeZ\ n\ îXjg k_`j' n\ i\Xc`q\ k_Xk è dXep*Z_liZ_\j kf[Xp Xek`Z_i`jk `j Xci\X[p _Xi[ Xknfib* C

_Xm\ X ]i`\e[ n_f `j Xd\dY\i f] XZ\ikXè [\efdèX)k`feXc Z_liZ_* ?`^_k p\Xij X^f _\ jX`[ kf d\' !>\i\b*è fli Z_liZ_ D\jlj `j X [ìkp nfi[* Sfl ZXe kXcbXYflk <l[[_X' pfl ZXekXcbXYflk JcXkf' pfl ZXekXcbXYflk GXikè Flk_\i Eè^' Xe[ \m\ipYf[p$j _Xggp*<lk `] pfl kXcbXYflk D\jlj' \m\ipYf[p ^\kj \dYXi)iXjj\[*! Q_Xk `j k_Xk: N_Xk `j k_\ ]ìjk fg\iXk`fe f]k_\ jgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jk)\c`dèXkè^ k_\ kil\ =_i`jk*<lk n_Xk k_fj\ g\fgc\' Xe[ d`cc`fej f] fk_\ij' ]X`ckf

*i\Xc`q\ `j k_Xk k_\ gifZ\jj n`cc efk \e[ k_\i\* N_\lck`dXk\ gligfj\ f] ;ek`Z_i`jk `j efk d\i\cp kf ^\k i`[f] D\jlj7 `k `j kf i\gcXZ\ B`d Yp Xefk_\i*

Ce k_\ G\[`k\iiXe\Xe Xi\X' n_`Z_ è dXep nXpj `jk_\ ]fZlj f] \e[)k`d\ gifg_\Zp' k_\i\ Xi\ k_i\\ dXèi\c`^`fej6 =_i`jk`Xe`kp' Dl[X`jd Xe[ CjcXd* ?XZ_Y\c`\m\j è fe\ Af[* N_\i\ `j fecp fe\ dXafi YXii`\ik_Xk b\\gj k_\d ]ifd le`kè^6 k_XkXnbnXi[ _`jkfi)`ZXc Z_XiXZk\i' D\jlj f] HXqXi\k_* BWMXkXeZflc[g\ijlX[\ k_\ =_liZ_ k_Xkn\ Zflc[ [f Xcci`^_k n`k_ Xe`Z\ ]fid f] i\c`^`fe k_Xk [`[ efk \dYXiiXjj g\fgc\Yp \dg_Xj`qè^ k_\ e\\[ ]fi XYcff[ jXZi`]`Z\ Xe[ k_\le`hl\ ZcX`dj f] D\jlj' k_\ nXp nflc[ Y\ fg\e ]fi XZfXc`k`fe f] k_fj\ k_i\\ i\c`^`fej* Bcj dp g\ijfeXc

6

fgCeCIe k_Xk k_`j `j n_Xk ;ek`Z_i`jk n`cc XZ_`\m\*=\ikXècp X dXafi jg_\i\ f] _`j XZk`m`kpn`cc Y\i\c`^`fe Y\ZXlj\ k_Xk`j k_\ ]`\c[ n_\i\ MXkXej dfjkXk _fd\' Xe[ n_\i\ _`j î\Xk\jk k_i\Xk kf _ldXe`kpc`\j*

NB? @ILGM I@ ;HNC=BLCMN

;ek`Z_i`jk `j jgfb\e f] è k_i\\ [`jkèZk ]fidj* CDf_e .6 -4 jXpj' !F`kkc\ Z_`c[i\e' `k `j k_\ cXjkk`d\6Xe[ Xj p\ _Xm\ _\Xi[ k_Xk HSS[PJOYPZ[j_XccZfd\ **** ! B\i\ ;ek`Z_i`jk `j k_\ k`kc\ f] fe\jg\Z`]`Z g\ijfe* N_\e `k jXpj' ! **** \m\e efn Xi\k_\i\ dXep HSS[PJOYPZ[Z% Ce X[[`k`fe kf fe\ jg\Z`]`Zg\ijfe n_f `j [OL ;ek`Z_i`jk' k_\i\ Xi\ dXep Xek`)Z_i`jkj* BWn\ nXek kf befn n_Xk k_\p _Xm\ èZfddfe' n\ _Xm\kf cffb XkCDf_e 06.)/*

B\i\Yp befn p\ k_\ Mgì`k f] Af[6 ?m\ip jgì`kk_Xk Zfe]\jj\k_ k_Xk D\jlj =_i`jk Uk_\ G\jj`X_W `jU_XjWZfd\ è k_\ ]c\j_ `j f] Af[6

;e[ \m\ip jgì`k k_Xk Zfe]\jj\k_ efk k_XkD\jlj=_i`jk Uk_\ G\jj`X_W `j U_XjWZfd\ è k_\ ]c\j_ `jefk f] Af[6 Xe[ k_`j `j k_Xkjgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jk'n_\i\f] p\ _Xm\ _\Xi[ k_Xk `k j_flc[ Zfd\7 Xe[\m\e efn Xci\X[p `j `k è k_\ nfic[*

Ce X[[`k`fe kf ;ek`Z_i`jk Xj X g\ijfe' Xe[ dXepXek`Z_i`jkj fi dXep g\ijfej' k_\i\ `j k_\ ZWPYP[VMHU[PJOYPZ[n_`Z_ fg\iXk\j è XccXek`Z_i`jkj* <\Xi èdè[ k_Xk k_\ jgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jk ZXeefk fg\iXk\Xepn_\i\ k_Xk k_\ ^fjg\c _Xj efk i\Xccp Y\\eg i\XZ_\[* ;ek`Z_i`jk `j [`]]\i\ek ]ifd gX^Xe`jdY\ZXlj\ k_\ jgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jk lck`dXk\cp `j X[\c`Y\iX k\ [\e`Xc f] k_\ ZcX`d f] D\jlj kf Y\ k_\G\jj`X_* C] k_XkZcX`d _Xj e\m\i Y\\e gi\j\ek\[' k_\i\`j ef jZfg\ ]fi k_\ fg\iXk`fe f] ;ek`Z_i`jk* N_Xk `jn_p Xek Z_i`jk g\ikXèj [`jkèZk`m\cp kf k_\ cXjkX^\6 ègi\m`flj X^\j k_\ ZcX`dj f] D\jlj _X[ efk Y\\egi\XZ_\[* <lk n_\i\ k_\ ZcX`d f] D\jlj `j gi\XZ_\[k_\ [ffi `j fg\e ]fi k_\ jgì`k f] XekaZ_i`jk*

N_\ jgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jk _Xj ]fli [`jkèZk`m\ dXibjn_`Z_ Xi\ Xcc `m\e è C Df_e* N_\ ]ìjk `j jkXk\[ è CDf_e .6 -56

N_\p n\ek flk ]ifd lj' Ylk k_\p n\i\ efk f] lj6]fi `] k_\p _X[ Y\\e f] lj' k_\p nflc[ ef [flYk_Xm\ Zfekèl\[ n`k_ lj6 Ylk k_\p n\ek flk' k_Xkk_\p d`^_k Y\ dX[\ dXe`]\jk k_Xkk_\p n\i\ efk Xccf] lj*

N_\ ]ìjk dXib `j k_XkHU[PJOYPZ[ILNPUZPUHZZVJPH$[PVU ^P[O [OL 2O\YJO% N_`j ]lik_\i Zfe]ìdj k_Xk

-,

Xek`Z_i`jk ZXeefk Xi`j\ n_\i\ k_\ ^fjg\c _Xj efk Y\\egi\XZ_\[*

N_\ j\Zfe[ dXib f] k_\ jgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jk `j k_XkP[KLSSPLZ[OH[9LZSSZ j [OL <LZZPHO%C Df_e .6.. jXpj'!Q_f `j X c`Xi Ylk _\ k_Xk [\e`\k_ k_XkD\jlj `j k_\=_i`jk: B\ `j Xek`Z_i`jk **** !

N_\ k_ì[ dXib f] Xek`Z_i`jk `j [OL KLUPHSVM[OLWLYZVSSZVM [OL 5H[OLY HSSK [OL A>PS ^P[OPSS[OL6VKOLHK%N_\ j\Zfe[ _Xc] f] m\ij\ .. jXpj' !B\ `jXek`Z_i`jk' k_Xk [\e`\k_ k_\ @Xk_\i Xe[ k_\ Mfe*!;ek`Z_i`jk n`cc efk XZbefnc\[^\ k_\ @Xk_\i)Mfei\cXk`fej_`g è k_\ Af[_\X[* Bc[f\j efk [\ep Af['Ylk `k [f\j [\ep k_\ @Xk_\i Xe[ k_\ Mfe*

N_\ ]flik_ dXib `j ]fle[ è CDf_e 06.)/6

?m\ip jgì`k k_Xk Zfe]\jj\k_ k_Xk D\jlj=_i`jk Uk_\ G\jj`X_W `j Zfd\ è k_\ ]c\j_ `j f] Af[6

;e[ \m\ip jgì`k k_Xk Zfe]\jj\k_ efk k_XkD\jlj=_i`jk Uk_\ G\jj`X_W `j Zfd\ è k_\ ]c\j_ `j efk f]Af[6 Xe[ k_`j `j k_Xkjgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jk ****

N_\ ]flik_ dXib `j k_Xk [OL ZWPYP[VMHU[PJOYPZ[KLUPLZ [OH[ [OL <LZZPHOOHZ JVTL% Bc[f\j efke\Z\jjXi`cp [\ep k_\i\ ^PSS IL X d\jj`X_* Ce ]XZk' `kdXp \ogcf`k k_Xk kilk_ kf `kj fne X[mXekX^\*<lk `k[\e`\j k_Xkk_\ G\jj`X_ _Xj HSYLHKZfd\*

F\k d\ jlddXi`q\ k_fj\ ]fli dXibj6 @ìjk' Xek`)Z_i`jk Y\^èj è XjjfZ`Xk`fe n`k_ k_\ =_liZ_* M\Zfe['`k [\e`\j k_Xk D\jlj `j G\jj`X_* N_ì[' `k [\e`\j k_\@Xk_\i Xe[ k_\ Mfe* @flik_' `k [\e`\j k_Xk G\jj`X__Xj Zfd\*

NB? NCNF?MI@ NB? ;HNC=BLCMN

N_\ H\n N\jkXd\ek lj\j k_i\\ fk_\i k`kc\j kf[\jZi`Y\ k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk* . N_\jjXcfe`Xej .6/)4 jXpj6

F\k ef dXe [\Z\`m\ pfl Yp Xep d\Xej U[\Z\g)k`fe `j ;ek`Z_i`jk$j gi`dXip kffcW6 ]fi k_Xk [XpUk_\ [Xp f] k_\ Ffi[W j_Xccefk Zfd\' \oZ\gk k_\i\Zfd\ X ]Xccè^ XnXp ]ìjk Uk_\ Ai\\b jXpj HWVZ$[HZ`$ÔPJO `j X [\c`Y\iXk\ klieè^ XnXp ]ifdi\m\Xc\[ kilk_W Xe[ k_XkdXe f] jè UcXnc\jje\jjWY\ i\m\Xc\[' k_\ ZVUVMWLYKP[PVU%

Q_f fggfj\k_ Xe[ \oXck\k_ _`dj\c] XYfm\ Xcck_Xk`j ZXcc\[Af[' fi k_Xk`j nfij_`gg\[7 jf k_Xk_\Xj Af[ j`kk\k_ è k_\ k\dgc\ f] Af[' j_\nè^_`dj\c] k_Xk _\ `j Af[ U_\ [f\j efk [\ep Af[7iXk_\i' _\ ZcX`dj kf Y\ Af[W*

L\d\dY\i p\ efk' k_Xk' n_\e C nXj p\k n`k_pfl' Ckfc[ pfl k_\j\ k_è^j:

;e[ efn p\ befn n_Xk n`k__fc[\k_ k_Xk _\d`^_k Y\ i\m\Xc\[ è _`j k`d\ Un_Xk i\jkiXèj kfb\\g _`d ]ifd Y\è^ i\m\Xc\[ Y\]fi\ _`j k`d\W*

?>;JM:JO .646

B`jkfip i\m\Xcj dXep Xek`Z_i`jkj*Cle[\ijkXe[ k_Xkk_\ D\n`j_ ?eZpZcfg\[`X eXd\j dfi\ k_Xe ]fikpXek`Z_i`jkj n_f _Xm\ Xi`j\e Xdfe^jk k_\ D\n`j_g\fgc\ jèZ\ k_\ k`d\ f] D\jlj* Ie\ f] k_\ Y\jk befnenXj Gfj\j f] =i\k\ n_f' è XYflk k_\ k_ì[ fi ]flik_Z\eklip f] fli \iX ZcX`d\[ kf Y\ k_\ d\jj`X_*Jifd`jè^ kf kXb\ _`j ]fccfn\ij YXZbkf k_\ cXe[ f]CjiX\c'_\ c\[ k_\d flk èkf k_\ j\X Xe[ k_\p n\i\ Xcc[ifne\[* BcnXj i`[`Zlcflj' Ylk XcjfkiX^`Z*

Ce \jj\eZ\' k_\ ZfeZ\gk f] k_\ d\jj`X_ è Dl[X`jd`j fe\ n_f n`cc ^`m\ k_\ cXe[ YXZbkf k_\ D\n`j_g\fgc\ Xe[ \eXYc\ k_\d kf i\Yl`c[ k_\ k\dgc\* ;epdXe n_f Zflc[ XZ_`\m\ k_Xk nflc[ Z\ikXècp Y\XZZcX`d\[Yp dXep D\nj kf[Xp Xjk_\ì d\jj`X_*

Ce k_\ _`jkfip f] =_i`jk\e[fd k_\i\ _Xm\Xcjf Y\\edXep Xek`Z_i`jkj*Ie\ f] k_\ Zc\Xi\jk \oXdgc\j `jGf_Xdd\[* Gf_Xdd\[ Xifj\ flk f] k_\ Zfek\ok f]=_i`jk`Xe`kp*B\ nXj ]Xd`c`Xin`k_ k_\ k\XZ_è^ f]D\jlj' Xe[ _\ XZbefnc\[^\[ k_XkD\jlj nXj Xgifg_\k*<lk _\ [\e`\[ k_XkD\jlj nXj k_\ Mfe f] Af[* Q_\e XGfjc\d jXpj' !C Y\c`\m\ è D\jlj'! _\ [f\j efk d\Xe'!C Y\c`\m\ è D\jlj Xj k_\ Mfe f] Af[!7 _\ d\Xej' !CY\c`\m\ è D\jlj Xj Xgifg_\k*! <\è^ XnXi\ f] D\jljXe[ B`j ZcX`dj' Xe[ p\k [\epè^ k_\d' `j k_\ \jj\eZ\f] Xek`Z_i`jk*Nf[Xp dXep ]fccfn\ij f] Gf_Xdd\[ZcX`d k_Xk _\ nXj !k_\ Zfd]fik\i! n_fd D\jljgifd`j\[ B\ nflc[ j\e[*

;^Xè' Cnflc[ jXp' n`k_flk Xep [flYk' k_XkB`kc\inXj Xe Xek`Z_i`jk*=\ikXècp _\ _X[ k_\ Zil\ckp f] Xn`c[ Y\Xjk*S\k dlck`kl[\j f] A\idXej jXn _`d Xjk_\ì jXm`fi* HXq` k\okYffbj f] A\idXe _`jkfipi\]\ii\[ kf B`kc\i$j Yi`\] g\i`f[ è gi`jfe Xj _`j!ZilZ`]ò`fe*! Pfe L`YY\ekifg jX`[ f] _`d' !B\ `jk_\ Bfcp Mgì`k*!

Q_\i\ k_\ jgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jkdfm\j è' `k^`m\j d\ejlg\ieXkliXc Zfekifc fm\i fk_\ij* N_\i\ nXj efk_è^è B`kc\i Xj Xg\ijfe è _`j fne i`^_k k_Xknflc[ ^`m\_`d Xep ZcX`dkf è]cl\eZ\ fi Xlk_fi`kp* B\ nXj Xeèj`ê`]`ZXekc`kkc\]X`cli\ Xj X dXe* <lk n_\e k_Xkjgì`k f] Xek`Z_i`jkdfm\[ è' `k\eXYc\[ _`d kf k_ifnn_fc\ Zfekè\ekj èkf klidf`c Xe[ kf Y\ i\jgfej`Yc\]fi k_\ [\Xk_ f] Zflekc\jj d`cc`fej f] g\fgc\* F\k lje\m\i ]fi^\k k_XkZil\ckp `j gXikf] k_\ m\ip eXkli\ f]Xek`Z_i`jk*

;efk_\i jdXcc)jZXc\Xek`Z_i`jkk_XkC\eZflek\i\[

;HNC=BLCMNMNBLIOABION BCMNILS

D>RHAR

C gi\]\i kf kiXejcXk\k_`j nfi[ !n`c[ Y\Xjk*! Bcjl^^\jkj ]`\iZ\e\jj Xe[ Zil\ckp* =\ikXècp k_`j n`cc Y\fe\ Z_XiXZk\i`jk`Zf] k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk)_\ n`cc Y\ Zil\c*

Mf n\ _Xm\k_i\\ fk_\i k`kc\j6k_\ cXnc\jj fe\' fik_\ dXe f] cXnc\jje\jj7 k_\ jfe f] g\i[`k`fe7 Xe[ k_\n`c[ Y\Xjk*

N_\i\ `j fe\ fk_\i k`kc\n_`Z_ `j ]fle[ è L\m\cX)k`fe -/6

;e[ C jXn X ILHZ[%%%c`b\ lekf Xc\fgXi[ *

;e[ k_\p nfij_`gg\[ k_\ [iX^fe n_`Z_ ^Xm\gfn\i lekf k_\ ILHZ[- Xe[ k_\p nfij_`gg\[ k_\ILHZ[#jXpè^' Q_f `j c`b\ lekf k_\ ILHZ[/ n_f `jXYc\kf dXb\ nXi n`k_ _`d:

@fi k_\ dpjk\ip f] è`hl`kp UcXnc\jje\jjW[fk_Xci\X[p nfib6 fecp _\ n_f efn c\kk\k_Ui\jkiXèjWn`cc c\k Ui\jkiXèWlek`c _\ Y\ kXb\e flk f] k_\ nXp*

;e[ k_\e j_Xcck_XkQ`Zb\[ UcXnc\jj fe\W Y\i\m\Xc\[' n_fd k_\ Ffi[ j_XccZfejld\ n`k_ k_\jgì`k f] _`j dflk_' Xe[ j_Xcc[\jkifp n`k_ k_\Yi`^_ke\jj f] _`j Zfdè^6 ****

;ARAM MEEDQAQ HIQ RNNKDECEORINMA OHIKNQNOHVDEIFIEQLAM$

Q\ Xi\ _\i\ ^`m\e knf dfi\ k`kc\j ]fi ;ek`Z_i`jk6[OLSH^SLZZVUL#fi k_\ dXe f] cXnc\jje\jj' Xe[ [OLZVUVMWLYKP[PVU%Iecp fe\ fk_\i g\ijfe è k_\ H\nN\jkXd\ek `j ZXcc\[ k_\ jfe f] g\i[`k`fe6 Dl[XjCjZXi`fk*N_\ j`ê`]`ZXeZ\`j k_XkDl[Xj nXj XeXgfjkc\Xe[ s\ Y\kiXp\[ k_\ Ffi[* N_`j X^Xèj Zfe]ìdXk`fek_Xk$k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk Y\^èj è XjjfZ`Xk`fe n`k_ k_\[`jZ`gc\j f] k_\ kil\ =_i`jk* <lk _\ `j XkiX`kfi*

W -NM!RFNPGER)/EB$ &IQA MARINMAKDAVNFOPAVEPAMDFAQRIMG$

H?Q QCH? ##

g\ijfeXccp è E\epX' ?Xjk ;]i`ZX' nXj GXl GXl* GXepg\fgc\ [f efk befn k_Xk GXl GXl Xifj\ flk f]=_i`jk`Xe d`jj`fej* ;cdfjk Xcck_\ c\X[\ij f] GXl GXli\Z\`m\[ k_\ì \[lZXk`fe ]ifd d`jj`fe jZ_ffcj* Q_\e

**k_\p jkXik\[ GXl GXl' k_\p Zfekèl\[ kf jè^ k_\m\ip _pdej k_Xk k_\ d`jj`feXi`\j _X[ kXl^_k k_\d'kXbè^ flk k_\ eXd\ f] D\jlj Xe[ jlYjk`klkè^ k_Xkf]X gfc`k`ZXcc\X[\i* N_Xk `j k_\ \jj\eZ\ f] Xek`Z_i`jk6j\kkè^ Xj`[\ D\jlj Xe[ i\gcXZè^ B`d n`k_ Xefk_\i*

N_\fi\k`ZXccp' GXl GXl Xifj\ è fggfj`k`fe kfn_`k\ Zfcfe`Xc`jd* S\k è XZklXc ]XZk dfi\ n_`k\g\fgc\ n\i\ b`cc\[ è kiX]]`ZXZZ`[\ekj è HXìfY` k_Xen\i\ b`cc\[ Yp GXl GXl* Ie k_\ fk_\i _Xe['k_fljXe[j f] ;]i`ZXe =_i`jk`Xej n\i\ YilkXccpjcXl^_k\i\[ Yp k_\ì ]\ccfn ;]i`ZXej è k_\ ZXlj\ f]GXl GXl* Hf dXkk\i n_Xk dXjb Xek`Z_i`jk dXp n\Xi'_`j i\Xc \e\dp `j D\jlj =_i`jk Xe[ Xccn_f Xi\ `[\ek`)]`\[ n`k_ B`d* ;e[ Xek`Z_i`jk _Xj k_\ ]\ifZ`fljZil\ckp f] Xn`c[ Y\Xjk*

NB? GINCP;NCIH I@ ;HNC=BLCMN

N_\ jlgi\d\ dfk`mXk`fe f] ;ek`Z_i`jk `j i\Y\cc`fe*B\ `j k_\ SH^SLZZfe\* F\k d\ j_fn pfl k_\ ]ìjkdXe`]\jkXk`fe f] k_Xkjgì`k è CjX`X_-06-.)-0*

Bfn Xik k_fl ]Xcc\e ]ifd _\Xm\e' , FlZ`]\i' jfef] k_\ dfieè^ UCkj j`ê`]`ZXek k_XkMXkXejkXik\[è _\Xm\e Xj fe\ f] k_\ XiZ_Xe^\cj f] Af[' è[`ZXk)è^ X^Xè k_Xk Xek`Z_i`jk `j fe\ n_f Y\cfe^j kfAf[$j g\fgc\ Xe[ k_\e Y\Zfd\j X kiX`kfi Xe[ Xi\Y\cW _fn Xik k_fl Zlk [fne kf k_\ îfle['n_`Z_ [`[jk n\Xb\e k_\ eXk`fej6

@fi k_fl _Xjk jX`[ è k_è\ _\Xik' &PSSXjZ\e[èkf _\Xm\e' &PSS\oXck dp k_ife\ XYfm\ k_\ jkXijf] Af[6 &^PSS j`k Xcjf lgfe k_\ dflek f] k_\Zfeî\^Xk`fe' è k_\ j`[\j f] k_\ efik_6

&PSS XjZ\e[ XYfm\ k_\ _\`^_kj f] k_\ Zcfl[j7 &^PSSY\ c`b\ U\hlXc kfWk_\ dfjk B`^_*

N_\ fe\ g_iXj\ !C n`cc! `j i\g\Xk\[ ]`m\ k`d\j* N_Xk`j k_\ \jj\eZ\ f] i\Y\cc`fe6 k_\ n`cc f] k_\ Zi\Xkli\ j\k

/IGH )FDIC< H?=+DFC=F

N_\ GXiZ_ `jjl\ f] =L^ EPULn`cc Xcjf ]fZlj fej\ZlcXi _ldXe`jd Xe[ k_\ =_i`jk`Xe$j i\jgfej\ kf `k*N_\ `jjl\ ]\Xkli\j Xik`Zc\j Yp ?ie <Xok\i' =_Xic\jM`dgjfe' Xe[ BfnXi[ =Xik\i' \[`kfi f] ;ljkiXc`X$j@LZ[VYLGX^Xqè\*

-.

è fggfj`k`fe kf k_\ n`cc f] k_\ =i\Xkfi* <\ZXlj\FlZ`]\i i\XZ_\[ lg ]fi \hlXc`kp n_`Z_ _\ [`[ efkd\i`k' _\ ]\cc*

Bcj `ccldèXkè^ kf ZfekiXjk k_Xkn`k_ k_\ jgì`k f]D\jlj' Xj [\jZi`Y\[ è J_`c`gg`Xej .6 1)26

F\k k_`j dè[ Y\ è pfl' n_`Z_ nXj Xcjf è =_i`jkD\jlj6

Q_f' Y\è^ è k_\ ]fid f] Af[' k_fl^_k `k efkifYY\ip kf Y\ \hlXc n`k_ Af[ U[`[ efk k_èb k_Xk\hlXc`kp n`k_ Af[ nXj jfd\k_è^ kf Y\ îXjg\[RcQ,

N_\ knf Xi\ è \oXZk ZfekiXjk kf \XZ_ fk_\i*FlZ`]\i nXj UV[ \hlXc n`k_ Af[* B\ YLHJOLK]fi\hlXc`kp' ZSPWWLKXe[ MLSS%D\jlj ^HZ \hlXc n`k_ Af[*B\ YLUV\UJLK B`j gfj`k`fe Xe[ O\TISLK B`dj\c]' Xe[k_\ @Xk_\i \oXck\[ B`d* Hfk\ k_\ ZfekiXjk6 k_\jXkXe`Zjgì`k îXjgj ]fi gfn\i' Xlk_fi`kp Xe[ _fefi*?m\ip k`d\ `k îXjgj' `k ]Xccj*N_\ jgì`k f] D\jlj `j\ek`kc\[ kf Xlk_fi`kp Xe[ _fefi' Ylk mfclekXi`cp_ldYc\j `kj\c]* ;j X i\jlck' `k `j ^`m\e k_Xk_fefi Xe[Xlk_fi`kp*

NB? AI;F I@ ;HNC=BLCMN

MXkXe'è _`j \ogi\jj`fe Xj ;ek`Z_i`jk' _Xj fe\jlgi\d\ XdY`k`fe* B\ nXekj kf i\Z\`m\ nfij_`g* B\Y\^Xe X cfe^ k`d\ X^f' Xe[ _\ _Xj e\m\i ^`m\e lgglijlè^ k_XkXdY`k`fe* ;ZZfi[è^ kf MZi`gkli\' fecpAf[ B`dj\c] `j \ek`kc\[ kf i\Z\`m\ nfij_`g* N_\i\]fi\'`] MXkXeZXe i\Z\`m\ nfij_`g' _\ `j k_\i\Yp i\Xjj\ikè^*_`j ZcX`d kf Y\ \hlXc n`k_ Af[* N_Xk`j n_p _\ ZiXm\jnfij_`g dfi\ k_Xe Xepk_è^ \cj\*

N_`j `j Yifl^_k flk Yp X [iXdXk`Z èZ`[\ek è k_\c`]\ f] D\jlj Xk k_\ Y\^èeè^ f] B`j dè`jkip* CeGXkk_\n 0 n\ ]è[ D\jlj Y\è^ k\dgk\[ Yp MXkXeek_\ n`c[\ie\jj* P\ij\ 4 Y\^èj k_\ ]èXc k\dgkXk`fe6

;^Xè' k_\ [\m`c kXb\k_ _`d lg èkf Xe \oZ\\[è^_`^_ dflekXè' Xe[ j_\n\k_ _`d Xcck_\ bè^[fdjf] k_\ nfic[' Xe[ k_\ ^cfip f] k_\d Uk_\ YX`k`jgfc`k`ZXcgfn\iW 7

;e[ jX`k_ lekf _`d' ;cc k_\j\ k_è^j n`cc C^`m\k_\\' `] k_fl n`ck ]Xcc[fne Xe[ nfij_`g d\*

N_\e jX`k_ D\jlj lekf _`d' A\k k_\\ _\eZ\'MXkXe6]fi `k `j ni`kk\e' N_fl j_Xck nfij_`g k_\Ffi[ k_p Af[ Xe[ _`d fecp j_Xckk_fl j\im\*

N_\ kil\ G\jj`X_ i\a\Zk\[ MXkXe$jYXi^Xè* B\nflc[ efk Ylp gfc`k`ZXc gfn\i Xk k_\ gi`Z\ f]nfij_`ggè^ MXkXe*<lk k_\ ]Xcj\ d\jj`X_)k_\;ek`Z_i`jk)n`cc [f `k*B\ n`cc Ylp gfc`k`ZXcgfn\i Ypj\ccè^ _`dj\c] kf MXkXe*IeZ\ _\ _Xj jfc[ _`dj\c] kf

?>;JM:JO .646

MXkXe'MXkXen`cc lj\ Xcc_`j gfn\i Xe[ Zc\m\ie\jj kfgifdfk\ _`d gfc`k`ZXccp'lek`c _\ Y\Zfd\j k_\

*jlgi\d\ ilc\i fm\i k_\ n_fc\ _ldXe iXZ\*F\k$j cffb X^XèXkL\m\cXk`fe -/6.)06

;e[ k_\ Un`c[WY\Xjkn_`Z_ CjXn nXj c`b\ lekfXc\fgXi[ *** Xe[ k_\ [iX^fe UMXkXeW^Xm\_`d _`jgfn\i' Xe[ _`j j\Xk' Xe[ î\XkXlk_fi`kp*

;e[ CjXn fe\ f] _`j _\X[j Xj `k n\i\ nfle[\[kf [\Xk_7 Xe[ _`j [\X[cp nfle[ nXj _\Xc\[6 Xe[ Xcck_\ nfic[ nfe[\i\[ X]k\i k_\ Y\Xjk*UDljkXj k_\i\Xc i\jlii\Zk`fe \e[fij\[ D\jlj Xj k_\ kil\G\jj`X_' jf k_\i\ n`cc Y\ Xg_fep i\jlii\Zk`fe k_Xkn`ccjè^c\ flk k_\ ]Xcj\d\jj`X_*W

;e[ k_\p nfij_`gg\[ k_\ [iX^fe n_`Z_ ^Xm\gfn\i lekf k_\ Un`c[WY\Xjk6Xe[ k_\p nfij_`gg\[k_\ Un`c[WY\Xjk****

N_\i\ `j MXkXe$jXdY`k`fe ]èXccpXZ_`\m\[*B\ _X[kf XZ_`\m\`k k_ifl^_ XdXe* Cnflc[ jXp k_XkMXkXe_Xj)Y\*\ecffbè^ ]fi knf k_fljXe[ p\Xij ]fi k_\ dXek_Xkn`cc [f k_\ afY*B\ n`cc Y\ ef fi[èXip dXe* B\n`cc efk Y\ [lcc fi jklg`[* B\ n`cc Y\ m\ip XkkiXZk`m\'m\ip kXc\ek\[' m\ip Z_Xidè^' m\ip Zc\m\i' m\ipjfg_`jk`ZXk\[*

M;N;H$MNIIF)>?=?JNCIH

MXkXe_Xj fe\ dXè kffc kf XZ_`\m\_`j fYa\Zk`m\6[\Z\gk`fe* Ce Xccgifg_\Z`\j i\cXkè^kf k_\ \e[ f] k_\X^\' n\ Xi\ nXie\[ X^Xèjk Y\è^ [\Z\`m\[* N_\[\Z\gk`fe MXkXegcXejkf lj\ n`cckXb\Xjg\Z`]`Z ]fid*MèZ\_`j fYa\Zk`j kf ^\k XZ\ikXèdXe nfij_`gg\[ XjAf[' _\ e\\[j Xj _`j kffc f] [\Z\gk`fe Xg_`cfjfg_p

B

k_Xk[\`]`\j dXe* B\ efn _Xj jlZ_ Xg_`cfjfg_p i\X[pkf _`j _Xe[ è k_\ ]fid f] ZLJ\SHYO\THUPZT%N_\cf^`ZXcflkZfd\ f] j\ZlcXi _ldXe`jd `j kf dXb\ dXe_`j fne ^f[* Bci\a\Zkj k_\ ZfeZ\gk f] X !jlgi\d\Y\è^! fi Xe XYjfclk\ Xlk_fi`kp flkj`[\ f] dXe* BcZcX`djk_XkdXe ZXejfcm\ _`j fne gifYc\dj Xe[ j\kkc\_`j fne [\jkèp* N_lj dXe _`dj\c] Y\Zfd\j !k_\jlgi\d\ Y\è^! )_`j fne ^f[*

T\Z_Xi`X_ 56-/ ]fi\j_fnj Xe \e[)k`d\ ZcXj_f]g_`cfjfg_`\j* N_\ Ffi[ [\ZcXi\j n_Xk B\ `j ^fè^ kf[f Xkk_\ Zcfj\ f] k_`j X^\6

Q_\e C _Xm\Y\ek Dl[X_ ]fi d\' ]`cc\[ k_\ Yfnn`k_ ?g_iX`d Xe[ iX`j\[ lg k_p jfej' , T`fe'X^Xèjkk_p jfej' - Ai\\Z\ ****

N_`j g`Zkli\jhl\ ]`^li\ ]fi\j_fnj k_\ i\jkfiXk`fe D] k_\ knf bè^[fdj k_Xk n\i\ jZXkk\i\[ è\o`c\)Dl[X_' k_\ jflk_\ie bè^[fd' Xe[ ?g_iX`d'k_\ efik_\ie bè^[fd* Af[ `j jg\Xbè^ XYflk k_\

H?Q QCH?

k`d\ n_\e k_\p n`cc Y\Zfd\ B`j n\Xgfej f] nXi*Dl[X_ n`cc Y\ k_\ Yfn7 ?g_iX`d n`cc Y\ k_\ Xiifnk_Xkn`cc Y\ ]`kk\[ kf k_\ Yfn* N_`j `j è cè\ n`k_ k_\gifg_\Z`\j f] ?q\b`\c /3' n_\i\ k_\ Ffi[ jg\XbjXYflk i\jkfiè^ k_\ knf bè^[fdj Xjfe\ eXk`fe*

N_`j m\ij\ Xcjf è[`ZXk\j k_XkXk k_`j k`d\ k_\i\gi\j\ekXk`m\j f] T`fe n`ccY\ iX`j\[ lg è fggfj`k`fekf k_\ i\gi\j\ekXk`m\j f] Ai\\Z\* Ce \jj\eZ\' k_`j `j XZcXj_f] g_`cfjfg_`\j* Ai\\Z\ `j k_\ jfliZ\ f] dfjkQ\jk\ie g_`cfjfg_p* Iecp k_fj\ ]Xd`c`Xin`k_ k_\_`jkfip f] g_`cfjfg_p ZXeXggi\Z`Xk\kf n_Xk \ok\ekk_\ ZfeZ\gkj Xe[ k_\ Zlckli\ f] k_\ Q\jk\ie nfic[_Xm\Y\\e dfc[\[ Yp Ai\\b g_`cfjfg_p* ;Yflk k_\p\Xi 2,, <*=* fe\ f] k_\ ]ìjk Ai\\b g_`cfjfg_\ijZXd\ flk n`k_ X jkXk\d\ek k_Xki\Xccp jldj lg k_\g_`cfjfg_p f] j\ZlcXi _ldXe`jd* B`j eXd\ nXjB\iXZc`klj' Xe[ _\ jX`[' !GXe `j k_\ d\Xjli\ f] Xcck_è^j*! Ce fk_\i nfi[j' !GXe _Xj k_\ lck`dXk\Xejn\i*!

Ie k_\ fk_\i _Xe[' k_\ \jj\eZ\ f] B\Yi\n k_fl^_k`j \ogi\jj\[ è k_\ fg\eè^ nfi[j f] k_\ <`Yc\6!Cek_\ Y\^èeè^' Af[*! Mf n\ _Xm\k_`j Xek`k_\j`j6!Cek_\ Y\^èeè^' Af[! Xe[ !GXe `j k_\ d\Xjli\ f] Xcck_è^j*! Ie\ dXafi Xjg\Zk f] k_\ \e[)k`d\ Zfe]c`Zkn`cc Y\ k_`j ZcXj_f] g_`cfjfg_`\j6 fe k_\ fe\ _Xe['j\ZlcXi _ldXe`jd dXbè^ dXe _`j fne ^f[7 fe k_\fk_\i _Xe[' k_\ B\Yi\n i\m\cXk`fe f] k_\ fe\ kil\Xe[ jlgi\d\ Af[' n_f Xcfe\ `j kf Y\ nfij_`gg\[ Xe[kf n_fd Xccd\e dljk lck`dXk\cp ^`m\XeXZZflek*

M;N;H$M=IOHN?L@?CNM

F\k lj gXlj\ ]fi Xdfd\ek kf i\m`\n n_Xkn\ _Xm\jX`[ jf ]Xi*N_\ jlgi\d\ d Dk`mXk`fef] ;ek`Z_i`jk `ji\Y\cc`fe* B`j jlgi\d\ XdY`k`fe `j kf i\Z\`m\ nfij_`g*B`j kffc `j [\Z\gk`fe k_ifl^_ X _ldXe`jk`Z g_`cfj)fg_p*

;cc ]fidj f] jXkXe`Z[\Z\gk`fe _Xm\fe\ ]\Xkli\ èZfddfe6 \m\ipk_è^ k_\p gif[lZ\ `j JV\U[LYMLP[%Ock`dXk\cp k_\i\ n`cc Y\ X Zflek\i]\`k kiè`kp*;cck_i\\ g\ijfej f] k_`j Zflek\i]\`k kiè`kp Xi\ d\e)k`fe\[ è L\m\cXk`fe -26 -/' Xe[ k_\p Xi\ XccXkki`Y)lk\[ kf leZc\Xe fi \m`cjgì`kj*

;e[ CjXn k_i\\ leZc\Xe jgì`kj c`b\ ]if^j Zfd\flk f] k_\ dflk_ f] k_\ KYHNVU#Xe[ flk f] k_\dflk_ f] k_\ Un`c[WILHZ[#Xe[ flk f] k_\ dflk_f] k_\ MHSZLWYVWOL[%

N_Xk`j k_\ jXkXe`Zkiè`kp' Zfii\jgfe[è^ kf k_\@Xk_\i'k_\ Mfe Xe[ k_\ Bfcp Mgì`k*N_\ Zflek\i]\`kf] k_\ @Xk_\i j k_\ [iX^fe' MXkXe*N_\ Zflek\i]\`k f]

-/

k_\ Mfe `j k_\ Y\Xjk)k_\ ]Xcj\ =_i`jk' k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk*N_\ Zflek\i]\`k f] k_\ Bfcp Mgì`k `j k_\ ]Xcj\gifg_\k' k_\ i\c`^`flj k\XZ_\i n_f \jkXYc`j_\j k_\gfn\i f] k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk Xe[ g\ijlX[\j k_\ n_fc\nfic[ kf nfij_`g _`d*

Hfk fecp n`cc MXkXegif[lZ\ X Zflek\i]\`k kiè`kp*B\ n`cc Xcjf gif[lZ\ X JV\U[LYMLP[JO\YJO%Dljk XjD\jlj _Xj X =_liZ_ k_Xk `j B`j Yi`[\' ;ek`Z_i`jk n`cc_Xm\ XZflek\i]\`k Z_liZ_ n_`Z_ n`cc Y\ _`j Yi`[\* N_\\jj\eZ\ f] k_\ Zflek\i]\`k Z_liZ_ fi k_\ Zflek\i]\`kYi`[\ `j k_Xk j_\ `j k_\ \ogi\jj`fe f] ]\dXc\i\Y\cc`fe* ;j k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk `j k_\ \ogi\jj`fe f] k_\fi`^èXc i\Y\cc`fe X^Xèjk Af[' jf k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk$jYi`[\ i\gif[lZ\j _`j i\Y\cc`fe è _\i fne Z_XiXZk\i`j)k`Z ]fid ) k_Xk `j' ]\dXc\ i\Y\cc`fe*

N_\ flknfibè^ f] k_`j ]fiZ\ f] ]\dXc\ i\Y\cc`fe `j[\jZi`Y\[ è Xm`j`fe f] T\Z_Xi`X_ 161)--*

N_\e k_\ Xe^\c n_f nXj jg\Xbè^ n`k_ d\ n\ekflk' Xe[ jX`[ kf d\' !F`]k lg efn pfli \p\j' Xe[j\\ n_Xk k_`j `j' ^fè^ ]fik_*!

;e[ C jX`[' !Q_Xk `j `k:! ;e[ _\ jX`[' !N_`j `jk_\ \g_X_ ^fè^ ]fik_*! U;e \g_X_ `j c`b\ XYlj_\c*Ck$j X d\Xjli\ f] îXè*W;^Xè _\ jX`[' !N_`j `jk_\ì Xgg\XiXeZ\ è Xcck_\ cXe[

%Xe[ Y\_fc[' Xc\X[ Zfm\i nXj c`]k\[ lg&7 Xe[ k_`j`j X nfdXe j`kkè^ èj`[\ k_\ \g_X_*!

N_\e _\ jX`[' !N_`j `j Q`Zb\[e\jj ! UN_\B\Yi\n nfi[ d\Xej i\Y\cc`fe* N_`j nfdXe `j k_\g\ijfe`]`ZXk`fe f] i\Y\cc`fe*W ;e[ _\ k_i\n _\i[fne èkf k_\ d`[[c\ f] k_\ \g_X_ Xe[ ZXjk k_\c\X[ n\`^_k fe `kj fg\eè^*

N_\e Cc`]k\[ lg dp \p\j Xe[ cffb\[' Xe[ k_\i\knf nfd\e n\i\ Zfdè^ flk n`k_ k_\ nè[ èk_\ì nè^j6 Xe[ k_\p _X[ nè^j c`b\ k_\ nè^j f] Xjkfib' Xe[ k_\p c`]k\[ lg k_\ \g_X_ Y\kn\\e k_\\Xik_ Xe[ k_\ _\Xm\ej*

;e[ C jX`[ kf k_\ Xe^\c n_f nXj jg\Xbè^ n`k_d\' !Q_\i\ Xi\ k_\p kXbè^ k_\ \g_X_:!

N_\e _\ jX`[ kf d\' !Nf Yl`c[ X k\dgc\ ]fi _\iè k_\ cXe[ f] M_èXi UM_èXi j fe\ f] k_\ nfi[j]fi <XYpcfeW7Xe[ n_\e `k `j gi\gXi\[' j_\ n`cc Y\j\k k_\i\ fe _\i fne g\[\jkXc! %H;M&*

N_\i\ `j X _`[[\e ]fiZ\ Xknfib è Xcck_\ \Xik_* Ce. N_\jjXcfe`Xej .63 `k `j ZXcc\[ !k_\ dpjk\ip f]è`hl`kp! %cXnc\jje\jj&* B\i\ è T\Z_Xi`X_' è `kjjg\Z`]`ZXccp ]\dXc\ dXe`]\jkXk`fe' `k `j g\ijfe`]`\[ Ypk_\ nfdXe _`[[\e è k_\ \g_X_* ;cc k_\ g\ijfej èk_`j m`j`fe Xi\ MLTHSL%Nnf fk_\i nfd\e c`]k lg k_`jnfdXe n_f i\gi\j\ekj i\Y\cc`fe Xe[ ZXiip _\i kf XgcXZ\ n_\i\ k_\p ZXe j\k lg k_\ì fne i\c`^`fljjpjk\d* N_\ g_iXj\ !fe _\i fne g\[\jkXc! `j j`ê`]`)ZXek* N_`j i\c`^`fe n`cc efk Y\ Yl`ck fe Af[$jXggfèk\[ ]fle[Xk`fe' D\jlj =_i`jk' Ylk fe X]fle[X)k`fe f] i\Y\cc`fe* Bcn`cc Y\ [ì\Zkcp XjjfZ`Xk\[ n`k_

#%

<XYpcfe' k_\ jfliZ\ f] Xcc i\c`^`flj Zfiilgk`fek_ifl^_flk k_\ X^\j*

Ce L\m\cXk`fe -36 -)2 n\ _Xm\ Xefk_\i' \m\e dfi\m`m`[ g`Zkli\ f] k_`j i\Y\cc`flj' ]\dXc\ i\c`^`fljjpjk\d* B\i\ k_\ Zflek\i]\`k Z_liZ_ `j ZXcc\[ XÔVYLY\ZXlj\ j_\ _Xj Y\\e le]X`k_]lc kf _\i i`^_k]lc Yi`[\)îffd' D\jlj =_i`jk' Xe[ èjk\X[ _Xj Zfdd`kk\[jgì`klXc ]fie`ZXk`fe n`k_ k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk*

;e[ k_\i\ ZXd\ fe\ f] k_\ j\m\e Xe^\cj n_`Z__X[ k_\ j\m\e m`Xcj' Xe[ kXcb\[ n`k_ d\' jXpè^lekf d\' =fd\ _`k_\i7 C n`cc j_\n lekf k_\\ k_\al[^d\ek f] k_\ î\Xk n_fi\ k_Xk j`kk\k_ lgfedXep nXk\ij6

Q`k _ n_fd k_\ bè^j f] k_\ \Xik_ _Xm\Zfdd`kk\[ ]fie`ZXk`fe' Xe[ k_\ è_XY`kXekjf] k_\\Xik_ _Xm\ Y\\e dX[\ [ileb n`k_ k_\ nè\ f] _\i]fie`ZXk`fe*

Mf _\ ZXii`\[ d\ XnXp è k_\ jgì`k èkf k_\n`c[\ie\jj6 Xe[ C jXn X nfdXe j`k lgfe X jZXic\kZfcfli\[ Y\Xjk' ]lcc f] eXd\j f] YcXjg_\dp' _Xmè^j\m\e _\X[j Xe[ k\e _fiej*

;e[ k_\ nfdXe nXj XiiXp\[ è gligc\ Xe[jZXic\k Zfcfli' Xe[ [\Zb\[ n`k_ ^fc[ Xe[ gi\Z`fljjkfe\j Xe[ g\Xicj' _Xmè^ X ^fc[\e Zlg è _\i _Xe[]lcc f] XYfdèXk`fej Xe[ ]`ck_è\jj f] _\i ]fie`ZX)k`fe6

;e[ lgfe _\i ]fi\_\X[ nXj X eXd\ ni`kk\e'GSMN?LS' <;<SFIH NB? AL?;N' NB?GINB?L I@ B;LFINM ;H> ;<IGCH; eIHMI@ NB? ?;LNB*

;e[ C jXn k_\ nfdXe [ileb\e n`k_ k_\ Ycff[f] k_\ jXèkj' Xe[ n`k_ k_\ Ycff[ f] k_\ dXikpij f]D\jlj6 Xe[ n_\e C jXn _\i Cnfe[\i\[ n`k_ î\XkX[dìXk`fe UnXj î\Xkcp Xjkfe`j_\[W *

N_\ Yi`[\ f] k_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk i\gif[lZ\j fe\ f] _`jdXè Z_XiXZk\i`jk`Zj)jXmX^\ Zil\ckp* M_\ n`cc Y\ k_\d\iZ`c\jj g\ij\Zlkfi f] _\i i`mXc' k_\ kil\ =_liZ_'

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n_f _Xj i\dXè\[ ]X`k_]lc kf D\jlj =_i`jk*=fekèlè^ è L\m\cXk`fe -3' n\ j\\ k_Xk k_\

nfdXe j`kj fe X Y\Xjk n`k_ k\e _fiej' i\gi\j\ekè^k\e bè^j* Ce fk_\i nfi[j' j_\ XZ_`\m\j _\i gfj`k`fe f]gfn\i Yp \ogcf`kè^ j\ZlcXi ilc\ij* Bfn\m\i' _\iki`ldg_ n`cc Y\ j_fikc`m\[* B\i \e[ `j [\jZi`Y\[ èm\ij\ -26

;e[ k_\ k\e _fiej n_`Z_ k_fl jXn\jk lgfe k_\Y\Xjk' k_\j\ j_Xcc _Xk\ k_\ n_fi\' Xe[ j_XccdXb\_\i [\jfcXk\ Xe[ eXb\[' Xe[ j_Xcc\Xk _\i ]c\j_' Xe[Ylie _\i n`k_ ]ì\*

N_Xk `j X i\dXibXYc\ ZfekiXjk Y\kn\\e k_\ nXp;ek`Z_i`jk ki\Xkj _`j Yi`[\ Xe[ k_\ nXp =_i`jk ki\XkjB`j <i`[\* Ce \m\ipk_è^ n\ j\\ k_`j Xek`k_\j`j* D\jljcfm\j k_\ =_liZ_' ^Xm\ B`dj\c] ]fi _\i' ZXi\j ]fi _\i'gifm`[\j ]fi _\i' n`cc Y\Xlk`]p _\i' n`cc ^cfi`]p _\i'Xe[ n`cc gi\j\ek _\i n`k_ _fefi kf k_\ n_fc\le`m\ij\* N_\ ;ek`Z_i`jk' _Xmè^ lj\[ k_\ Zflek\i]\`kZ_liZ_' kliej X^Xèjk _\i Xe[ [\jkifpj _\i* N_Xk `jaljk c`b\ k_\ [\m`c* ;j cfe^ Xj _\ e\\[j g\fgc\' _\]cXkk\ij Xe[ ZfXo\j* <lk n_\e k_\p Xi\ f] ef dfi\ lj\kf _`d' _\)$=Xjkjk_\d XnXp n`k_flk d\iZp*

NB? FIP? I@ NLONB

Ce ZfeZclj`fe' c\k lj klie feZ\ dfi\ kf . N_\j)jXcfe`Xej .63)-.' Xe[ g`Zb flk Z\ikXè jXc`\ek]\Xkli\j6

@fi k_\ dpjk\ip f] è`hl`kp UcXnc\jje\jjW [fk_Xci\X[p nfib ***

;e[ k_\e j_Xcc k_Xk Q`Zb\[ UcXnc\jj fe\W Y\i\m\Xc\[ ***

?m\e _`d' n_fj\ Zfdè^ `j X]k\i k_\ nfibè^ f]MXkXen`k_ Xccgfn\i Xe[ j`êj Xe[ cpè^ nfe[\ij'

;e[ n`k_ Xcc[\Z\`mXYc\e\jj f] lei`^_k\flje\jjè k_\d k_Xkg\i`j_7 Y\ZXlj\ k_\p i\Z\`m\[ efk k_\cfm\ f] k_\ kilk_' k_Xkk_\p d`^_k Y\ jXm\[**

;e[ ]fi k_`j ZXlj\ bILJH\ZL [OL` KPKUV[ SV]L[OL [Y\[OG Af[ j_Xcc j\e[ k_\d jkife^ [\cl)j`fe *** k_Xkk_\p j_flc[ Y\c`\m\ Xc`\6

N_Xk k_\p Xccd`^_k Y\ [Xde\[ n_f Y\c`\m\[ efkk_\ kilk_' Ylk _X[ gc\Xjli\ è lei`^_k\flje\jj*

N_\ lck`dXk\ al[^d\ek f] Af[ lgfe k_\ i\Y\cc`flj`j kf _Xe[ k_\d fm\i kf MXkXe*N_\i\ Xi\ èjkXeZ\j èk_\ Ic[ N\jkXd\ek n_\i\ Af[ [`[ k_`j* <\ZXlj\ Eè^MXlci\a\Zk\[ k_\ nfi[ f] k_\ Ffi[' Af[ _Xe[\[ _`dfm\i kf Xe \m`c jgì`k &\MXdl\c -16./7 -26-0&*FXk\i'Af[ nXie\[ CjiX\c Xj X eXk`fe k_Xk'Y\ZXlj\ k_\p _X[g\ij`jk\ekcp i\a\Zk\[ B`j gifg_\kj' B\ nflc[ gflilgfe k_\d !k_\ jgì`k f] [\\g jc\\g'! jf k_Xk k_\p

H?Q QCH?

nflc[ ef cfe^\i Y\ XYc\ kf le[\ijkXe[ gifg_\k`Zi\m\cXk`fe %Cj*.56 -,)-0&* Ce LfdXej CC64 JXlc[\ZcXi\j k_Xk k_`j al[^d\ek [`[ è[\\[ Zfd\ lgfeCjiX\c' Xe[ Y\ZXlj\ f] `k k_\p ]X`c\[ kf i\Zfê`q\ k_\ìG\jj`X_ n_\e B\ ZXd\*

B\i\ è . N_\jjXcfe`Xej . Af[ nXiej lj k_XkXkXZ\ikXè gfèk è _ldXe _`jkfip Xj`d`cXi al[^d\ek n`ccZfd\ lgfe k_\ n_fc\ nfic[* ;cc n_f _Xm\ ]X`c\[ kfcfm\ Xe[ fY\p k_\ kilk_ f] Af[ k_Xk _Xj Y\\egi\j\ek\[ kf k_\d n`cc Zfd\ le[\i k_\ è]cl\eZ\ f]MXkXe`Z[\clj`fe' n_`Z_ n`cc ZXlj\ k_\d kf \dYiXZ\ Xc`\ iXk_\i k_Xe k_\ kilk_' Xe[ jf kf g\i`j_*

N_`j jfc\de nXieè^ f] MZi`gkli\ _Xj m\ip j\i`fljg\ijfeXc `dgc`ZXk`fej ]fi Xcc f] lj* Q_Xk `j fliXkk`kl[\ kf k_\ kilk_ f] Af[ k_Xk_Xj Y\\e Yifl^_k kflj: ;i\ n\ XdY`mXc\ek Xe[ _Xc])_\Xik\[ è flii\jgfej\' glkkè^ f]] k_\ Zfdd`kd\ek k_Xk Af[i\hlì\j f] kfkXc'lei\j\im\[ fY\[`\eZ\:

C [f efk Y\c`\m\ n\ ZXegcXp Xifle[ n`k_ k_\ kilk_kf jl`k fli fne Zfem\e`\eZ\* Q\ [f efk e\Z\jjXi`cp_Xm\ Xefk_\i k\e fi kn\ekp p\Xij kf dXb\ k_\ bè[ f]i\jgfej\ k_Xk Af[ i\hlì\j* Af[ ZXe j_lk f]] k_\kilk_ Xk Xep èjkXek Xe[ k_\e `k n`cc ef cfe^\i Y\XmX`cXYc\kf lj* ?m\e `] n\ n\i\ kf Zfekèl\ kf _\Xi `k'n\ nflc[ efk Y\ XYc\kf le[\ijkXe[ `k fi Y\c`\m\ `k*BckXb\j k_\ îXZ\ f] Af[ kf i\Z\`m\ B`j kilk_* ;gXik]ifd B`j îXZ\' n\ JHUUV[Y\c`\m\* C] Af[ n`k_[iXnjB`j îXZ\ Xe[ j\e[j [\clj`fe' n\ n`cc Y\ [\Z\`m\[ efdXkk\i _fn Zc\m\i fi i\c`^`flj fi èk\cc\ZklXc n\ dXpY\*

Cj Af[ jg\Xbè^ kf pfl aljk Xkk_`j dfd\ek kf jkfggcXpè^ i\c`^`flj ^Xd\j Xe[ kf jkXik fY\pè^ k_\kilk_: ;i\ pfl i\X[p kf jlii\e[\i pflij\c] è kfkXcfY\[`\eZ\ kf Af[ Xe[ B`j n`cc: BWjf' _\i\ `j Xj`dgc\gXkk\ie giXp\i k_ifl^_ n_`Z_ pfl dXp m\iYXc`q\pfliZfdd`kd\ek6

;VYK 9LZ\Z 2OYPZ[#I` H KLJPZPVUVMT` ^PSS8YLUV\UJLAH[HUHUKHSSOPZ H`Z%8 YLUV\UJLL]LY`RUVÛMVYTVMYLILSSPVUHUKKLJLW[PVU#YLJVNUPaLKVY \UYLJVNUPaLK%8M[OLZL[OPUNZOH]LHU` OVSKV]LYTL# 8 SVVZLT`ZLSMMYVT[OLT UV^# PU[OLUHTLVM9LZ\Z%8 JOVVZLPUZ[LHK[V YLJLP]L[OL [Y\[O#[V SV]L[OL[Y\[O#[V VIL` [OL[Y\[O%8Z\ITP[ T`ZLSM P[OV\[YLZLY]H[PVU[V FV\# ;VYK 9LZ\Z#HUK[V FV\Y OPNOLZ[^PSSMVYT` SPML%5YVT [OPZTVTLU[ VU#8 [Y\Z[ FV\ [VRLLWTL MYVTHSSMVYTZVMZH[HUPJLYYVYHUKKLJLW$[PVU%5VY FV\Y UHTL!ZZHRL%0TLU%!

N;J? ;P;CF;<F?

N_`j Xik`Zc\ nXj X[Xgk\[ ]ifd X kXg\ Yp >\i\b JièZ\\ek`kc\[ !?m`c @fiZ\j Xkk_\ ?e[ N`d\*! C] pfl nflc[ c`b\ kffi[\i k_`j kXg\' gc\Xj\ lj\ k_\ ]fid fe gX^\ /-*

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L\Z\ekcp ke\i\ _Xj Y\\e Xîfnè^ XnXi\e\jj è k_\<f[p f] =_i`jk k_Xkk_\ \e\dp _Xj Y\\e !Zi\\gè^ lgfelj! i`^_k le[\i fli m\ip efj\j k_ifl^_ X g_`cfj)fg_p befne Xj j\ZlcXi _ldXe`jd* Ili jfZ`\kp Xe[ XcXi^\ gfik`fe f] k_\ Z_liZ_' `k j\\dj' _Xm\ \dYiXZ\[fi Xk c\Xjk Y\\e jkife^cp è]cl\eZ\[ Yp _ldXe`jd èk_\ cXjk]`]kp p\Xij n`k_flk \m\e Y\è^ XnXi\ f] _fn

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!C] fecp _\ nflc[ 1:89 522+- Zfd\ Xkd\ _\X[ feflk è k_\ fg\e'! n\ n`j_' !k_\e C nflc[ efk Y\kXb\e Yp jligi`j\*! @XkZ_XeZ\ MXkXenXj XdXjk\i f]

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QB;N CMBOG;HCMG:

ELIZ[LY!Z AL]LU[O =L^ 2VSSLNPH[L3PJ[PVUHY`[\]è\j _ldXe`jd Xj6

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N_\ ]fle[Xk`fej f] _ldXe`jk g_`cfjfg_p _Xm\Y\\e\eld\iXk\[ è knf dXe`]\jkfj' fi [\ZcXiXk`fej' n_`Z_n\i\ j\k ]fik_ Yp c\X[è^ _ldXe`jkj è -5// Xe[ X^Xèè -53/* N_\j\ knf dXe`]\jkfj Xi\ j`dgcp [\j`êXk\[7\THUPZ[ <HUPMLZ[V%8 Xe[ 7\THUPZ[ <HUPMLZ[V&&"Nnf jkXk\d\ekj j\k ]fik_ è k_\ j\Zfe[ dXe`]\jkf Xi\f] gXik`ZlcXiek\i\jk kf Y\c`\m\ij è le[\ijkXe[è^ k_\]fle[X k`fe f] _ldXe`jk g_`cfjfg_p* @ìjk' k_\_ldXe`jk jkXk\j6

Q\ ]è[ èjl]]`Z`\ek \m`[\eZ\ ]fi Y\c`\] è k_\\o`jk\eZ\ f] Xjlg\ieXkliXc7 `k`j \`k_\i d\Xeè^c\jjfi ìi\c\mXek kf k_\ hl\jk`fe f] k_\ jlim`mXcXe[]lc]`ccd\ek f] k_\ _ldXe iXZ\*;j efek_\`jkj' n\Y\^è n`k_ _ldXej efk Af[' eXkli\ efk [\`kp*

<p ZXccè k_\dj\cm\j UVU[OLPZ[ZXe[ efk Xk_`\jkj'k_\p Xi\ efk [\epè^ k_\ \o`jk\eZ\ f] Af[' Ylkj`dgcp jkXkè^k_Xkn_\k_\i B\ \o`jkj fi efk' B\ `jìi\c\mXekkf _ldXe \og\i`\eZ\* N_\ [`jkèZk`fe dXpj\\d X dèfi fe\' Ylk `k `j `dgfikXek Y\ZXlj\ `kc\Xm\j iffd ]fi k_\ giXZk`Z\f] YLSPNPV\ZO\THUPZTn_`Z_ Y\c`\m\j è Af[ Ylk Z\ek\ij fe dXe Xe[ _`je\\[j*

M\Zfe[' k_\ dXe`]\jkf jkXk\j6

*** kiX[` k`feXc [f^dXk`Z fi Xlk_fi`kXi`Xei\c`^`fej k_XkgcXZ\i\m\cXk`fe'Af[' i`klXc'fi Zi\\[XYfm\_ldXe e\\[j Xe[ \og\i`\eZ\ [f X[`jj\im`Z\kf k_\ _ldXe jg\Z`\j*

<fY Mlkkfe' XîX[lXk\ f] @cfi`[XMkXk\kDh$\6_\i\ _\ fYkXè\[ dè`jkip \og\i`\eZ\ n`k_=iljX[\ )]fi =_i`jk Cek\ieXk`feXc'j\im\[ Xj G`*[`kfi f] =L^ EPULGX^Xqè\]î ]fli p\Xij*=_i`jk`Xe Aifnk_ Gè`jki`\j è @\YieXip -\ek\i ]lcc)k`d\ aX`cdè`jkip*

<fY Xe[ _`j n`]\' DXe'c`m\è JcXekXk`fe'>\V ,n_\i\ <fY j\im\j Xj XjjfZ`Xk\ gXjkfi ,] JcXe=_i`jk`Xe @\ccfnj_`g*

-4

N_\ _ldXe`jkj Xi\ jkXkè k_Xkk_\i\ `j ef Xlksfi`kpXYfm\dXe* N_`j Xdflekj kf Xjgì`klXc fm\ik_ifn f]k_\ ^fm\ied\ek f] Af[* GXe Xe[ _`j e\\[j Xi\\ek_ife\[ Xj k_\ Z\ek\i f] k_\ le`m\ij\' Xe[ \m\ip)k_è^ \cj\ `j ]fiZ\[ kf Z\ek\i è _`d* N_\ `jjl\' k_\e'_XjY\Zfd\ fe\ f] ^fm\ied\ek*

MJCLCNI@ BOG;HCMG

BldXe`jd `j k_\ g_`cfjfg_p 5] k_\ ]Xcc\e_ldXeeXkli\* Bc j efk X [\m\cfgd\ek f] k_\ df[\ieèk\cc\ZklXcZfddle`kp' Ylk iXk_\i X jgì`klXc ]fiZ\i\XZ_è^ YXZbekf k_\ X^\j Y\]fi\ Zi\Xk`fe*N_\ jgì`kf] ]Xcc\edXe `j f]k\e g`Zkli\[ Xj[\îX[\[ _ldXe`kp'i\m\cè^ è [\YXlZ_\ip Xe[ jè* ; dfi\ XZZliXk\i\gi\j\ekXk`fe' _fn\m\i' `j dXe efYcp i\XZ_è^ ]fi_`j fne ]Xk\ Xe[ \emìfed\ek Yp _`j fne [\k\idèX)k`fe*

Bcj k_\ jXd\ jgì`k k_Xkn\ j\\ è FlZ`]\i n_\e _\jX`['

Cn`cc XjZ\e[ kf _\Xm\e7 C n`cc iX`j\ dp k_ife\XYfm\k_\ jkXij f] Af[' Xe[ Cn`ccj`k fe k_\ dflekf] k_\ Xjj\dYcp è k_\ i\Z\jj\j f] k_\ efik_*

Cn`cc XjZ\e[ XYfm\k_\ _\`^_kj f] k_\ Zcfl[j7 Cn`cc dXb\ dpj\c] c`b\ k_\ Gfjk B`^_ %Cj*-06-/)-0'H;M&*

BldXe`jd `j jXkXe`Z e fi`^è* Bcj k_\ jgì`k f]j\c])\oXckXk`fe Xe[ j\c])[\k\idèXk`fe* N_\ k\dgkX)k`fe gi\j\ek\[ kf ?m\ nXj k_\ _ldXe`jk Zip' !Sflj_XccY\ c`b\ Af[ **** ! N_\ k\e[\eZp f] jè `j efk[fnenXi[' Ylk lgnXi[* N_\ jgì`k f] _ldXe`jd `jdXe i`jè^ kf XgcXZ\f] ilc\ij_`g Xe[ Xlk_fi`kp7 `k`jdXe \jkXYc`j_è _`j fne ^fm\ied\ek ]fi _`dj\c] Xe[]fi Zi\Xk`fe*N_\ gifYc\d `j k_Xk_\ [f\j `kè _`j VÛeXd\ Xe[ efk Xj Xi\gi\j\ekXk`m\ f] k_\ Ffi[ f] k_\le`m\ij\*

N_\ [\ZcXiXk`fef] k_\ ]Xcc\eeXkli\ `j' !=fd\' c\klj Yl`c[ ]fi flij\cm\j XZ`kp'Xe[ Xkfn\i n_fj\ kfgn`cc i\XZ_ èkf _\Xm\e' Xe[ c\k lj dXb\ ]fi V\YZLS]LZXeXd\ *** ! %A\e*-- 60' H;M&*

N_\ î\Xk ]iljkiXk`fe kf dXe è _`j efYc\ \e[\Xm)fij' _fn\m\i' `j k_Xk_\ e\m\i XkkXèjk_\ ^fXcj _\i\XZ_\j ]fi* B`j gifa\Zkj XcnXpj\e[ è ]iljkiXk`fe Xe[ilè* MXkXei\XZ_\[ ]fi k_\ k_ife\ f] Af[ Xe[ \e[\[lg n`k_ Xdflk_ ]lcc f] [ljk* ;[Xd Xe[ ?m\ i\XZ_\[]fi n`j[fd Xe[ befnc\[^\' Xe[ k_\p [`jZfm\i\[ k_\ìfne eXb\[e\jj* N_\ d\e Xk<XY\ci\XZ_\[ ]fi Xî\XkeXd\' Xe[ k_\p n\i\ jZXkk\i\[ Xccfm\i k_\ \Xik_)k_\m\ip k_è^ k_\p jfl^_k kf gi\m\ek* Q_\e\m\i dXei\XZ_\j lg' _\ XcnXpj\eZflek\ij _`j fne e\\[ Xe[c`d`kXk`fej*

?>;JM:JO .646

LXk_\i k_XeXZbefnc\[^è^ k_Xk_`j c`d`kXk`fejXi\X i\jlck f] _`j Yifb\e i\cXk`fej_`g n`k_ Af[' dXe

*ki`\j kf Zfm\i Xe[ Zfii\Zk _`j c`d`kXk`fej _`dj\c]*Q_\e ;[Xd Xe[ ?m\ [`jZfm\i\[ k_\ì eXb\[e\jj' k_\pj\n\[ ]`^ c\Xm\jkf^\k_\i kf Zfm\i k_\dj\cm\j)X gffijlYjk`klk\ ]fi k_\ ^Xid\ekj f] Xe`dXcjbèj n_`Z_ k_\Ffi[ cXk\igifm`[\[ ]fi k_\d*

Ili jfZ`\kp kf[Xp `j ]`cc\[ n`k_ jlZ_ !]`^ c\X]$jlYjk`klk\j* Q\c]Xi\ gifîXdj' \[lZXk`feXc \e[\Xmfij'_ldXe i`^_kj dfm\d\ekj' jfZ`Xcc\^`jcXk`fe'jfZ`Xc`jd'Xe[ k_\ c`b\ Xi\ Xcc]`^ c\Xm\jXkk\dgkè^ kf Zfm\i k_\eXb\[e\jj f] dXe è _`j ]Xcc\eZfe[`k`fe* GXe `j Y\ekfe gXkZ_è lg k_\ fc[ eXkli\ Xe[ kipè^ kf i\^Xè _`jgcXZ\f] Xlk_fi`kp Xe[ ilc\ij_`g è k_\ \Xik_*<lk kf[f `k XgXik]ifd k_\ gfn\i Xe[ ^fm\ied\ek f] Af[ `jkf \e[ lg n`k_ XYleZ_ f] n`k_\i\[ ]`^ c\Xm\j*

12;<8:@ 8/ 1=6*72;6

BldXe`jd _Xj `kj iffkj è k_\ XeZ`\ek gX^XejfZ`\k`\j* Ckj\ogi\jj`fe nXj gifYXYcpk_\ Zc\Xi\jkèAi\\Z\ Xe[ Lfd\ Xe[ k_\eZ\ _Xj _X[ X [ì\Zkè]cl\eZ\ fe k_\ Zflij\ f] Q\jk\ie Zlckli\ Xj`k\o`jkjkf[Xp*

Ai\\b Xe[ LfdXe k_fl^_k nXj YXj\[ gi`dXi`cp fei\Xjfe Xe[ dXe$j fne XY`c`kpkf Zfekifc _`j ]Xk\ Xe[[\jkèp* N_\ì ^f[j' \jg\Z`Xccpè k_\ cXk\ijfZ`\k`\j'n\i\ `dg\ijfeXc ]Xk\j fi g\ijfe`]`ZXk`fej f] eXkliXc]fiZ\j)efk Y\è^j n`k_ n_fd k_\i\ nXj g\ijfeXcèk\iXZk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`fe* N_\ i\jlck nXj XdXe)Z\ek\i\[ jfZ`\kp*

1SLAMIQL CEMREPQKIFEAMDIRQOSPONQEIMRHEMEEDQNFLAM$

<p k_\ k`d\ f] =_i`jk' k_\ LfdXe ?dgì\ nXj è XkiXej`k`fe n_`Z_ nXj kf lck`dXk\cp \e[ n`k_ k_\[\`]`ZXk`fe f] k_\ LfdXe jkXk\'è n_`Z_ k_\ \dg\ifi_`dj\c] nXj kf Y\ nfij_`g\[ Xj X^f[* N_`j lck`dXk\jlgi\dXZp f] k_\ jkXk\è k_\ LfdXe nfic[ nXj k_\ZfifeXk`fe f] dXe Xe[ _`j j\c])^fm\ied\ek Xjjfm\i\`ê XgXik]ifd Af[* BcnXj èkf k_`j Zfek\okk_XkD\jlj ZXd\ gi\XZ_è^ k_\ Eè^[fd f] Af[*

N_\ Z_liZ_ Yifb\ èkf k_\ LfdXe nfic[ n`k_ k_\

H?Q QCH?

iX[`ZXcZfe]\jj`fe' !D\jlj `j Ffi[*! N_\ LfdXej f]k_Xk[Xp*nfij_`g\[ k_\ jkXk\ Xe[ Yp cXn _X[ kfjXZi`]`Z\ Xe[ dXb\ c`YXk`fe kf k_\ Zlck f] k_\\dg\ifi* 2M jf [fè^' k_\p [\ZcXi\[' !=X\jXi `jFfi[*! N_\ LfdXej _X[ ef gifYc\d n`k_ k_\=_i`jk`Xej nfij_`gè^ D\jlj' Ylk n_\e k_\p i\]lj\[ kfZfe]\jj k_Xk=X\jXi nXj Ffi[' k_\p n\i\ Zfej`[\i\[jlYm\ij`m\j)\e\d`\j f] k_\ jkXk\*

N_\ Zfe]c`Zk nXj [\\g\i k_Xe k_\ gfc`k`ZXc[\fc)f^`\j f] k_\ k`d\* N_\ Zfe]c`ZkY\kn\\e =X\jXi Xe[=_i`jk nXj X kpg\ f] k_\ jgì`klXc nXi Y\kn\\e k_\]fiZ\j ZXljè^ dXe kf i\Y\c X^XèjkAf[' Xe[ k_\Eè^[fd f] Af[ `kj\c]*<\ZXlj\ =_i`jk`Xej i\]lj\[ kfZfe]\jj k_\ cfi[j_`g f] k_\ jkXk\'k_\p gX`[ n`k_ k_\ìc`m\j**

Ce /-. ;*>*' _fn\m\i' k_\ g\ij\Zlk`fej \e[\[ n`k_k_\ Zfdè^ f] =fejkXekè\' k_\ ]ìjk LfdXe ?dg\ifikf \dYiXZ\ =_i`jk`Xe`kp*Oe[\i =fejkXekè\ =_i`jk`)Xe`kpY\ZXd\ k_\ jkXk\i\c`^`fe Xe[ XjXi\jlck Q\jk\iejfZ`\kp nXj !Z_i`jk`Xe`q\[*!

;ifle[ -.,, ;*>*' _ldXe`jd Y\^Xe kf i\\d\i^\Xj k_\ jZ_fcXij f] k_\ Z_liZ_ Y\^Xe kf i\m`m\ Xe[jkl[p k_\ ni`kè^j f] ZcXjj`ZXcAi\\Z\ Xe[ Lfd\* N_\j\\[j f] k_`j g\i`f[ f] !ZcXjj`Z`jd'! Xj`knXj befne'jgiflk\[ èkf k_\ g\i`f[ befne Xj k_\ L\eX`jjXeZ\*N_\ L\eX`jjXeZ\ Z\ek\i\[ fe k_`j nfic[' eXkli\' Xe[k_\ \oXckXk`fe f] _ldXe c`]\* N_\ d\e f] k_\L\eX`jjXeZ\ [`[ efk i\dfm\ MZi`gkli\ Xe[ Af[$j cXn]ifd k_\ì c`m\j7k_\p j`dgcp dX[\ k_\ì fne k_fl^_k'Xe[ \jg\Z`Xccpk_Xkf] k_\ ZcXjj`ZXcni`k\ij' \hlXc n`k_`k*Npg`ZXcf] d\e n`k_ k_`j Xkk`kl[\ nXj G`Z_\cXe)^\cf' n_f gXèk\[ k_\ Ic[ N\jkXd\ek gifg_\kD\i\d`X_ Xe[ k_\ _\Xk_\e gifg_\kj Xkk_\ IiXZc\ f]>\cg_` kf^\k_\i fe k_\ M`jkè\=_Xg\c è k_\ PXk`ZXe*<p k_\ \e[ f] k_\ L\eX`jjXeZ\' =_i`jk`Xe Xe[efe)=_i`jk`Xe k_èbè^ n\i\ fe Xe\hlXc c\m\c*

M_fikcpX]k\i k_\ Y\^èeè^ f] k_\ L\eX`jjXeZ\' k_\L\]fidXk`fe è Z\ekiXcXe[ efik_\ie ?lifg\ è]lj\[Q\jk\ie Zlckli\ n`k_ X e\n jki\Xd f] c`]\ k_XkZ\ek\i\[ è k_\ nfi[ f] Af[ Xe[ ]X`k_]lce\jj kf B`ji\m\Xc\[ n`cc ]fi dXe Xe[ jfZ`\kp*

Ie k_\ _\\cj f] k_\ L\]fidXk`fe' _fn\m\i'_ldXe`jd i\e\n\[ `kj XjjXlck fe k_\ èk\cc\ZklXcZlckli\ f] Q\jk\ie dXe n`k_ Xdfm\d\ek befne Xjk_\ ?ec`^_k\ed\ek* >liè^ k_`j g\i`f[' XYflk-2,,)-4,,' k_\ _ldXe`jd f] k_\ L\eX`jjXeZ\ nXjj\ZlcXi`q\[* F\X[è^ èk\cc\ZklXcjf] k_`j k`d\ dXp_Xm\ Y\c`\m\[ è !Af['! Ylk B\ nXj m`\n\[ Xj Xe`dg\ijfeXc Y\è^ n_f Zi\Xk\[ k_\ le`m\ij\ Xe[nXcb\[ f]]* Af[ nXj XAf[ f] k_\ eXkliXc'Ylk k_\i\nXj efk_è^ jlg\ieXkliXc XYflk B`d* N_`j c\[ kf k_\[`jZflekè^ f] Xccjlg\ieXkliXc`jd' jèZ\ Af[ efcfe^\i nXj j\\e XjXAf[ n_f èk\im\e\[ è k_\ X]]Xìj

#'

f] d\e* B\eZ\ dìXZc\j' XZkjf] k_\ Mgì`kf] Af[' Xe[]X`k_ n\i\ mìklXccpcX`[ kf i\jk è k_\ dè[j f] k_\c\X[è^ k_èb\ij f] k_Xkg\i`f[* N_\j\ d\e n\i\ efkXk_\`jkj' Ylk efe k_\`jkj* Af[ nXj ef cfe^\i i\c\mXek*

;k k_\ q\e`k_ f] k_\ ?ec`^_k\ed\ek' _fn\m\i' dXenXj X^Xè]XZ\[ n`k_ _`j n`k_\i\[ ]`^ c\X]*Q`k_flk Xg\ijfeXc Af[ n_f ZXi\[ XYflk dXe' dXe nXj c\]kn`k_ ]XkXc`jd Xe[ [\jgXì* PfckXì\' n_f nXj ZXcc\[!@Xk_\i f] k_\ ?ec`^_k\ed\ek'! [\jZi`Y\[ dXe k_`jnXp6 !;kfdj kfid\ek\[ fe k_`j YXccf] ZcXp' k_\jgfik f] [\Xk_' f] _XqXi[$j jkifb\j k_\ gi\p *** Aifg)è^ è k_\ [Xibe\jj ]fi X^l`[è^ c`^_k*!.

L\^Xi[c\jj' k_\ $d\e f] k_\ ?ec`^_k\ed\ek cX`[[ì\Zk ]fle[Xk`fej ]fi df[\ie _ldXe`jd Xe[ gXm\[k_\ nXp ]fi k_\ dXk\i`Xc`jk`Z Xe[ giX^dXk`Z k_èbè^f] k_\ df[\ie nfic[ n_`Z_ _Xj \oZcl[\[ Af[ ]ifdk_\ g`Zkli\ Xe[ c\]k dXe kf Yiè^ fi[\i Xe[ _\Xcè^ kfZi\Xk`fe*

Nf[Xp' k_\e' n\ Xi\ c\]k n`k_ X dòkli\ f] knfjki\Xdj f] k_fl^_k* Ie\ _Xj `kj fi`^è è k_\ H\nN\jkXd\ek Xe[ k_\ i\m\Xc\[ nfi[ f] Af[ kf dXe* BcZfd\j kf lj k_ifl^_ k_\ L\]fidXk`fe' Xe[ kf[Xp `jk_\ dXèjki\Xd 879]n_Xk Af[ `j [fè^ è k_\ \Xik_k_ifl^_ B`j Z_liZ_* N_\ j\Zfe[ jki\Xd fi`^èXk\j èZcXjj`ZXcAi\\Z\ Xe[ ]cfnj k_ifl^_ k_\ L\eX`jjXeZ\Xe[ ?ec`^_k\ed\ek kf Y\Zfd\ k_\ df[\ie _ldXe`jkfi j\ZlcXi`jk g_`cfjfg_p*

Oe]fikleXk\cp' k_\ [`m`j`fe Y\kn\\e k_\ knf `j efkjf Zc\Xi Xj `k j_flc[ Y\* =_i`jk`Xe k_fl^_k kXb\j fedXep ]fidj6 Zfej\imXk`m\' ]le[Xd\ekXc' \mXe^\c`ZXc'Z_Xi`jdXk`Z' i\]fid\[ Xe[ kiX[`k`feXc* F`b\n`j\'_ldXe`jd `j \ogi\jj\[ è i\c`^`flj _ldXe`jd' Zfd)dle`jd' jfZ`Xc`jd' c`Y\iXc`jd' jZ`\ek`]`Z _ldXe`jd'Xe[ [\dfZiXk`Z _ldXe`jd* N_\ knf jki\Xdj dò Xe[]cfn kf^\k_\i Xk dXep gfèkj' Xe[ k_\ Z_Xcc\e^\ ]fik_\ =_i`jk`Xe n_f [\jì\j kf c`m\ Yp Af[$j i\m\Xc\[nfi[ `j kf j\\ Xe[ le[\ijkXe[ k_`j dòkli\ Xe[ i`[_`dj\c] f] Xj dlZ_ f] k_\ _ldXe`jk`Z è]cl\eZ\ Xjgfjj`Yc\* Nf [iXn k_\ cè\j Xj Zc\Xicp Xj gfjj`Yc\ n\e\\[ kf ZfekiXjk k_\ _ldXe`jk Xe[ k_\ =_i`jk`Xenfic[ m`\n Xe[ j\\ _fn k_\p [`]]\i fe k_\ \jj\ek`XcdXkk\ij f] c`]\*

,1:2;<2*72<@ PM*1=6*72;6

Q\ nXek kf ZfekiXjk k_\ k\XZ_è^j f] _ldXe`jdXe[ =_i`jk`Xe`kp è jò YXj`ZXi\Xj*

1" EVYSK DPL^@fi k_\ =_i`jk`Xe' k_\ le`m\ij\ Z\ek\ij è Af[ Xe[

B`j n`cc* Af[$j ^fm\ied\ek \o`jk\[ Y\]fi\ k_\Zi\Xk`fe' Xe[ B`j gligfj\ è k`d\ _Xj Y\\e kf i\jkfi\

.,

B`j ^fm\ied\ek kf i`^_k fi[\i è k_\ le`m\ij\* N_\dè`jkip f] D\jlj nXj kf ]lc]`cc k_\ n`cc f] k_\ @Xk_\i*D\jlj$ WYPTHY`gligfj\ è Zfdè^ kf \Xik_ Xe[ [pè^fe k_\ Zifjj nXj kf ]lc]`cc k_\ n`cc f] k_\ @Xk_\i' efkkf jXm\ Xcfjk nfic[* B`j ]fZlj nXj fe k_\ @Xk_\i' efkfe dXe* B\ efn i\`êj n`k_ fe\ gligfj\6 kf j\\ k_\^fm\ied\ek f] Af[ \jkXYc`j_\[ è k_\ \Xik_ è fi[\ik_Xk k_\ n`cc f] k_\ @Xk_\i d`^_k Y\ [fe\ %c=fi*-16 ./).4&*

BldXe`jd Z\ek\ij c`]\ Xe[ `kj gligfj\ è k_\ e\\[jf] dXe* Bcj èk\i\jkè^ k_Xkk_\ ]ìjk k_è^ ;[Xd Xe[?m\ Y\ZXd\ XnXi\ f] X]k\i k_\p _X[ Yifb\e k_\ìi\cXk`fej_`g n`k_ k_\ Ffi[ nXj k_Xkk_\p n\i\ eXb\[*;ep nfic[ m`\n fi k_\fcf^p k_XkZ\ek\ij fe d\\kè^_ldXe e\\[j `j YXj`ZXccp_ldXe`jk`Z' \m\e `] `k `j=_i`jk`Xe è `kj k\idèfcf^p Xi`[ Xggc`ZXk`fe*N_`j[f\j efk d\Xe k_Xkd\\kè^ _ldXe e\\[ j_flc[ efkY\ X gXik f] k_\ =_i`jk`Xe$j dè`jkip* Bcj`dgcp d\Xejk_Xk `k dljk efk Y\ k_\ JLU[LYf] _`j ]fZlj* Ili ]fZljdljk XcnXpj Y\ fe k_\ n`cc f] k_\ @Xk_\i*

N_\ dXè [`]]\i\eZ\ _\i\ `j fe\ f] ^fm\ied\ek6n_f n`cc lck`dXk\cp ile k_\ j_fn: Af[ fi dXe:

(# AV\YJL VMBY\[ONilk_ ]fi k_\ =_i`jk`Xe `j i\m\Xc\[ ]ifd X _`^_\i

jfliZ\ k_Xe _`j fne \og\i`\eZ\* B\ c`m\j Yp k_\fYa\Zk`m\ i\m\cXk`fe f] k_\ nfi[ f] Af[ Xe[ k_\jlYa\Zk`m\ ^l`[XeZ\ f] k_\ Bfcp Mgì`k* @fi k_\=_i`jk`Xe' kilk_ `j XYjfclk\* N_\ kilk_ n\ c`m\ Yp èk_\ kn\ek`\k_ Z\eklip `j k_\ jXd\ kilk_ JXlc c`m\[ Ypè k_\ ]ìjk* Bcj k_\ jXd\ ]fi ;d\i`ZXe jfZ`\kp fiDXgXe\j\ jfZ`\kp' gi`d`k`m\ dXe fi Zlckli\[ dXe* Bcjfe\ kilk_ ]fi k_\ dXe è k_\ ^_\kkf fi k_\ dXe è k_\g\ek_flj\* Bcj fe\ kilk_ k_Xk`j XYjfclk\ Y\ZXlj\ `kZfd\j ]ifd fe\ Af[ n_f `j XYjfclk\ Xe[ e\m\iZ_Xe^\j*

Nilk_ ]fi k_\ _ldXe`jk `j \dgì`ZXc Xe[ giX^dXk`Z*N_Xk `j' fecp k_Xkn_`Z_ ZXe Y\ TLHZ\YLK fi L_WLYP$LUJLK ZXe Y\ ZXcc\[ kilk_* N_`j \c`dèXk\j Xep gcXZ\]fi ]X`k_Xj k_\ =_i`jk`Xe le[\ijkXe[j `k*

Gf[\ie _ldXe`jk dXe ZXe XZZ\gk k_\ kilk_ f]=_i`jk fe fe\ _Xe[' Xe[ klie Xifle[ Xe[ XZZ\gk k_\kilk_ f] BXi\ Ei`j_eX Xkk_\ jXd\ k`d\* N_\i\ `j efZfekiX[`Zk`fe ]fi k_\ _ldXe`jk Y\ZXlj\ Xepk_è^ k_Xknfibj ]fi _`d ZXe Y\ kil\' Ylk k_\i\ `j ef kilk_ è Xelck`dXk\ fi XYjfclk\ j\ej\* N_`j `j n_\i\ dlZ_ f] k_\D\jlj Gfm\d\ek cfjk `kj nXp* Sfle^ g\fgc\ XZZ\gk\[!D\jlj'! Ylk è i\Xc`kp' D\jlj nXj aljk Xefk_\i !ki`g'!ef [`]]\i\ek ]ifd X [il^ \og\i`\eZ\ fi ?Xjk\ied\[`kXk`fe* ?m\e k_fl^_ dXep f] k_\ì \og\i`\eZ\j è=_i`jk n\i\ ^\elè\' k_\p n\i\ f]k\e mf`[ f] Xeple[\ijkXe[è^ f] k_\ kilk_ è Xe XYjfclk\ j\ej\' F\*'k_Xk k_\ kilk_ f] k_\ ^fjg\c `j i\Xc ef dXkk\i n_Xk

-,*35)37 #'&'

k_\p \og\i`\eZ\[* MèZ\ k_\ì le[\ijkXe[è^ f] kilk_nXj YXj\[ fecp fe n_Xk k_\p \og\i`\eZ\[ iXk_\i k_Xefe k_\ XYjfclk\j f] k_\ i\m\Xc\[ nfi[ f] Af[' n_\ek_\ì \og\i`\eZ\ ]X[\[' k_\ì ]X`k_[`jXgg\Xi\[*

)%<VYHSZ#4[OPJZHUK'*;MèZ\ kilk_ XYflk c`]\ ]fi k_\ =_i`jk`Xe `j i\m\Xc\['

jf `j kilk_ XYflk dfiXcj' \k_`Zj Xe[ cXn* Af[ _Xjjgfb\e gcXècp' !N_fl j_Xck efk* *** ! @fi k_\Y\c`\m\i' k_Xkj\kkc\j k_\ `jjl\* Af[ e\m\i ^`m\j jkXk`j)k`Zj fi i\Xjfej kf YXZb lg B`j ZfddXe[j7 e\`k_\i[f\j B\ jXp' !>f `k Y\ZXlj\ `k `j k_\ Y\jk nXp*! B\jXpj' !>f `k Y\ZXlj\ BXd Ffi[*! @fi k_\ Y\c`\m\i Xe`ddfiXc XZk`j nife^ efk Y\ZXlj\ `k [\jkifpj _`j fnec`]\ fi _likj jfd\fe\ \cj\' Ylk Y\ZXlj\ `k f]]\e[jAf[* @fi lj dfiXcj Xe[ \k_`Zj Xi\ XYjfclk\*

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Q_fjf\m\i k_\i\]fi\ j_Xcc Zfe]\jj d\ Y\]fi\d\e* _`d n`cc C Zfe]\jj Xcjf Y\]fi\ dp @Xk_\in_`Z_ `j è _\Xm\e*

<lk n_fjf\m\i j_Xcc [\ep d\ Y\]fi\ d\e' _`dn`cc C Xcjf [\ep Y\]fi\ dp @Xk_\i n_`Z_ `j è_\Xm\e %Gk*-,6/.)//&*

N_\i\ `j X nXi fe' Xe[ c`b\ `k fi efk' pfl Xi\ è `k*N_\ fecp hl\jk`fe `j k_`j6 fe n_fj\ j`[\ [f pfljkXe[* n`k_ k_\ Ffi[' fi n`k_ k_\ î\Xk _ldXe`jk' k_\k\dgk\i: Q_f `j pfli cfi[ Xe[ fne\i: Q`cc pfl jXpn`k_ Dfj_lX' !Xj ]fi d\ Xe[ dp _flj\' n\ n`cc j\im\k_\ Ffi[!: %Dfj_*.06 CM&*!, \Xik_' \Xik_' \Xik_' _\Xik_\ nfi[ f] k_\ Ffi[! %D\i*..6.5&*s

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N_\ f]]`Z`Xc YfXi[ f] =_i`jk`Xe Aifnk_ Gè`jki`\j Xe[ =L^ EPSSL'GX^Xqè\ nXekj kf k_Xeb pfl ]fi k_\]X`k_]lc giXp\i Xe[ jlggfik f] k_\ k_fljXe[j f] pfl n_f dXb\ lg k_\ =L^ EPSSL]Xd`cp' Xe[ kf è]fid pflf] jfd\ e\n [\m\cfgd\ekj ZfeZ\ieè^ fli dX^Xqè\*

Ce i\Z\ek p\Xij pfli cfpXckp Xe[ ]X`k_]lc jk\nXi[j_`g _Xj \eXYc\[ =L^ EPUL kf \ok\e[ `kj dè`jkip'dXèkXèè^ X jkife^ Xe[ jkXYc\ ]èXeZ`Xcgfj`k`fe' \m\e Xj fk_\i dX^Xqè\j _Xm\ efk ]Xi\[ e\Xicp jf n\cc'jfd\ _Xmè^kf Z\Xj\ glYc`ZXk`fe Xckf^\k_\i*

Gfi\fm\i' n\ i\Z\ekcp gliZ_Xj\[ Xe[ èjkXcc\[ fli fne Zfdglk\i jpjk\d' n_`Z_ î\Xkcp \e_XeZ\j fliZ8cgXY`c`k`\je gifZ\jjè^ k_\ cXi^\ mfcld\ f] dX`c i\Z\`m\[' Xe[ è j\im`Zè^ fli dX`cè^ c`jk f] fm\i -,,',,,eXd\j* N_`j e\n \hl`gd\ek efk fecp èZi\Xj\j fli è)_flj\ \]]`Z`\eZp Yp ^`mè^ lj Xe Xcdfjk `dd\[`Xk\i\X[flk fe Xccfli mXi`flj [\gXikd\ekj' Ylk jXm\j lj k_fljXe[j f] [fccXij XeelXccp YS$\-`dèXkè^!k_\gliZ_Xj\ f] \og\ej`m\ Zfdglk\i k`d\*

s Ce X[[`k`fe kf k_\ lgîX[è^ f] fli èk\ieXc]XZ`c`k`\jn\ Xi\ Xcjf gc\Xj\[ kf XeefleZ\ k_\dfm\ f] fli \[`kfi`Xc f]]`Z\j kf Xdfi\ Z\ekiXcCfZ Xk`fe* Q_`c\ k_\ dX^Xqè\ `kj\c] n`ccZfekèl\' Xj è k_\ gXjk' kf Y\ XZklXccpgièk\[Xe[ dX`c\[ ]ifd ;kcXekX' A\fi^`X' fli \[`kfi`)Xc Xe[ gif[lZk`fe f]]`Z\j' Xcfe^ n`k_ b\pg\ijfee\c' Xi\ Y\è^ dfm\[ .753 @k*FXl[\i[Xc\' @cfi`[X kf GfY`c\' ;cXYXdX* Ilie\n dX`cè^ X[[i\jj ]fi Yfk_ =_i`jk`XeAifnk_ Gè`jki`\j Xe[ =L^ EPSSLGX^Xqè\'

********* ) \]]\Zk`m\ Xj f] efn' `j J*I* <fo T' GfY`c\'s *** ;F' /22-2* ;cc Zfii\jgfe[\eZ\' Zfeki`Ylk`fej

) ' Xe[ fi[\ij ]fi Yffbj Xe[ kXg\j j_flc[ Y\$! X[[i\jj\[ kf fli e\n Yfo eldY\i*

N_\ ^fm\ieè^ YfXi[ f] =_i`jk`Xe Aifnk_ Gè`jki`\j Xe[ =L^ EPUL GX^Xqè\' f] Zflij\' i\dXèjleZ_Xe^\[ Xe[ k_\ ]`m\ f] lj n_f Zfdgi`j\ k_XkYfXi[)>fe <Xj_Xd' ?ie <Xok\i' <fY Gld]fi[' >\i\b

ièZ\ Xe[ =_Xic\j M`dgjfe)Xî\\ k_Xk=L^ EPUL GX^Xqè\ `j Y\è^ jki\e^k_\e\[ ]fi X dfi\ \]]\Zk`m\dè`jkip k_Xe \m\i*

;^Xè' n\ nXek kf k_Xeb \XZ_ f] pfl ]fi pfli Zfekèlè^ \eZfliX^\d\ek Xe[ jlggfik* Q\ Zfm\k pfligiXp\ij k_Xk =L^ EPUL GX^Xqè\ dXp Zfekèl\ kf Y\ Xe \]]\Zk`m\ Z_Xee\c f] Zfddle`ZXk`fe ]fi k_\dè`jki`\j k_\ Ffi[ _Xj \ekiljk\[ kf lj*

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dfi\ =_i`jk`Xe)[fdèXk\[ Zfej\ejlj n\Xb\e\[' k_\dXafi`kp f] g\fgc\ X[fgk\[ knf `dgfm\i`j_\[ mXcl\j6WLYZVUHSWLHJLXe[ HMMS\LUJL%

J\ijfeXc g\XZ\ d\Xej aljk kf Y\ c\k Xcfe\' efk kf Y\kiflYc\[ Yp k_\ kiflYc\j f] fk_\i g\fgc\' n_\k_\iXZifjj k_\ nfic[ fi XZifjj k_\ Z`kp)kf c`m\ fe\$j c`]\n`k_ dè`dXc gfjj`Y`c`k`\j f] Y\è^ g\ijfeXccp [`j)kliY\[* J\ijfeXc g\XZ\ d\Xej nXekè^ kf _Xm\ dpg\ijfeXc c`]\ gXkk\ie le[`jkliY\[ è dp c`]\k`d\'i\^Xi[c\jj f] n_Xk k_\ i\jlck n`cc Y\ è k_\ c`]\k`d\j f]dp Z_`c[i\e Xe[ îXe[Z_`c[i\e* ;]]cl\eZ\ d\Xej Xefm\in_\cdè^ Xe[ \m\i)èZi\Xjè^ gifjg\i`kp)X c`]\dX[\ lg f] k_è^j' k_è^j' Xe[ dfi\ k_è^j)X jlZZ\jjal[^\[ Yp Xe \m\i)_`^_\i c\m\c f] dXk\i`Xc XYle[XeZ\*

@fi j\m\iXc ^\e\iXk`fej k_\ ]iX^d\ek\[ ZfeZ\gk f]befnc\[^\ Xe[ c`]\ n_`Z_ _X[ Y\Zfd\ [fdèXek nXjkXl^_k kf k_\ pfle^ Yp dXep f] k_\ gif]\jjfij èle`m\ij`k`\j Xifle[ k_\ nfic[* ;cc kff f]k\e n_\e k_\jkl[\ekj f] k_\ \Xicp jòk`\j Xjb\[ k_\ì gXi\ekj Xe[fk_\ij' !Q_p Y\ \[lZXk\[:! k_\p n\i\ kfc[' ènfi[j `] efk Yp `dgc`ZXk`fe' !<\ZXlj\ jkXk`jk`ZXccpXe\[lZXk\[ dXe dXb\j jf dlZ_ dfi\ dfe\p X p\Xi*!;e[ n_\e k_\p Xjb\[' !Q_p dXb\ dfi\ dfe\p:!k_\p n\i\ kfc[' !Mf k_Xkpfl ZXe j\e[ pfli Z_`c[i\ekf k_\ le`m\ij`kp*! ;ZZfi[è^ kf k_`j bè[ f] jgfb\efi `dgc`\[ Xejn\i' k_\i\ nXj ef d\Xeè^ ]fi dXe'Xe[ ef d\Xeè^ ]fi \[lZXk`fe*

GlZ_ f] k_\ dXjj d\[`X gfglcXi`q\[ k_\j\ZfeZ\gkj' gfliè^ flk è Xe \e[c\jj jki\Xd jf k_XkXn_fc\ ^\e\iXk`fe ]ifd `kj Yìk_ _Xj Y\\e èa\Zk\[n`k_ k_\ k\XZ_è^ k_Xk i\Xjfe c\X[j kf g\jj`d`jd èi\^Xi[ kf X d\Xeè^ f] c`]\ Xe[ n`k_ i\]\i\eZ\ kf Xep]ò\[ mXcl\j* N_`j _X[ Y\\e k_Xk ^\e\iXk`fe$jXkdfjg_\i\* Bc_X[ ef g\ijfeXc d\dfip f] k_\ [Xpjn_\e =_i`jk`Xe`kp _X[ dfi\ è]cl\eZ\ fe k_\Zfej\ejlj* N_fj\ è k_\ le`m\ij`k`\j jXn k_\dj\cm\j Xjc`kkc\Zfdglk\ij Zfekifcc\[ Yp k_\ cXi^\i Zfdglk\i f]k_\ le`m\ij`kp' n_`Z_ è klie nXj Zfekifcc\[ Yp k_\jk`cc)cXi^\iZfdglk\i f] k_\ jkXk\*

N_\ nfib \k_`Z' n_`Z_ _X[ d\Xeè^ n`k_è k_\=_i`jk`Xe ]iXd\nfib' efn Y\ZXd\ l^cp Xj k_\=_i`jk`Xe YXj\ nXj i\dfm\[* Qfib Y\ZXd\ Xe \e[ è`kj\c])n`k_ ef i\Xjfe kf nfib Xe[ ef mXcl\j kf[\k\idè\ n_Xk kf [f n`k_ k_\ gif[lZkj f] fe\$jnfib* ;e[ jl[[\ecp' è -520 Xk k_\ Oe`m\ij`kp f]=Xc`]fie`X Xk <\ib\c\p' k_\ jkl[\ekj ZXii`\[ k_\j\`[\Xj XYflk k_\ d\Xeè^c\jje\jj f] dXe flk èkf k_\

@iXeZ`j MZ_X\]]\i' efk\[ Xlk_fi' c\Zkli\i' Xe[ =_i`jk`Xeg_`cfjfg_\i)k_\fcf^`Xe' `j i\^Xi[\[ Xj fe\ f] k_\ ]fi\dfjk\mXe^\c`ZXck_èb\ij f] fli [Xp* B`j XeXcpj`j f] n\jk\ieZ`m`c`qXk`fej k_\ i\jlck f] ]fikp p\Xij f] jkl[p f] _ldXe`jdXe[ YXj`Z =_i`jk`Xe kilk_j* B\ Xe[ _`j n`]\ ?[`k_ Xi\ k_\]fle[\ij Xe[ i\j`[\ek [ì\Zkfij f] F$;Yi`' X =_i`jk`XeZfddle`kp Xe[ dè`jkip è k_\ Mn`jj ;cgj*

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jki\\kj* Q_p j_flc[ XepYf[p _Xm\ Y\\e jligi`j\[:GXep f] k_\ k\XZ_\ij kXl^_k k_\ lck`dXk\ d\Xi`è^)c\jje\jj f] dXe Xe[ k_\ XYj\eZ\ f] XYjfclk\j' Ylkk_\p k_\dj\cm\j c`m\[ èZfej`jk\ekcp Yp [\g\e[è^ fek_\ d\dfip f] k_\ gXjk*QXj `k efk eXkliXc k_Xkfe\^\e\iXk`fe nflc[ Y\^è kf c`m\ fe k_\ YXj`j f] n_Xkk_\p _X[ Y\\e kXl^_k: ;e[ Xk<\ib\c\p è -520 k_\i\jlckj n\i\ m`j`Yc\' ]lcc YcXjk*

<\ZXlj\ k_\ fecp _fg\ f] d\Xeè^ _X[ Y\\e gcXZ\[è k_\ Xi\X f] efe)i\Xjfe' [il^j n\i\ Yifl^_k èkf k_\g`Zkli\* >il^j _X[ Y\\e Xifle[ X cfe^ k`d\' Ylk]fccfnè^ ;c[flj Bloc\p$j `[\Xj' dXep jkl[\ekj efnXggifXZ_\[ [il^ kXbè^ Xj Xe `[\fcf^p' Xe[ jfd\' Xj Xi\c`^`fe* N_\p _fg\[ k_Xk [il^j nflc[ gifm`[\d\Xeè^ !èj`[\ fe\$j _\X['! è ZfekiXjk kf fYa\Zk`m\kilk_' ZfeZ\ieè^ n_`Z_ k_\p _X[ ^`m\e lg _fg\*JjpZ_fcf^`jk N`dfk_p F\Xip' ]fi \oXdgc\' jX`[ k_Xk[il^j n\i\ k_\ jXZiXd\ekj ]fi k_\ e\n i\c`^`fe* <lk[il^ kXbè^ nXj i\Xccp fecp fe\ dfi\ c\Xg' Xe Xkk\dgkkf ]è[ d\Xeè^ è k_\ Xi\X f] efe)i\Xjfe*

;k <\ib\c\p k_\ @i\\ Mg\\Z_ Gfm\d\ek Xifj\j`dlckXe\fljcp n`k_ k_\ _`gg`\ nfic[ f] [il^j* ;k]ìjk `k nXj gfc`k`ZXccpe\`k_\i c\]k efi i`^_k' Ylk iXk_\iX ZXcc]fi ]i\\[fd kf \ogi\jj Xep gfc`k`ZXcm`\nj feMgiflc JcXqX*N_\e jffe k_\ @i\\ Mg\\Z_ Gfm\d\ekY\ZXd\ k_\ >ìkp Mg\\Z_ Gfm\d\ek è n_`Z_]i\\[fd nXj j\\e Xj j_flkè^ ]fli)c\kk\i nfi[j èkf Xd`b\* Mffe X]k\i' `k Y\ZXd\ k_\ gcXk]fid ]fi k_\gfc`k`ZXc H\n F\]k n_`Z_ ]fccfn\[ k_\ k\XZ_è^ f]B\iY\ik GXiZlj\' X Oe`m\ij`kp f] =Xc`]fie`X gif]\jjfif] g_`cfjfg_p n_f XjZi`Y\[ kf H\\)GXio`jd*

@fi jfd\ k`d\' pfle^ g\fgc\ n\i\ ]`^_kè^ X^Xèjkk_\ì gXi\ekj$ `dgfm\i`j_\[ mXcl\j f] g\ijfeXc g\XZ\Xe[ X]]cl\eZ\)n_\k_\i k_\ì nXp f] ]`^_kè^ nXjk_ifl^_ GXiZlj\$j H\n F\]k fi k_ifl^_ kXbè^ [il^jXj Xe `[\fcf^p* N_\ pfle^ g\fgc\ nXek\[ dfi\ kf c`]\k_Xe g\ijfeXc g\XZ\ Xe[ X]]cl\eZ\* N_\p n\i\ i`^_k èk_\ì XeXcpj`j f] k_\ gifYc\d' Ylk k_\p n\i\ d`jkXb\eè k_\ì jfclk`fej*

;j k_\ jòk`\j [i\n kf X Zcfj\ Xe[ k_\ j\m\ek`\jY\^Xe' gifYXYcp dfi\ g\fgc\ n\i\ kXbè^ jfd\ ]fidf] [il^' Xe[ XkXe \m\i)pfle^\i X^\* <lk kXbè^ [il^jnXj ef cfe^\i Xe `[\fcf^p* N_Xk nXj ]è`j_\[* >il^jj`dgcp Y\ZXd\ k_\ \jZXg\ n_`Z_ k_\p _X[ Y\\ekiX[`k`feXccp è dXep gcXZ\j è k_\ gXjk*

BldXe`jd' dXe Y\^èeè^ fecp ]ifd _`dj\c]' _X[[\jkifp\[ k_\ fc[ YXj`j f] mXcl\j' Xe[ Zflc[ ]è[ efnXp kf ^\e\iXk\ n`k_ Z\ikXèkp Xep e\n mXcl\j* 2Mk_\i\jlckè^ mXZlld k_\ `dgfm\i`j_\[ mXcl\j f] g\ijfi`X`g\XZ\ Xe[ X]]cl\eZ\ _X[ Zfd\ kf jkXe[ jlgi\d\* ;e[efn' ]fi k_\ dXafi`kp f] k_\ pfle^ g\fgc\' X]k\i k_\gXjjè^ f] k_\ ]Xcj\ _fg\j f] [il^j Xj Xe `[\fcf^p Xe[k_\ ]X[è^ f] k_\ H\n F\]k' n_Xk i\dXè\[: Iecp

-,*35)37 #'&'

XgXk_pnXj c\]k*Cek_\ Oe`k\[ MkXk\jYp k_\ Y\^èeè^f] k_\ j\m\ek`\j' XgXk_pnXj Xcdfjk Zfdgc\k\* CeZfekiXjk kf k_\ gfc`k`ZXcXZk`m`jkjf] k_\ jòk`\j' efkdXep f] k_\ pfle^ \m\e n\ek kf k_\ gfccj kf mfk\'\m\e k_fl^_ k_\ eXk`feXcmfkè^ X^\ nXj cfn\i\[ kf\`^_k\\e* Bfg\ nXj ^fe\*

;]k\i k_\ klidf`c f] k_\ jòk`\j' dXep g\fgc\k_fl^_k k_Xk k nXj jf dlZ_ Y\kk\i n_\e k_\ le`m\i)j`k`\j hl`\k\[ [fne è k_\ \Xicp j\m\ek`\j* C Zflc[_Xm\n\gk* N_\ pfle^ g\fgc\ _X[ Y\\e i`^_k è k_\ìXeXcpj`j'k_fl^_ nife^ è k_\ì jfclk`fej* Bfn dlZ_nfij\ n_\e dXep ^Xm\lg _fg\ Xe[ j`dgcp XZZ\gk\[k_\ jXd\ mXcl\j Xj k_\ì gXi\ekj)g\ijfeXc g\XZ\ Xe[X]]cl\eZ\* H\n [il^j i\dXè' Ylk fecp è gXiXcc\ckfk_\ fc[\i ^\e\iXk`fe$j XcZf_fc'Xe[ Xe\oZ\jj`m\ lj\ f]

$$$ FNPQNKNMGA KAPGEQEC#RINMNFRHECHSPCHHAQNMKVBEEMREACHIMGA PEKARITIQRICHSLAMIQLSQIMGPEKIGINSQREP#LIMNKNGV$

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MI=CIFIAC=;F F;Q

Cek_\ Oe`k\[ MkXk\jdXep fk_\i giXZk`ZXcgifYc\dj[\m\cfg\[ Xj dXe$j [\jì\ kf Y\ Xlkfefdflj ]ifdAf[$j i\m\cXk`fe)è k_\ <`Yc\ Xe[ k_ifl^_ =_i`jk)èZi\Xjè^cp i\XZ_\[ `kj eXkliXcZfeZclj`fej* MfZ`fcf^)`ZXccp'SH^PZRPUN%MXdl\cLlk_\i]fi[$j ;L_ @L_"nXjef cfe^\i k_\ YXj\n_\i\Yp fe\ Zflc[ Y\ ilc\[ Yp cXniXk_\i k_Xe k_\ XiY`kiXipal[^d\ekj f] d\e Xe[n_\i\Yp k_\i\ Zflc[ Y\ n`[\ ]i\\[fdj n`k_flkZ_Xfj*;ep nXpj è n_`Z_ k_\ jpjk\d `j jk`ccnfibè^`j cXi^\cp[l\ kf k_\ j_\\i è\ik`Xf] k_\ ZfekèlXk`fef] gXjk gièZ`gc\j* <lk k_`j Yfiifnè^ ZXeefk ^f fe]fi\m\i*

=`m`ccXn_Xj dfm\[ kfnXi[ Y\è^ jfZ`fcf^`ZXccXn*>`jkè^l`j_\[ ali`jk Xe[ Mlgi\d\ =flik Dljk`Z\ Ic`m\iQ\e[\cc Bfcd\j' Di*kffb Xcfe^ jk\g è k_`j [ì\Zk`fe*

H?Q QCH?

Ce BOL 2VTTVU '*; Bfcd\j jX`[ k_XkcXn`j YXj\[fe \og\i`\eZ\* @i\[\i`Zb Gffi\ Pèjfe' ]fid\i =_`\]Dljk`Z\ f] k_\ Oe`k\[ MkXk\jMlgi\d\ =flik' jg\cc\[flk k_`j gifYc\d Yp jXpè^' !Hfk_è^ `j dfi\ Z\ikXèè df[\ie jfZ`\kp k_Xek_\ gièZ`gc\ k_Xkk_\i\ Xi\ efXYjfclk\j*! ;cc `j i\cXk`m\7Xccj \og\i`\eZ\* CegXjjè^n\ j_flc[ efk\ k_`j Zli`flj dXib f] fli X^\6 N_\fecp XYjfclk\ Xccfn\[ `j k_\ XYjfclk\ èj`jk\eZ\ k_Xkk_\i\ `j ef XYjfclk\*

F\]k kf[Xp n`k_ Ic`m\i Q\e[\cc Bfcd\j$ !\og\i`)\eZ\! Xe[ @i\[\i`Zb Gffi\ Pèjfe$j jkXk\d\ek k_Xkefk_è^ `j dfi\ Z\ikXèè jfZ`\kp k_Xek_Xkk_\i\ Xi\ef XYjfclk\j' cXn _Xj fecp XmXi`XYc\Zfek\ek* GlZ_df[\ie cXn `j efk \m\e YXj\[ fe gi\Z\[\ek7 k_Xkj' `k[f\j efk e\Z\jjXi`cp _fc[ ]Xjkkf XZfekèl`kp n`k_ k_\c\^Xc[\Z`j`fej f] k_\ gXjk*N_lj' n`k_è Xn`[\ iXe^\'k_\ =fejk`klk`fe f] k_\ Oe`k\[ MkXk\jZXeY\ dX[\kf jXp n_Xk k_\ Zflikj f] k_\ gi\j\ek nXek `k kfjXp)YXj\[ fe XZflik$j [\Z`j`fe Xj kf n_Xkk_\ Zflik]\\cj `j jfZ`fcf^`ZXccp_\cg]lc Xkk_\ dfd\ek* ;k k`d\jk_`j Yiè^j ]fik_ _Xggp i\jlckj' Xkc\Xjkk\dgfiXi`cp7Ylk feZ\ k_\ [ffi `j fg\e\[' Xepk_è^ ZXeY\Zfd\cXn Xe[ k_\ XiY`kiXipal[^d\ekj f] d\e Xi\ bè^* FXn`j efn ]i\\n_\\cè^' Xe[ k_\ Zflikj efk fecp èk\igi\kk_\ cXnj n_`Z_ c\^`jcXkfij _Xm\dX[\' Ylk dXb\ cXn*;L_ @L_ _Xj Y\Zfd\ @L_ ;L_% ;iY`kiXip al[^d\ekZfeZ\ieè^ Zlii\ek jfZ`fcf^`ZXc ff[ `j bè^*

;j XiY`kiXipXYjfclk\j Z_XiXZk\i`q\Zfddle`jk`Zilc\' jf k_\i\ `j X[i`]k è k_`j [ì\Zk`fe fe fli j`[\ f]k_\ Cife =likXè Xj n\cc*N_`j d\Xej k_Xkki\d\e[fljZ_Xe^\j f] [ì\Zk`fe ZXeY\ dX[\ Xe[ k_\ dXafi`kp f]k_\ g\fgc\ k\e[ kf XZZ\gkk_\d n`k_flk hl\jk`fe)efdXkk\i _fn XiY`kiXipk_\ Z_Xe^\j Xi\ fi _fn Y`^ XYi\Xbk_\p dXb\ n`k_ gXjkcXnfi gXjkZfej\ejlj*

;j k_\ =_i`jk`Xe Zfej\ejlj [`\j' k_\i\ Xi\ efk dXepjfZ`fcf^`ZXcXck\ieXk`m\j*Ie\ gfjj`Y`c`kp `j _\[fe`jd'è n_`Z_ \m\ip dXe [f\j _`j fne k_è^*Nipè^ kfYl`c[ XjfZ`\kp fe _\[fe`jd c\X[j kf Z_Xfj*Ie\ dXeZXec`m\fe X[\j\ik `jcXe[ Xe[ [f Xj_\ n`j_\j n`k_èk_\ c`d`kj f] k_\ ]fid f] k_\ le`m\ij\' Ylk Xjjffe Xjknf d\e c`m\ fe k_\ `jcXe[' `] k_\p Xi\ kf c`m\èg\XZ\' k_\p ZXeefk Yfk_ [f j`dgcp Xj k_\p gc\Xj\*=fej`[\i knf _\[fe`jkj d\\kè^ fe XeXiifn Yi`[^\Zifjjè^ X ilj_è^ jki\Xd6 ?XZ_ ZXeefk [f _`j fnek_è^*

; j\Zfe[ gfjj`Y`c`kp `j k_\ XYjfclk\e\jj f] k_\1-)g\iZ\ek mfk\* Ce k_\ [Xpj f] X dfi\ =_i`jk`XeZlckli\' X cfe\ è[`m`[lXc n`k_ k_\ <`Yc\ Zflc[ al[^\Xe[ nXie jfZ`\kp' i\^Xi[c\jj f] k_\ dXafi`kp mfk\'Y\ZXlj\ k_\i\ nXj Xe XYjfclk\ Yp n_`Z_ kf al[^\*N_\i\ nXj Xe XYjfclk\ ]fi Yfk_ dfiXcj Xe[ cXn*<lkkf k_\ \ok\ek k_Xkk_\ =_i`jk`Xe Zfej\ejlj `j ^fe\'k_`j XYjfclk\ `j ^fe\ Xj X jfZ`Xc ]fiZ\* F\k lj

!#

i\d\dY\i k_Xkfe k_\ YXj`jf] k_\ XYjfclk\e\jj f] k_\1-)g\iZ\ek mfk\' B`kc\i nXj g\i]\Zkcp \ek`kc\[ kf [f Xj_\ n`j_\[ `] _\ _X[ k_\ gfglcXi jlggfik* Ie k_`j YXj`jcXn Xe[ dfiXcj Y\Zfd\ XdXkk\i f] Xm\iX^\j*;e[ fek_`j YXj`j' `] k_\ dXafi`kp mfk\ jlggfik\[ `k' `knflc[Y\Zfd\ !i`^_k! kf b`cck_\ fc[' k_\ èZliXYcp`cc'k_\èjXe\)Xi`[ fk_\i îflgj Zflc[ Y\ [\ZcXi\[ efe)g\ijfej* Hf mf`Z\ Zflc[ Y\ iX`j\[ X^Xèjkk*

BWk_\i\ Xi\ ef XYjfclk\j' Xe[ `] n\ [f efk c`b\\`k_\i k_\ Z_Xfj f] _\[fe`jd fi k_\ XYjfclk\e\jj f]k_\ 1-)g\iZ\ek mfk\' fecp fe\ fk_\i Xck\ieXk`m\`j c\]k6fe\ dXe fi Xe \c`k\' ^`mè^ Xlk_fi`kXk`m\XiY`kiXipXYjfclk\j* $

B\i\ `j Xj`dgc\ Ylk gif]fle[ ilc\6 BWk_\i\ Xi\ efXYjfclk\j Yp n_`Z_ kf al[^\ jfZ`\kp' k_\e jfZ`\kp `jXYjfclk\* MfZ`\kp `j c\]k n`k_ fe\ dXe fi Xe \c`k\]Cccè k_\ mXZlld c\]k Yp k_\ cfjj f] k_\ =_i`jk`XeZfej\ejlj n_`Z_ fi`^èXccp^`m\lj ]fid Xe[ ]i\\[fdè efik_\ie ?lifg\ Xe[ è k_\ Q\jk* Ce Zfddle`jd'k_\ \c`k\ _Xj nfe `kj nXp' Xe[ ilc\ `j YXj\[ lgfeXiY`kiXip XYjfclk\j _Xe[\[ [fne Yp k_Xk \c`k\*;Yjfclk\j ZXeY\ [OPZkf[Xp Xe[ [OH[kfdfiifn*

BOG;HCMG)CNMH;NOL;F =IH=FOMCIH

BldXe`jd _Xj c\[ kf `kj eXkliXcZfeZclj`fe* Bc_Xjîfle[ [fne kf k_\ gfèk F\feXi[f [X PèZ` m`jlXc)`q\[ jf cfe^ X^f n_\e _\ i\Xc`q\[ k_Xk'jkXikè^fecp]ifd dXe' dXk_\dXk`Zj c\X[j lj fecp kf gXik`Zl)cXij)Xe[ gXik`ZlcXij c\X[ fecp kf d\Z_Xe`Zj*BldXe`jd _X[ ef nXp kf ]è[ k_\ le`m\ijXc è k_\Xi\Xj f] d\Xeè^ Xe[ mXcl\j*;j dp jfe' @iXebp'glk`k' !BldXe`jd _Xj Z_Xe^\[ k_\ Nn\ekp)k_ì[ JjXcd6

N_\p Y\^Xe)C Xd dp j_\g_\i[N_\e)M_\\g Xi\ dp j_\g_\i[N_\e)?m\ipk_è^ `j dp j_\g_\i[@èXccp)Hfk_è^`j dp j_\g_\i[*!

N_\i\ `j X [\Xk_ n`j_ è_\i\ek è _ldXe`jd)k_\`dglcj`m\ [i`m\ kf Y\Xkkf [\Xk_ k_\ YXj\n_`Z_ dX[\fli ]i\\[fdj Xe[ fli Zlckli\ gfjj`Yc\*

CeXeZ`\ekCjiX\c'n_\e k_\ eXk`fe _X[ klie\[ ]ifdAf[ Xe[ ]ifd _`j kilk_ Xe[ ZfddXe[j Xj ^`m\e èMZi`gkli\' k_\ gifg_\k D\i\d`X_ Zi`\[ flk k_Xkk_\i\nXj [\Xk_ è k_\ Z`kp*B\ nXj jg\Xbè^ efk fecp f] tg_pj`ZXc[\Xk_ è D\iljXc\d Ylk Xcjf X n`[\i [\Xk_*<\ZXlj\ D'\n`j_ jfZ`\kp f] k_Xk[Xp _X[ klie\[ XnXp]ifd n_Xk Af[ _X[ ^`m\e k_\d è k_\ MZk`gkli\'k_\i\nXj [\Xk_ è k_\ gfc`j' k_Xk`j' [\Xk_ è k_\ kfkXcZlckli\ Xe[ k_\ kfkXcjfZ`\kp*

.4

Ce fli \iX' jfZ`fcf^`ZXccp'dXe [\jkifp\[ k_\ YXj\n_`Z_ ^Xm\_`d k_\ gfjj`Y`c`kp f] ]i\\[fdj n`k_flkZ_Xfj* BldXe`jkj _Xm\ Y\\e [\k\idè\[ kf Y\Xkkf[\Xk_' k_\ befnc\[^\ f] Af[ Xe[ k_\ befnc\[^\ k_XkAf[ _Xj efk Y\\e j`c\ek' Ylk _Xj jgfb\e è k_\ <`Yc\Xe[ k_ifl^_ =_i`jk)Xe[ k_\p _Xm\Y\\e [\k\idè\[kf [f k_`j \m\e k_fl^_ k_\ [\Xk_ f] mXcl\j _Xj Zfd\n`k_ k_\ [\Xk_ f] k_Xkbefnc\[^\*

Q\ j\\ knf \]]\Zkj f] fli cfjj f] d\Xeè^ Xe[mXcl\j*N_\ ]ìjk `j [\^\e\iXZp* N_èb f] H\n Sfib=`kp$j N`d\ MhlXi\)@fikp)j\Zfe[ Xe[ <ifX[nXp* BWfe\ ^f\j kf n_Xklj\[ kf Y\ k_\ cfm\cpEXcm\i`kiXXkè;djk\i[Xd' fe\ ]è[j k_Xk kkff _Xj Y\Zfd\ \hlXccpjhlXc`[* N_\ jXd\ `j kil\ f] cfm\cp fc[ jki\\kj è=fg\e_X^\e* Jfdg\`` _Xj i\klie\[ N_\ dXibj f]XeZ`\ek Lfd\ jZXi lj6 [\^\e\iXZp' [\ZX[\eZ\'[\giXm`kp' Xcfm\ f] m`fc\eZ\ ]fi m`fc\eZ\$j jXb\* N_\j`klXk`fe `j gcXè*BWn\ cffb' n\ j\\ `k*BWn\ j\\ `k'n\ Xi\ ZfeZ\ie\[*

<lk n\ dljk efk`Z\ k_Xkk_\i\ `j Xj\Zfe[ i\jlck f]df[\ie dXe$j cfjj f] d\Xi`è^ Xe[ mXcl\j n_`Z_ `jdfi\ fdèflj' Xe[ n_`Z_ dXep g\fgc\ [f efk j\\*N_`j j\Zfe[ i\jlck `j k_Xkk_\ \c`k\ n`cc \o`jk* MfZ`\kpZXeefk jkXe[ Z_Xfj*Mfd\ îflg fi jfd\ g\ijfe n`cc]`cc k_\ mXZlld* ;e \c`k\ n`cc f]]\i lj XiY`kiXipXYjfclk\j' Xe[ n_f n`cc jkXe[ è `kj nXp:

Q`cc k_\ j`c\ek dXafi`kp _\cg: N_\ jf)ZXcc\[ j`c\ekdXafi`kp nXj Xe[ `j [`m`[\[ èkf X dèfi`kp Xe[ XdXafi`kp*N_\ dèfi`kp Xi\ \`k_\i =_i`jk`Xej n_f _Xm\X i\Xc YXj`j ]fi mXcl\j fi k_fj\ n_f Xkc\Xjk _Xm\Xd\dfip f] k_\ [Xpj n_\e k_\ mXcl\j n\i\ i\Xc*N_\dXafi`kp Xi\ c\]k n`k_ fecp k_\ì knf gffi mXcl\j f]g\ijfeXc g\XZ\ Xe[ X]]cl\eZ\*

Q`k_ jlZ_ mXcl\j' n`ccd\e jkXe[ ]fi k_\ì c`Y\ik`\j:Q`cck_\p efk ^`m\ lg k_\ì c`Y\ik`\j jk\g Yp jk\g' èZ_Yp èZ_' Xj cfe^ Xj k_\ì fne g\ijfeXc g\XZ\ Xe[gifjg\i`kp `j jljkXè\[ Xe[ efk Z_Xcc\e^\[' Xe[ Xjcfe^ Xj k_\ ^ff[j Xi\ [\c`m\i\[: N_\ c`]\)jkpc\j f] k_\pfle^ Xe[ k_\ fc[ ^\e\iXk`fej Xi\ [`]]\i\ek* N_\i\ Xi\k\ej`fej Y\kn\\e cfe^ _Xì Xe[ j_fik' [il^j Xe[efe)[il^j' n_Xk\m\i Xi\ k_\ flknXi[ [`jkèZk`fej f]k_\ dfd\ek* <lk k_\p jlggfik \XZ_ fk_\i jfZ`fcf^)`ZXccp']fi Yfk_ \dYiXZ\ k_\ mXcl\j f] g\ijfeXc g\XZ\Xe[' X]]cl\eZ\* GlZ_ f] k_\ Z_liZ_ `j ef _\cg _\i\\`k_\i' Y\ZXlj\ ]fi jf cfe^ X cXi^\ j\Zk`fe f] k_\Z_liZ_ _Xj fecp Y\\e k\XZ_è^Xi\cXk`m`jk`Z_ldXe`jdljè^ i\c`^`flj k\idèfcf^p*

CY\c`\m\ k_\ dXafi`kp f] k_\ j`c\ek dXafi`kp' pfle^Xe[ fc[' n`cc jljkXè k_\ cfjj f] c`Y\ik`\j n`k_flkiX`jè^ k_\ì mf`Z\j Xj cfe^ Xj k_\ì fne c`]\)jkpc\j Xi\efk k_i\Xk\e\[* ;e[ jèZ\ g\kjfeXc g\XZ\ Xe[X]]cl\eZ\ Xi\ jf f]k\e k_\ fecp mXcl\jk_XkZflek n`k_k_\ dXafi`kp' gfc`k`Z`Xejbefn k_Xkkf Y\ \c\Zk\[ k_\p

?>;JM:JO .646

dljk gifd`j\ k_\j\ k_è^j* Jfc`k`Zj _Xj cXi^\cp Y\Zfd\efk X dXkk\i f] `[\Xcj)èZi\Xjè^cp d\e Xe[ nfd\eXi\ efk jkìi\[ Yp k_\ mXcl\j f] c`Y\ikp Xe[ kilk_)Ylkf] jlggcpè^ X Zfejk`kl\eZp n`k_ X ]ifjkè^ f]g\ijfeXc g\XZ\ Xe[ X]]cl\eZ\* N_\p befn k_Xkmf`Z\jn`cc efk Y\ iX`j\[ Xj cfe^ Xj g\fgc\ _Xm\k_\j\ k_è^j'fi Xkc\Xjk Xe `cclj`fe f] k_\d*

?[nXi[ A`YYfe è _`j 3LJSPULHUK 5HSS VM [OL@VTHU 4TWPYL jX`[ k_Xkk_\ ]fccfnè^ ]`m\ Xkki`Ylk\jdXib\[ Lfd\ Xk `kj \e[6 ]ìjk' X dflekè^ cfm\ f]j_fn Xe[ clolip %k_Xk`j' X]]cl\eZ\&7 j\Zfe[' Xn`[\eè^ ^Xg Y\kn\\e k_\ m\ip i`Z_ Xe[ k_\ m\ip gffi%k_`j Zflc[ Y\ Xdfe^ Zfleki`\j è k_\ ]Xd`cp f]eXk`fej Xj n\cc Xj è X jè^c\ eXk`fe&7 k_ì[' XefYj\jj`fe n`k_ j\o7 ]flik_! ]i\Xb`j_e\jj è k_\ Xikj'dXjhl\iX[è^ Xj fi`^èXc`kp' Xe[ \ek_lj`Xjdjgi\k\e[è^ kf Y\ Zi\Xk`m`kp7]`]k_' Xe èZi\Xj\[ [\jì\kf c`m\ f]] k_\ jkXk\*BcXccjfle[j jf ]Xd`c`Xi*Q\ _Xm\Zfe`\ Xcfe^ ifX[' Xe[ n\ Xi\ YXZb e Lfd\*

QB;N ;L? NB? ;FN?LH;NCP?M:

Ce jlZ_ ZìZldjkXeZ\j' `k j\\dj k_Xkk_\i\ Xi\ fecpknf Xck\ieXk`m\j è k_\ eXkliXc ]cfn f] \m\ekj6 ]ìjk'`dgfj\[ fi[\i fi' j\Zfe[' fli jfZ`\kp feZ\ X^XèX]]ìdè^ k_Xk YXj\ n_`Z_ ^Xm\ ]i\\[fd n`k_flkZ_Xfj è k_\ ]ìjk gcXZ\)Af[$j i\m\cXk`fe è k_\ <`Yc\$Xe[ _`j i\m\cXk`fe k_ifl^_ =_i`jk* Q\ _Xm\j\\e dXepf] k_\ `dgc`ZXk`fej f] Xe `dgfj\[ fi[\i* <lk iXk_\ik_Xe k_ifnè^ lg fli _Xe[j Xe[ ^`mè^ è' n\ j_flc[kXb\ j\i`fljcp k_\ j\Zfe[ Xck\ieXk`m\*

=_i`jk`Xe mXcl\j' _fn\m\i' ZXeefk Y\ XZZ\gk\[ Xj Xjlg\i`fi lk`c`kXi`Xe`jd' aljk Xj Xd\Xej kf Xe \e[* N_\Y`Yc`ZXcd\jjX^\ `j kilk_ Xe[ `k [\dXe[j X Zfdd`k)d\ek kf kilk_* Bcd\Xej k_Xk\m\ipk_è^ `j efk k_\i\jlck f] k_\ `dg\ijfeXc gclj k`d\ gclj Z_XeZ\' Ylkk_Xk k_\i\ `j Xe è]è`k\)g\ijfeXc Af[ n_f `j k_\=i\Xkfi f] k_\ le`m\ij\' k_\ jgXZ\)k`d\ Zfekèlld *Q\ j_flc[ efk ]fi^\k k_Xkk_`j nXj n_Xk k_\ ]fle[\ij

H?Q QCH?

f] df[\ie jZ`\eZ\ Yl`ck lgfe* Bcd\Xej k_\ XZZ\g)kXeZ\ f] =_i`jk Xj MXm`fiXe[ Ffi[' Xe[ `k d\Xej c`mè^le[\i Af[$j i\m\cXk`fe* B\i\ k_\i\ Xi\ dfiXcj' mXcl\j'Xe[ d\Xeè^' èZcl[è^ d\Xeè^ ]fi g\fgc\' n_`Z_ Xi\efk aljk X i\jlck f] jkXk`jk`ZXcXm\iX^\j*N_`j `j e\`k_\iX lk`c`kXi`Xe`jd' efi Xc\Xg XnXp ]ifd i\Xjfe7 `k `j k_\kilk_ k_Xk^`m\j X le`kp kf Xccf] befnc\[^\ Xe[ Xccf]c`]\* N_`j j\Zfe[ Xck\ieXk`m\ d\Xej k_Xk re[`m`[lXcjZfd\ kf k_\ gcXZ\n_\i\ k_\p _Xm\ k_`j YXj\' Xe[ k_\pè]cl\eZ\ k_\ ZKej\ejlj* MlZ_ =_i`jk`Xej [f efk e\\[kf Y\ X dXafi`kp è fi[\i ]fi k_`j è]cl\eZ\ fe jfZ`\kpkf fZZli*

Ce XYflk ;*>* 2,' X D\n n_f nXj X =_i`jk`Xe Xe[n_f Xcjf be\n k_\ Ai\\b Xe[ LfdXe k_èbè^ f] _`j[Xp nifk\ X c\kk\i kf k_fj\ n_f c`m\[ è Lfd\* B\jX`[ k_Xk k_\ èk\îXk`fe gfèkj f] k_\ Ai\\b Xe[LfdXe nfic[ m`\n n\i\ efk \efl^_ kf Xejn\i k_\hl\jk`fej gfj\[ \`k_\i Yp k_\ \o`jk\eZ\ f] k_\le`m\ij\ Xe[ `kj ]fid' fi Yp k_\ le`hl\e\jj f] dXe*B\ jX`[ k_Xk k_\p [\j\im\[ al[^d\ek Y\ZXlj\ k_\pbe\n k_Xk k_\p [`[ efk _Xm\ Xe X[\hlXk\ Xejn\i kfk_\ hl\jk`fej iX`j\[ Yp k_\ le`m\ij\ fi Yp k_\\o`jk\eZ\ f] dXe' Xe[ p\k k_\p i\]lj\[' k_\pjlggi\jj\[' k_Xk n_`Z_ `j k_\ Xejn\i* Nf hlfk\ _`jc\kk\i6 !N_\ i\ki`Ylk`fe f] Af[ `j i\m\Xc\[ ]ifd_\Xm\e X^XèjkXccle^f[cè\jj Xe[ lei`^_k\flje\jj f]d\e' n_f jlggi\jj k_\ kilk_ è lei`^_k\flje\jj*<\ZXlj\ k_Xkn_`Z_ `j befne f] Af[ `j \m`[\ek n`k_èk_\d Uk_Xk j' k_\ le`hl\e\jj f] dXe è ZfekiXjk kfefe)dXeW ' ]fi Af[ dX[\ `k \m`[\ek kf k_\d* @fi k_\èm`j`Yc\ k_è^j f] _`d jèZ\ k_\ Zi\Xk`fe f] k_\ nfic[Xi\ Zc\Xicpj\\e' Y\è^ g\iZ\`m\[ Yp k_\ k_è^j k_XkXi\dX[\ Uk_Xk j' k_\ \o`jk\eZ\ f] k_\ le`m\ij\ Xe[ `kj]fidW' \m\e _`j \k\ieXc gfn\i Xe[ [`mè`kp7 jf k_Xkk_\p Xi\ n`k_flk \oZlj\*!

B\i\ _\ `j jXpè^ k_Xkk_\ le`m\ij\ Xe[ `kj ]fid Xe[k_\ dXee`j_e\jj f] dXe jg\Xb k_\ jXd\ kilk_ k_Xkk_\<`Yc\ ^`m\j è î\Xk\i [\kX`c* N_Xk k_`j Af[ \o`jkj Xe[k_Xk_\ _Xj efk Y\\e j`c\ek Ylk _Xj jgfb\e kf g\fgc\è k_\ <`Yc\ Xe[ k_ifl^_ =_i`jk nXj k_\ YXj`j ]fi k_\i\klie kf Xdfi\ ]lccp Y`Yc`ZXc=_i`jk`Xe`kp è k_\ [Xpjf] k_\ L\]fid\ij* BcnXj X d\jjX^\ f] k_\ gfjj`Y`c`kpk_Xk g\fgc\ Zflc[ i\klie kf Af[ fe k_\ YXj`j f] k_\[\Xk_ f] =_i`jk Xcfe\* <lk n`k_ `k ZXd\ dXep fk_\ii\Xc`k`\j' èZcl[se^ ]fid Xe[ ]i\\[fd è k_\ Zlckli\Xe[ jfZ`\kp Yl$`ckfe k_Xk dfi\ Y`Yc`ZXc=_i`jk`Xe`kp*N_\ ]i\\[fd Yifl^_k ]fik_ nXj k`kXe`Z'Xe[ p\k' n`k_k_\ ]fidj ^`m\e è k_\ MZi`gkli\' k_\ ]i\\[fdj [`[ efkc\X[ kf Z_Xfj* ;e[ `k `j k_`j n_`Z_ ZXe ^`m\ lj _fg\]fi k_\ ]lkli\*S

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