ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics on ......web transfer, and ecotoxicological impact of mps...
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ECOTOXICOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF MICROPLASTICS ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Andy Booth
SINTEF Environmental Technology, Norway
Materials and Chemistry 2
Primary microplastics (MPs)
Micro-size (< 5 mm) plastic particles/beads
for consumer products
Secondary MPs
Large plastic items not degradable, but
fragment over time.
Micro-fragments of standard plastic litter (e.g.
bottles, fishing-nets, bags or textiles)
Materials and Chemistry 3
MPs found in all
marine habitats
Uptake of MPs by
various marine biota.
MPs entering marine
food webs
May pass to larger
organisms ending up
in human food.
Materials and Chemistry 4
Microplastic contamination
Wide range of marine species from most trophic levels Sediment & water column species
Materials and Chemistry
Evidence of sublethal impacts……..
5
……..but relatively limited studies
Daphnia magna
Lytechinus variegatus
Pomatoschistus micropsArenicola marina
Centropages typicus
Materials and Chemistry
Impact studies relevant to the (sea)food industry
6
Limited studies - Mostly shellfish
Sediment
OystersMussels
Water Column
Ingestion studied in commercial fish species
Whiting Indian mackerel
Pacific anchovy Thickback sole Boops boops
European hake
Egestion? Impacts?
Materials and Chemistry 7
Selected knowledge gaps
Effects of MPs on aquatic species at different life
stages (including food species)
Evidence for MP impacts to populations,
communities and ecosystems
MP uptake, internalisation and potential for
transfer to larger species
Materials and Chemistry 8
JPIO Microplastics Projects
Materials and Chemistry
Direct and indirect ecotoxicological impacts of
microplastics on marine organisms
The PLASTOX project will investigate the ingestion, food-
web transfer, and ecotoxicological impact of MPs together
with the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals and
plastic additive chemicals associated with them, on key
European marine species and ecosystems.
Total budget = 3.5 m€
Total JPI Oceans funding = 2.0 m€
Coordinator: Andy Booth ([email protected])
Materials and Chemistry 10
Microplastics Pilot Action
Focus METHODS MONITORING EFFECTS
Goals Assure quality of current
assessment methods
Develop robust, cost-effective
methods
Generate comparable and
validated MP data
Explore risks associated with
MPs in marine environment
Assess potential for MPs to
enter human food chain
Examine MP uptake &
transfer between species
Materials and Chemistry
Materials and Chemistry
Objectives
• Characterise and quantify microplastic uptake, accumulation and excretion at the cell, fluid,
tissue and organism levels.
Objectives
• Characterise and quantify microplastic uptake, accumulation and excretion at the cell, fluid,
tissue and organism levels.
• Determine acute and a broad range of sublethal ecotoxicological effects and modes of action
of microplastic exposure on key marine species.
Objectives
• Characterise and quantify microplastic uptake, accumulation and excretion at the cell, fluid,
tissue and organism levels.
• Determine acute and a broad range of sublethal ecotoxicological effects and modes of action
of microplastic exposure on key marine species.
• Quantify the adsorption of toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals to
microplastics and the desorption of plastic additive compounds.
Objectives
• Characterise and quantify microplastic uptake, accumulation and excretion at the cell, fluid,
tissue and organism levels.
• Determine acute and a broad range of sublethal ecotoxicological effects and modes of action
of microplastic exposure on key marine species.
• Quantify the adsorption of toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals to
microplastics and the desorption of plastic additive compounds.
• Assess the role of POP and metal adsorption/desorption on MP ecotoxicity.
Objectives
• Characterise and quantify microplastic uptake, accumulation and excretion at the cell, fluid,
tissue and organism levels.
• Determine acute and a broad range of sublethal ecotoxicological effects and modes of action
of microplastic exposure on key marine species.
• Quantify the adsorption of toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals to
microplastics and the desorption of plastic additive compounds.
• Assess the role of POP and metal adsorption/desorption on MP ecotoxicity.
• Follow the trophic transfer and accumulation of microplastics in the marine food web and
identify subsequent potential for impacts.
Objectives
• Characterise and quantify microplastic uptake, accumulation and excretion at the cell, fluid,
tissue and organism levels.
• Determine acute and a broad range of sublethal ecotoxicological effects and modes of action
of microplastic exposure on key marine species.
• Quantify the adsorption of toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals to
microplastics and the desorption of plastic additive compounds.
• Assess the role of POP and metal adsorption/desorption on MP ecotoxicity.
• Follow the trophic transfer and accumulation of microplastics in the marine food web and
identify subsequent potential for impacts.
• Use current knowledge from nanoparticle ecotoxicity research to influence experimental
design and to evaluate data generated.
Introduction/Overview
12
Materials and Chemistry
Project plan
13
MICROPLASTICS
POP
ADSORPTION
ADDITIVE
DESORPTION
UPTAKE &
EXCRETIONECOTOXICITY
TROPHIC
TRANSFER
Materials and Chemistry
Project organization
14
Materials and Chemistry
Dissemination and Communication
15
“Marine debris, plastics
and microplastics”
“Marine Litter -
Europe’s answers to
a global challenge”
Materials and Chemistry
* Material melts and blocks the sieve (< 200 µm)
• Requires additional method development
Selection and generation of test materials
Marine-derived MPs generated by cryogenic milling (CARAT)
Sieve size Grinding Mass
1500 µm + > 100 gram
1000 µm + > 100 gram
250 µm +/- < 50 gram
200 µm +/- < 50 gram
120 µm* - < 5 gram
80 µm* - No results
Materials and Chemistry
OrganisationCountry
AffiliationRepresentative
Representative
PositionOther Affiliations
EU Marine Strategy
Framework Directive
Technical Group on Marine
Littering (MSFD TG ML)
EU/Germany Stefanie WernerCo-chair of the
EU TG ML
German Federal Environment Agency
(Umweltbundesamt) - Scientific officer
for the protection of the marine
environment
Swedish Environmental
Protection AgencySweden Linda Linderholm Scientific Adviser
Dutch Ministry for
Infrastructure and
Environment
Netherlands Lex Oosterbaan
Senior Advisor
Rijkswaterstaat
Sea & Delta
Member MSFD Technical Group
Marine Litter.
Co-lead OSPAR ICG Marine Litter.
Chairman OSPAR EIHA Committee.
IFREMER France Jacek TronczynskiSenior Research
Scientist MSFD.
Department of the
Environment, Community &
Local Government
Ireland Richard Cronin
Technical Policy
Adviser in the
Marine Unit
OSPAR ICG Marine Litter
EU TWG Marine Litter
Advisory Board
17
Materials and Chemistry
Advisory Board
18
• Participate in decision making at the start and throughout the
project.
• Help to guide decision making when milestones are reached and
ensuring project progress.
• Will have direct access to knowledge generated in the project which
can be used for legislative and regulative purposes.
Materials and Chemistry 19
Thanks to my partners in plastic!
Amy Lusher Chelsea Rochman
Materials and Chemistry
Team PLASTOX @ the KO Meeting in Hamburg
Thank you for
your attention!