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MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING Desertification Synthesis

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Page 1: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT

ECOSYSTEMS ANDHUMAN WELL-BEING

Desertification Synthesis

Page 2: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

Harold A. Mooney ( )

Angela Cropper (

)

Doris Capistrano

Stephen R. Carpenter

Kanchan Chopra

Partha Dasgupta

Rashid Hassan Pretoria

Rik Leemans Wageningen

Robert M. May

Prabhu Pingali

Cristián Samper

Robert Scholes

Robert T. Watson ( )

A.H. Zakri ( )

José Sarukhán

Anne Whyte Mestor

Walter V. Reid

MA

Robert Watson

A.H. Zakri

Salvatore Arico

Peter Bridgewater

Hama Arba Diallo

Adel El-Beltagy

Max Finlayson

Colin Galbraith

Erica Harms

Robert Hepworth

Olav Kjørven

Kerstin Leitner

Alfred Oteng-Yeboah

Christian Prip

Mario Ramos

Thomas Rosswall

Achim Steiner

Halldor Thorgeirsson

Klaus Töpfer

Jeff Tschirley

Riccardo Valentini

Hamdallah Zedan

Fernando Almeida

Phoebe Barnard

Gordana Beltram

Delmar Blasco

Antony Burgmans

Esther CamacAsociación Ixä Ca

Vaá de Desarrollo InformaciónIndigena

Angela Cropper

Partha Dasgupta

José María FigueresFoundación Costa

R i c a p a r a e l D e s s a r o l l oSostenible

Fred Fortier

Mohamed H.A. Hassan( )

Jonathan Lash

Wangari Maathai

Paul MaroDar es Salaam

Harold Mooney

Marina Motovilova

M.K. PrasadK e r a l a S a s t r a S a h i t y a

Parishad

Walter V. Reid

Henry Schacht

Peter Johan ScheiFridtjof Nansen

Ismail Serageldin

David Suzuki

M.S. SwaminathanMS Swaminathan

José GalíziaTundisi

Axel WenbladSkanska AB

Muhammad Yunus

Grameen

Page 3: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

Zafar Adeel, Uriel Safriel, David Niemeijer Robin White

Grégoire de Kalbermatten, Michael Glantz, Boshra Salem, Bob Scholes, Maryam Niamir-Fuller,Simeon Ehui Valentine Yapi-Gnaore

José Sarukhán Anne Whyte ( ) MA

Page 4: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: DesertificationSynthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.

© 2005

10 G Street NE, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20002

Ecosystems and human well-being : deserti?cation synthesis : a report of the millennium ecosystemassessment / core writing team, Zafar Adeel ... [et al.]. p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 1-56973-590-5 (alk. paper)

1. Sustainable development. 2. Desertif1cation. I. Adeel, Zafar. HC79.E5E297 2005 333.73’6—dc222005015614

Dever Desi gns

Page 5: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MA

2001 6 5

4

95 1360 MA

2005

MA

MA 1

"

" 21 2

3

MA

MA

MA

MA

MA MA

" " MA

MA

MA

20

Page 6: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

MA

MA

MA BEC

2006 6

MA

MA

MA

MA

MA

MA Christine Jalleh

2005 10 14

Page 7: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

i

1 4

4

7

2 ? 8

8

8

9

3 ? 10

10

10

11

4 ? 12

12

MA 13

14

5 ? 15

15

15

17

6 ? 18

7 ? 20

20

21

Page 8: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

1

MA 4

41% 202000 1/3

MA

A

1% 6%

Sahel

(Horn) 30

Page 9: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

2

Page 10: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

3

4

8

10

12

15

18

20

Page 11: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

4

C22.5

1.1

C2222.7 SAfMA MA )

Page 12: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

5

1.1

CF2, SAfMAC22.4.1

(C22.4.1)

MA

Page 13: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

6

MA

MA

44 %

1.2

245

9 33

(C26.1.2., C27)

(C22.2)

(C22.3.1)

1900 1950

15% 50

(C22.ES, R6.2.2, C12.2.4)

19

(C22.4.1, R6.3.7)

Page 14: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

7

(C22.4.1)

7 1991

Global Assessmento f S o i l D e g r a d a t i o n GLASOD

20%

20 90

70%

2003

10%

1991 2003

10% 20%

600 1200 km2

(C22.3.1, C22.4.1)

9 0 %

MA

54/100023%

11 2.1

Page 15: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

8

MA

C22.ES C22.6

20 90 18.5% MA

C22.6.2 C6.6

C22.6

C22.5.2 C14 14.4 C12.2.4 R11.3.2R11.1.3

C22.ES C22.1.3 C22.6.1 C22.6.2

Page 16: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

9

1.1

4 MA

C22.3.1

C22.6.4

65%

R6.2.2 C22.3.2

C22.3.2 R17.3

C22.3.2

Page 17: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

10

20023000

6

C8.ES C8.4.1

5 C22.5.1

C20.ES

C22.3.3 C22.4.2 C22.5.1

Page 18: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

11

MA

S6 S2

MA

MA 4 4

4 2050

Page 19: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

12

205021

4

S8 8.5 S9

4

4S9 S8 8.5 4.1.

S8 8.5S14.4.4

S.SDM

MA

Page 20: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

13

S14.ES S14.4.3

30

S.SDM C20.6C7.3.4

10 20

3 1300m

2000m C7.ESC24.ES C22.ES

MA 4

S14.4.3

Page 21: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

14

S14.4.2 C6.6

C22.3.2 C22.6 R17

90%

C22.ES

C22.3.1

C22.2.3 C22.4.3 C22.4.4 R6.2.2R6.3.7

Page 22: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

15

C22.2.3 C22.2.2 C13 13.1

C22.2.6 R6.3.7

R.SDM R17.2.4 R14.ES

C22.ESC22.6.4 R6.2.2 R17.3 R2.4.3

Page 23: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

16

C22.4.4

201052% 2030 60%

C22.5.2 C27.2.3

C2.2.3 CF.SDM

20 70 80

C22.3.2 R2.4.3

Machakos

20 30

20 40 70 10020 50 70

C5.ES C5 5.1 C22.3.2

Page 24: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

17

CO2

Page 25: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

18

C22.2.5 C4.1 6.1.

1/4

3 t4% C22.5.3 C12.2.4

C22.5.3

R13.2 R15.3.3

Page 26: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

19

33 1990

/ GLASOD 1992Dregne Chou 2003Lepers

C22.4.1 3

GLASODDregne Chou

Lepers

62%

3

C22.4.1

S7.3.3

7.1

C2.2.1

7.1

Page 27: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

20

20 70 80 C5 5.1 C22.6.4

C13.6.1

C13 13.1

C5 5.1

C13.4.3

C22 22.2 C13.3.2 C19.2.3

Page 28: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

21

C2.ES

MA

5

C22.6.1

C22.6

7.1 4

C22.4.4

Page 29: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

22

Page 30: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

23

1 AI

http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/ 147 573 196.6km2

2000

Page 31: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

24

GLASODGNPMAMDGNAPNGOOECDUNCCD

Page 32: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

25

CF CWG SWG RWG SGWG

ES

CF.1

CF.2

CF.3

CF.4

CF.5

CF.6

CF.7

CF.8

SDM

C.01 MA

C.02

C.03

7

C.04

C.05

C.06

C.07

C.08

C.09

C.10

C.11

C.12

C.13

C.14

C.15

C.16

C.17

C.18

C.19

C.20

C.21

C.22

C.23

C.24

C.25

C.26

C.27

C.28

SDM

S.01 MA

S.02

S.03

S.04

S.05

S.06 MA

S.07

S.08 4

S.09 4

S.10 4

S.11 4

S.12

S.13

S.14

SDM

R.01 MA

R.02

R.03

R.04

R.05

R.06

R.07

R.08

R.09

Page 33: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

26

R.10

R.11

R.12

R.13

R.14

R.15

R.16

R.17

R.18

R.19

SDM

SG.01 MA

SG.02 MA

SG.03

SG.04

SG.05

SG.06

SG.07

SG.08

SG.09

SG.10

SG.11

SG.12

Page 34: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry

( 2002 )

( 2004 )

UNEP/GRID-Arendal Emmanuelle Bournay Philippe Rekacewicz

UNEP/GRID-Arendal

1 VOLTCHEV-UNEP / Still Pictures2 UNEP / Still Pictures3 T. BALABAADKAN / UNEP / Still Pictures4 LONG-UNEP / Still Pictures

Page 35: ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING · Max Finlayson Colin Galbraith Erica Harms Robert Hepworth Olav Kjørven Kerstin Leitner ... Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad Walter V. Reid Henry