ecosar science igarss11 presentation.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
GSFC ScienceTemilola Fatoyinbo
Jon RansonGuoqing Sun
GSFC EngineeringRafael Rincon
Manohar DeshpandeMartin Perrine
Quenton BondsMatthew Mclinden
External PartnersRichard Hale (University of Kansas)
Intelligence Automation Inc.
ECOSARTHE FIRST P- BAND DIGITAL BEAMFORMING POLARIMETRIC INTERFEROMETRIC SAR
INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE, BIOMASS, AND SURFACE WATER
ESTO-IIP 2011-2014
ECOSAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
P-band Digital Beamforming Polarimetric Interferometric SAR:• Dual Antennas with 25 m baseline • Center frequency of 435 MHz (69 cm wavelength) • Range resolution (8 m – 44 m) • High resolution science mode (1.3 m)• Polarization HH, VV, HV, VH• Digital Beamforming
EcoSAR will fly on the NASA P3 airplane based at Wallops Flight Facility
MAIN SCIENCE OBJECTIVES
EcoSAR instrument will quantify:• Biomass (up to 200 Mg/ha from Polarimetric SAR)• Canopy and Surface Height ( 1m accuracy from PolInSAR)• Ecosystem structure and extent (range resolution of 1.3 m)• Disturbance and recovery
SCIENCE OBJECTIVES
• These measurements are crucial for future SAR mission validation (DesdynI, BIOMASS, Tandem-L)
• Improved Carbon and forest structure estimates will support international C reduction initiatives (REDD+)
• How are the Earth's carbon cycle and ecosystems changing, and what are the consequences for the Earth's carbon budget, ecosystem sustainability, and biodiversity?
WHY P-BAND
• Longer wavelengths (L- and P- band) are able to penetrate the canopy and are scattered by larger components, such as the trunk and the ground and thereby increase the returned signal.
P-Band (HH,HV,VV)Dark areas in this image are recent disturbance from logging.
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Fiel
d S
tem
Bio
mas
s (to
ns/h
a)SAR Predicted Stem Biomass
P-band AlgorithmR=0.954
Saatchi & Moghaddam 2000
P-Band (HH,HV,VV) L-Band (HH,HV,VV) C-Band (HH,HV,VV)
P-Band Estimated Forest Stem Biomass vs Field measurements in Boreal Forests (R2 = 0.9)
Saatchi & Moghaddam, 2000P-Band SAR Measures Boreal & temperate Forest Biomass up to 200 Mg/ha with ±10% Accuracy
P-Band Measurements of Boreal & Temperate Forest Biomass
(HH, HV, VV)
AirSAR P-Band SAR Measurement of Tropical Forest Disturbance and Aboveground Biomass
AirSAR P-band Image (1993) Manu National Park, Peru
HH
HV
Pol-InSAR height measurements: • Polarization is sensitive to scattering
mechanisms with different interferometricscattering phase centers
• EcoSAR will allow us to separate ground signal from canopy signal and derive canopy height.
HV scattering phase center
HH scattering phase center
Height (m)
Example of SAR and InSARusing DBSAR (L-band) measurements
EcoSAR Concept
EcoSAR + DBSAR
Schedule and MilestonesYear 1
Definition of the EcoSAR science and system and requirements
Antenna Arrays Design and fabrication
Radar Electronics Unit Design and fabrication
Year 2
Completion of Waveform generator/data system
Testing and programming of waveform generator/data system
Radar Electronics evaluation, testing and initial assembly.
Full system integration and testing in laboratory and in anechoic chamber.
Year 3
Installation and test flight operation of the system on the NASA P-3 aircraft
Validation of EcoSAR test flight data sets
Field Campaign 1 New Hampshire and Maine
Field Campaign 2 Costa Rica
Science Retrievals from EcoSAR campaigns
FIELD CAMPAIGNS
New England Summer 2013 Costa Rica Winter 2014
+ Wallops & SERC
CURRENT STATUS
• Successfully completed the design of prototype dual polarized wideband P-band antenna element.
• Simulations of Full array performance is underway.
• Preliminary Aerodynamic analysis on antenna structure has been performed.
• Several radar transceiver designs have been formulated and evaluated. Components specifications and availability are being investigated.
• Waiting for contract to IAI to begin processor development.