economics of growing mungbean after rice in the rainfed lowlands of cambodia. sareth chea
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A presentation at the WCCA 2011 event in Brisbane.TRANSCRIPT
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Economics of growing mungbean after rice in the rainfed lowlands of
Cambodia
Chea Sareth, Rob Cramb and Shu FukaiSchool of Agricultural and Food Sciences
CARDI
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Constraints• Rainfed lowland - 84% of rice land• Single rice crop• Subsistence level of rice production• Erratic rainfall, low soil fertility, insect pests • Large families but 0.5 ha of paddy land• Risk of below subsistence
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Potential for second crop
• IR66 in early wet season (EWS) is profitable– Requires high supplementary irrigation
• EWS mungbean with no supplementary irrigation has problem
• Non-rice crops following wet season rice– ACIAR project identify mungbean to be most
suitable – Different methods of irrigation – manual, gravity
and pump
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Objectives• Project
– To develop profitable double-cropping options for rice/non-rice crops
– To define the water requirements for non-rice crops and predict level of risk
• Paper– To conduct economic analysis of mungbean
cultivation following rice– To examine net returns with 3 irrigation
methods
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Methodology• Mungbean cultivation
– Paddy fields with typically sandy soils of low fertility from January to April
– Raised bed condition – a broadbed formation– Two levels of irrigation and three irrigation methods
• Economic measures – Yield and gross incomes (cash)– Outlay of cash for inputs– Family labour input– Net cash return per unit of family labour (NCRL)
NCRL =No. labour-days
Gross income – Cash expense
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Agronomic range of irrigation
Water level (mm)
Yie
ld (
kg/h
a)
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Yields response to irrigation
477
689
400
500
600
700
800
0.9ML 1.3ML
Irrigation levels
Yie
ld (
kg/h
a)
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Inputs requirement for irrigation
195
282
5 80
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.9ML 1.3ML
Irrigation levels
La
bo
ur-
da
y
Manual
Gravity
50
72
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
0.9ML 1.3ML
Irrigation levels
Pu
mp
ing
ho
urs
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Total labour inputs
136 149 136 149 136 149
195
282
5 8 0 0
-
100
200
300
400
500
0.9ML 1.3ML 0.9ML 1.3ML 0.9ML 1.3ML
Manual Gravity Pumping
Lab
ou
r-d
ays
Irrigation
Other acitivities
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Costs and returns
Irrigation level
(ML/ha)
Gross income
(USD/ha)
Cash costs (USD/ha)
Net cash returns (USD/ha)
M/G P M/G P
0.9 716 179 213 536 503
1.3 1,034 179 227 854 806M: manual watering; G: gravity-fed; P: pumping
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Net cash returns to labour(grain price: USD 1.5/kg)
1.61.9
3.6
5.3
3.7
5.3
-
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
0.9ML 1.3ML
Irrigation levels
NC
RL
(U
SD
/day
)
Manual
Pumping
Gravity
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Net cash returns to labour(grain price: USD 2.0/kg)
2.32.7
5.3
7.6
5.4
7.5
-
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0.9ML 1.3ML
Irrigation levels
NC
RL
(U
SD
/day
)
Manual
Pumping
Gravity
• Rural wage: USD 2/day• Minimum wage: USD 1.25/day• Industrial wage: USD 1.7-2.8/day
Benchmark
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Conclusion• Economic potential if agronomic issues
resolved• Access to supplementary irrigation at
between 0.9 and 1.3 ML/ha• Manual irrigation gives low returns (NCRL)• Pumping or gravity methods give a
reasonable return • Improving returns
– increasing effective demand – improved access to fertiliser and credit – electrification
• Irrigation and labour limit production
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Acknowledgement• Australian Centre for International
Agricultural Research• The University of Queensland