1. Standard 9 Economics Textbook: A Comparison of the Karnataka and NCERT books by Vibha, IT for Change

2. Overview of key concepts: Karnataka Structural transformation of the economy from agriculture-based to industry-based Sources of income [circular flow of income] Sources of employment [agriculture, industry and services] Static vs. dynamic economy 3. Overview of key concepts: NCERT Factors of production Land: farming-sustainable cultivation-Green Revolutionland allocation Labour: challenges faced by daily wage labourers-impact of mechanization of farming-minimum wages Capital: sources of finance for small and big farmers Non-farming activites: dairy-small scale of manufacturing-shopkeepers-transport 4. Why do we study these concepts? Karnataka: Idea that the economy constantly changes Interdependence is inherent in economies among households, businesses and government Interdependence is necessary to earn income and for employment 5. Why do we study these concepts? NCERT: Land, labour and capital are needed to produce goods and services Importance of sustainable cultivation of land [multiple cropping, limited use of chemical fertilizers] Inequalities have arisen because of land allocation policies Challenges faced by small farmers, daily wage labourers Importance of non-farming activities and some challenges faced by these activities 6. Expected Learning Outcomes: Karnataka Economic structure constantly changes Households and businesses interact with each other to earn income and gain employment Households supply land, labour and capital to businesses in return for rent, wages and interest Businesses use land, labour and capital to produce goods and services purchased by households The role of the government is to regulate this interaction 7. Expected Learning Outcomes: NCERT Components of a simple village economy Features of land, labour, and capital as factors of production Supply of land is fixed, so sustainable farming is important Green Revolution increased productivity of agriculture but not equally across crops Introduction to reasons for income inequalities among farmers 8. Expected Learning Outcomes: NCERT Challenges faced by daily wage labourers: mechanization of farming, seasonal employment, minimum wages not upheld --> poverty Challenges faced by small farmers in obtaining capital Type, extent and challenges of nonagricultural activities 9. Connecting to the local Karnataka: Use a local example to illustrate the flow of income NCERT Use example of a village in Karnataka Discuss minimum wages, land policy and sources of capital for farmers in Karnataka Discuss non-farming activities in Karnataka 10. Comparative Analysis Pros of Karnataka: Sets context for discussion and gives bigger pictureExplicitly discusses the theme of interdependence Cons of Karnataka:Does not go in-depth about any concept Lacks exercises to encourage students to think beyond the information in the book Lacks examples and cases to illustrate concepts 11. Comparative Analysis Pros of NCERT: Concepts are made easily digestible with extensive use of examples Thorough discussion of concepts Several exercises that are good leeways to discuss current economic issues Easily customizable to the local context 12. Comparative Analysis Cons of NCERT: Does not explicitly give the 'bigger picture'Does not set historical context