economic underpinning of renaissance italian art
TRANSCRIPT
University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well
University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well
Undergraduate Research Symposium 2014 Undergraduate Research Symposium
4-2014
Economic Underpinning of Renaissance Italian Art Economic Underpinning of Renaissance Italian Art
Katherine Jacobson University of Minnesota - Morris
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/urs_2014
Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons, and the
Economic History Commons
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Jacobson, Katherine, "Economic Underpinning of Renaissance Italian Art" (2014). Undergraduate Research Symposium 2014. 3. https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/urs_2014/3
This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research Symposium at University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Research Symposium 2014 by an authorized administrator of University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. For more information, please contact [email protected].
Katie Jacobson
Undergraduate Research Symposium
April 12, 2014
1
2
Aby Warburg, 1902
3 Quoted in: Reiss, 2013.
Main Question
Historical Context
Demand and Competition
Patronage Main players
Principal-Agent Relationship
Status signaling
Summation
http://img3.rnkr-static.com/list_img/1721/301721/full/famous-italian-renaissance-artists-u2.jpg
Da Vinci, 1512 Self Portrait
4
How was the relationship between wealth and artistic talent developed through Renaissance Italian patronage, and how is this evident today?
5
Study emphasizing kinship bonds, self-fashioning, the communication of social status, …network[ing], and the promotion of individual, family, and collective agendas
6 Reiss, 2013
Renaissance: 14th-17th century
Measurements of wealth Bank value vs. Public
display
Magnificenza
“Gift culture” Symbolic value of luxury
display Dowries
http://www.walksofitaly.com/tour_bookings/tour_all_listing/2/104
Uffizi Museum Florence, Italy
7 Cited in: Golthwaite, 1993
Largest concentration of urban populations in Europe Politically
fragmented
Urban, regional economies
8
http://www.ilibrarian.net/history/italian_city_states_1494_lg.jpg
Cited in: Goldthwaite, 1993; Kent, 1987
9
The Church Foreign policy: symbols
Community - advertising
Material requirements
“…people transformed individual needs into corporate demand.”
Vatican City http://foundwalls.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Vatican-City-Rome-Italy-Europe.jpg
10 Cited in: Goldthwaite, 1993
11
Governments, Professional groups, Individuals, Families
Political ambition Power
Responsibility
Social position
Prestige
12 Cited in: Goldthwaite, 152
https://www.google.com/search?q=increase+demand+graph&espv=210&es_sm=91&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=30HrUvuZNMmwyQGq4ICwAQ&ved=0CCYQsAQ&biw=1215&bih=551#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=YLjtaGmVi35uOM%253A%3B4IcjEMgOoxapjM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.raybromley.com%252Fnotes%252Fnoteimages%252Fequilibrium%252Fincrdemandeq.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.raybromley.com%252Fnotes%252Fequilchange.html%3B415%3B318
13
(Patrons)
(Artists)
(Patrons)
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Italian%20Images/images/Firenze/Firenze_Skylines/900/Florence-Duomo-Nov07-RAW4827AR900.jpg
14
Collective groups Governmental:
“[t0 provide] focal points for public spaces & proclaim the communes’ beneficence towards their citizens”
Rialto Bridge, Venice, Italy, 1588
Summer, 2013 15 Quoted in: Reiss, 2013
Confraternities Buildings to meet and worship
Décor
Families & Individuals Wealthy bankers, merchants
Celebrated, of noble houses
Secular rulers of various Italian courts
Renaissance popes, cardinals
16
Cosimo de Medici: “…responsible for making it trendy to invest in the arts.”
Commissioned: Donatello
Michelangelo
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Cosimo_di_Medici_(Bronzino).jpg
17 Quoted in: Widden, 2010
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Italian%20Images/images/Firenze/Firenze_Skylines/900/Florence-Duomo-Nov07-RAW4827AR900.jpg
18
1) Contemporary
2) Future “Conspicuous consumption that lasts through many
generations”
3) Heavenly “…patrons wanted God and the saints to see their
devotion, and hoped that their commissions would help them reduce their time in Purgatory…”
19
Why demand increased in this time period -> world now values art -> art produced by patronage system -> who were patrons; motivations -> who were artists; motivations -> keeping in check (P-A)
Quoted in: Nelson, Zeckhauser, 2008
“The frequent and prominent displays of personal emblems indicate that patrons had a second audience in mind, namely viewers here on earth…”
http://www.wikipaintings.org/pt/lorenzo-lotto/virgin-and-child-with-two-donors
Lorenzo Lotto, Florence, 1525-1530 Madonna and Child with Two Donors
20 Quoted in: Nelson, Zeckhauser, 2008
“All the [commissioned works] have given and give me the greatest satisfaction and pleasure, because in part they serve the honor of God, as well as the honor of the city and the commemoration of myself.” Giovanni Rucellai, Memoir, 1473
21 Quoted in: Bohn, Saslow, 2014
http://www.museumsinflorence.com/foto/santa%20maria%20novella/image/facciata.jpg
Basilica di Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy, 1456
22
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Perspectives/Italian%20Images/images/Firenze/Santa%20Maria%20Novella/800/Top-Facade-Jul05-D1147sAR80.jpg 23
Patrons commission art, go find artists Know that when employing people to work for us, can have this P-A problem Define problem
In order to achieve this -> not artist declaring this but patron
CEO Controls: Medium
Budget
Timing of ad campaign
Payroll
Together Discuss: Target audience
General message
Qualities to be signaled
Patron = Principal = CEO
Artist = Agent = Advertising Agency
24 Cited: Nelson, Zeckhauser, 2008
Principal-Agent Problem Separating ownership
and control of a firm allows one party to act in own interest rather than interest of firm.
http://girlfriendinacoma.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Journey-cartoon-.jpg 25
Had to overcome this problem. Talked about principal motivations (patron), but artists have to have their own motivations
Cited: Mishkin, 2013
Employment Court artist regular salaries
Grow and maintain honor, status networking
Incentive-based system
26 Cited: Nelson, Zeckhauser, 2008; Reiss, 2013
“…[R]eputation plays a major role in guaranteeing quality output from hard-to-monitor agents”
“…discouraged artists from skimping on effort, and from turning out work of low or unacceptable quality.”
http://www.raybromley.com/notes/noteimages/equilibrium/incrdemsup3.jpg 27
Alignment between P & A -> increase demand -> increase supply -> more output!! Flowering in art
(Artists)
(Artists)
(Patrons)
(Patrons)
28
Econ conclusion: increase demand (see graph) - Socioeconomic change,
increase demand, competition - Commissioning, patronage,
artist/patron interests aligned
29
Bart Finzel
Stacey Aronson
LeAnn Dean
Dr. Stephen Wharton, Richmond University, London
Family & Friends
30
Case, Karl E.; Fair, Ray C.; Oster, Sharon M. Principles of Macroeconomics. 10th. Boston: Pearson, 2012. Print.
Gilbert, Creighton E. "What Did the Renaissance Patron Buy?." Renaissance Quarterly. 51.2 (1998): 392-450. Print.
Goldthwaite, Richard A. Wealth and the Demand for Art in Italy: 1300-1600. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. Print.
Jenkins, A. D. Fraser. "Cosimo De' Medici's Patronage of Architecture and the Theory of Magnificence."Journal of Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 33. (1970): 162-170. Print.
Kent, Dale. Cosimo De' Medici and the Florentine Renaissance. Singapore: Yale University Press, 2000. Print.
Kent, F.W.; Simons, Patricia. Patronage, Art, and Society in Renaissance Italy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Print.
Lindermann, Berd. "Masterpieces of Dutch and Flemish Painting: The Historical Context." Rembrandt to Vermeer: Civil Values in 17th Century Flemish and Dutch Painting. (2008): n. page. Print.
31
Looper, Matthew G. "Political Messages in the Medici Palace Garden." Journal of Garden History. 12.4 (1992): 255-268. Print.
Mankiw, N. Gregory. Principles of Microeconomics. 5th. Mason: South-Western, 2009. Print.
"Medici Patronage: Magnificence and Splendor." n. page. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. <http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Arth213/Medici_patronage.html>.
Mishkin, Frederic S., and Frederic S. Mishkin. The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. 10th. New York: Pearson, 2013. Print.
Nelson,, Johnathan K.; Zeckhauser, Richard J. The Patron's Payoff: Conspicuous Commissions in Italian Renaissance Art. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. Print.
Padgett, John F.; McLean, Paul D. "Economic Credit in Renaissance Florence." Journal of Modern History. 83.1 (2011): 1-47. Print.
Reiss, Sheryl E. "A Taxonomy of Art Patronage in Renaissance Italy." Companion to Renaissance and Baroque Art. (2013): n. page. Print.
"The Patron's Payoff: Conspicuous Commissions in Italian Renaissance Art." Journal of Economic Literature. XLVII.3 (2009): 859-860. Print. 32