economic growth & indian removal - mrs. boyett's classroom...analyze the events that led to...

Economic Growth & Indian Removal

© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

SS8H5cd

Standards

SS8H5 The student will explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840. c. Explain how technological developments, including the cotton gin and railroads, had an impact on Georgia’s growth. d. Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees; include the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.


Teacher Info – Who’s & What’s

• Print off the Who’s & What’s handout for each student.

(Print front and back to save paper.)

• BEFORE the lesson, have students fill in the squares with

what they think each term means.

• AFTER the presentation, the students will write down new

(factual) information about each term.

• Check the answers as a class.© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s Wh

o’s &

Wha

t’sD

ire

ctio

ns: B

EF

OR

E th

e le

sson, w

rite w

hat y

ou th

ink

each te

rm

means. A

FT

ER

the

pre

senta

tion, y

ou w

ill write

dow

n n

ew

info

rmatio

n a

bout e

ach te

rm

.

Co

tton

Gin

Railro

ad

s

Cre

ek

sC

hero

kee

Ale

xan

de

r Mc

Gilliv

ray

What I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

What I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

What I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

Who I th

ink th

is is

:

Defin

ition:

What I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

Willia

m M

cInto

shW

ho I th

ink th

is is

:

Defin

ition:

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s Wh

o’s &

Wha

t’s

Seq

uo

ya

hJo

hn Ro

ss

Da

hlone

ga

Go

ld Ru

shW

orc

heste

r V. G

eo

rgia

An

dre

w Ja

ck

son

What I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

What I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

What I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

Who I th

ink th

is is

:

Defin

ition:

What I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

John

Ma

rshall

Who I th

ink th

is is

:

Defin

ition:

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s Wh

o’s &

Wha

t’s

Trail o

f Tea

rsW

hat I th

ink th

is m

eans:

Defin

ition:

Teacher Directions – CLOZE Notes

• The next pages are handouts for the students to use for note-taking during the presentation. (Print front to back to save paper and ink.)

• Check the answers as a class after the presentation.

• *Please note – the slides in this presentation are content-heavy. Feel free to open the editable file if you’d like to delete anything. I’ve found that it’s better to have too much than not enough!


Co

tton G

in•

Durin

g th

e 18

00s, G

eorg

ia’s

econom

y re

lied h

eavily

on im

porta

nt

cash c

rops: _

______________________________________ , a

nd c

otto

n.

•C

otto

n b

ecam

e th

e _

______________________________________ d

ue

to th

e in

ventio

n o

f the _

______________________________________ b

y

Eli W

hitn

ey in

1793.

•T

he c

otto

n g

in in

volv

ed a

syste

m o

f rolle

rs, te

eth

, and b

rushes th

at

separa

ted s

eeds fro

m c

otto

n

_______________________________________ .

•It in

cre

ased th

e ra

te a

t whic

h c

otto

n c

ould

be

_______________________________________ .

•T

he c

otto

n g

in a

lso in

cre

ased th

e

_______________________________________ b

ecause p

lanta

tion

ow

ners

needed s

laves to

harv

est a

ll of th

e c

otto

n.

•S

oon, G

eorg

ia b

ecam

e o

ne o

f the

_______________________________________ in

the w

orld

.

Co

tton P

ro

ductio

n•

In th

e 18

00s, b

usin

essm

en e

sta

blis

hed a

num

ber o

f _______________________________________ in

Georg

ia.

•M

achin

es in

the m

ills c

ould

_______________________________________ in

expensiv

ely

, and th

e

dem

and fo

r cotto

n w

as h

igh.

•T

he d

evelo

pm

ent o

f the c

otto

n in

dustry

led to

an im

porta

nt n

eed: a

w

ay fo

r cotto

n to

be tra

nsporte

d m

ore

____________________________________________ .

Railro

ads

•G

eorg

ia’s

econom

ic g

row

th re

lied h

eavily

on th

e

_______________________________________ .

•T

he G

enera

l Assem

bly

charte

red

_______________________________________ : T

he G

eorg

ia R

ailro

ad

Co. (a

n A

thens-A

ugusta

line), th

e C

entra

l of G

eorg

ia R

ailro

ad C

o. (a

S

avannah-M

acon lin

e), a

nd th

e M

onro

e R

ailro

ad C

o. (a

Macon-F

ors

yth

lin

e).

•B

y 18

60, th

ere

were

more

than

_______________________________________ o

f railro

ads in

Geo

rgia

.•

The W

este

rn a

nd A

tlantic

rail lin

e fro

m C

hatta

nooga e

nded in

a to

wn

calle

d _

______________________________________ .

•T

wo o

ther ra

ilroads e

ventu

ally

converg

ed th

ere

and g

ave ris

e to

the

new

, bustlin

g to

wn th

at s

erv

ed a

s a

___________________________________________________________ .

•T

he n

am

e T

erm

inus w

as c

hanged to

Marth

asville

in 18

43 , a

nd th

en

_______________________________________ .

•W

ithin

15 y

ears

, Atla

nta

was th

e

_______________________________________ in

the S

outh

.

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

Lo

sin

g S

ide

•D

urin

g th

e R

evolu

tionary

War, m

any N

ativ

e A

meric

ans in

Georg

ia

fought a

s _

______________________________________ .

•T

he B

ritish _

______________________________________ ta

ken b

y

white

settle

rs o

nce B

ritain

won th

e w

ar.

•O

nce th

e w

ar w

as o

ver, G

eorg

ians d

esire

d to

_______________________________________ o

f more

and m

ore

of

their la

nd

.

Mc

Gilliv

ray

•T

he C

reeks w

ere

pro

min

ent in

south

ern

and w

este

rn G

eorg

ia a

nd

did

not w

ant to

_______________________________________ .

•C

hie

f _______________________________________ , s

on o

f a S

cottis

h

trader a

nd h

alf-F

rench, h

alf-C

reek m

oth

er, le

d th

e C

reeks in

_______________________________________ .

•D

urin

g th

e R

evolu

tionary

War, h

e le

d

_______________________________________ in

Georg

ia a

nd

Tennessee

.•

In 17

90, _

______________________________________ m

et w

ith C

hie

f M

cG

illivra

y in

hopes o

f peacefu

lly s

ettlin

g d

ispute

s b

etw

een C

reeks

and w

hite

Georg

ians.

•T

hey s

igned th

e _

______________________________________ , in

w

hic

h th

e C

reeks g

ave u

p s

om

e o

f their la

nd in

exchange fo

r a

pro

mis

e th

at s

ettle

rs w

ould

_______________________________________ b

eyond a

certa

in p

oin

t.•

It did

n’t ta

ke lo

ng fo

r the g

overn

ment to

_______________________________________ …

Mc

Into

sh

•In

182

3, G

overn

or G

eorg

e T

roup p

ressure

d th

e fe

dera

l govern

ment

to _

______________________________________ fro

m th

eir re

main

ing

land.

•T

hey n

egotia

ted w

ith T

roup’s

first c

ousin

, _______________________________________ , w

ho w

as th

e s

on o

f a

Scottis

h o

fficer a

nd a

Cre

ek w

om

an.

•M

cIn

tosh s

igned th

e T

reaty

of In

dia

n S

prin

gs in

182

5, w

hic

h

_______________________________________

to th

e s

tate

of G

eo

rgia

.

Re

locatio

n•

A w

ar p

arty

_______________________________________ to

death

and

took h

is s

calp

, and a

lso m

urd

ere

d s

evera

l oth

er le

aders

who s

igned

the tre

aty

.•

By 18

27, th

e C

ree

ks h

ad _

______________________________________

acro

ss th

e M

issis

sip

pi R

iver.

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

Che

rokee

•G

eorg

ia’s

oth

er m

ain

Nativ

e A

meric

an trib

e w

as th

e C

hero

kee (th

ey

lived m

ain

ly in

_______________________________________ a

nd

weste

rn N

orth

Caro

lina).

•T

he C

hero

kee

__________________________________________________ th

e m

ost.

•T

hey liv

ed in

houses, fa

rmed,

_______________________________________ , a

nd s

om

e o

wned

sla

ves.

•T

he c

reate

d a

n a

dvanced s

ocie

ty w

ith a

co

nstitu

tion a

nd a

n_______________________________________ .

Se

quoyah

•O

ne o

f the C

hero

kee

s’ m

ost fa

mous m

em

bers

was

_______________________ , a

lso k

now

n a

s G

eorg

e G

ist (h

is fa

ther

was a

Virg

inia

n a

nd h

is m

oth

er a

Chero

kee).

•H

e _

______________________________________ th

at e

nab

led th

e trib

e

to re

ad, w

rite, a

nd p

ub

lish its

ow

n n

ew

spaper, c

alle

d th

e C

hero

kee

P

hoenix

.•

The n

ew

spaper c

ontrib

ute

d to

the

______________________________________________________________

because it h

elp

ed trib

e m

em

bers

com

munic

ate

and s

hare

importa

nt

new

s.

Jo

hn R

oss

•In

1791, th

e U

.S. g

overn

ment s

igned a

treaty

guara

nte

ein

g th

at th

e

Chero

kee

natio

n c

ould

be in

dependent a

nd h

ave its

_______________________________________ .

•T

he g

overn

ment w

as m

odele

d a

fter th

e

_______________________________________ a

nd w

as le

d b

y

_______________________________________ .

•H

e w

as th

e s

on o

f a S

cottis

h fa

ther a

nd

_______________________________________ , p

art-S

cottis

h m

oth

er.

Go

ld R

ush

•In

182

9, s

ettle

rs

_____________________________________________________ in

north

G

eorg

ia.

•T

he D

ahlo

nega G

old

Rush w

as o

n a

nd

_______________________________________ flo

oded in

to n

orth

G

eorg

ia to

get ric

h.

•T

he s

ettle

rs p

ressure

d th

e C

hero

kee to

_______________________________________ , a

nd th

e G

enera

l A

ssem

bly

began p

assin

g la

ws

_______________________________________ to

both

the la

nd

and

gold

.

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

Wo

rceste

r v. G

A•

The G

enera

l Assem

bly

passed a

law

that s

aid

white

s c

ould

_______________________________________ a

nd th

ey c

ould

not liv

e in

C

hero

kee

territo

ry w

ithout

_______________________________________ o

f alle

gia

nce to

the

govern

or.

•In

1832

, a C

hris

tian m

issio

nary

nam

ed _

___________________________

refu

sed to

sw

ear th

e o

ath

because h

e fe

lt it was h

is d

uty

to

_______________________________________ .

•H

e w

as _

______________________________________ b

ut a

ppeale

d h

is

case a

ll the w

ay to

the S

upre

me C

ourt.

Jo

hn M

arshall

•In

1832

, under th

e le

aders

hip

of

_______________________________________ , th

e S

upre

me C

ourt

rule

d in

_______________________________________ in

Worc

este

r v.

Georg

ia.

•M

ars

hall s

aid

that G

eorg

ia m

ust s

et W

orc

este

r free b

ecause

Georg

ia la

ws w

ere

_______________________________________ .

And

rew

Jac

kson

•_______________________________________ w

as a

lso fru

stra

ted b

y

the d

ecis

ion a

nd c

hose to

_______________________________________ .

•W

hen G

eorg

ia re

fused to

rele

ase W

orc

este

r, Pre

sid

ent J

ackson

said

, “John M

ars

hall h

as m

ade h

is d

ecis

ion, n

ow

_______________________________________ .”

•H

e _

______________________________________ a

nd w

ante

d to

get th

e

Chero

kee

_______________________________________ .

Trail o

f Te

ars

•In

1835

, the U

.S. g

overn

ment fo

rced

the C

hero

kee

to s

ign a

treaty

_______________________________________

in G

eorg

ia.

•In

1838, th

e U

.S. A

rmy ro

unded

up

_______________________________________ a

nd fo

rced

them

on a

_______________________________________ to

India

n te

rritory

in

Okla

hom

a.

•M

ore

than

_____________________ m

en, w

om

en, a

nd c

hild

ren d

ied

fro

m d

isease, s

tarv

atio

n, a

nd e

xposure

to th

e c

old

weath

er.

•T

his

sad jo

urn

ey is

rem

em

bere

d a

s th

e

_____________________________ .

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

Co

tton G

in•

Durin

g th

e 18

00s, G

eorg

ia’s

econom

y re

lied h

eavily

on im

porta

nt

cash c

rops: ric

e, in

dig

o, to

bacco

, and c

otto

n.

•C

otto

n b

ecam

e th

e m

ain

cash c

rop d

ue to

the in

ventio

n o

f the c

otto

n

gin

by E

li Whitn

ey in

1793.

•T

he c

otto

n g

in in

volv

ed a

syste

m o

f rolle

rs, te

eth

, and b

rushes th

at

separa

ted s

eeds fro

m c

otto

n m

uch fa

ste

r than b

y h

and

.•

It incre

ased th

e ra

te a

t whic

h c

otto

n c

ould

be p

roduced a

nd s

old

.•

The c

otto

n g

in a

lso in

cre

ased th

e d

em

and fo

r sla

very

because

pla

nta

tion o

wners

needed s

laves to

harv

est a

ll of th

e c

otto

n.

•S

oon, G

eorg

ia b

ecam

e o

ne o

f the to

p c

otto

n p

roducers

in th

e w

orld

.

Co

tton P

ro

ductio

n•

In th

e 18

00s, b

usin

essm

en e

sta

blis

hed a

num

ber o

f textile

mills

in

Georg

ia.

•M

achin

es in

the m

ills c

ould

make c

otto

n in

to c

loth

inexpensiv

ely

, and

the d

em

and fo

r cotto

n w

as h

igh.

•T

he d

evelo

pm

ent o

f the c

otto

n in

dustry

led to

an im

porta

nt n

eed: a

w

ay fo

r cotto

n to

be tra

nsporte

d m

ore

easily

and e

fficie

ntly

to

Savannah.

Railro

ads

•G

eorg

ia’s

econom

ic g

row

th re

lied h

eavily

on th

e in

ventio

n o

f ra

ilroads.

•T

he G

enera

l Assem

bly

charte

red 3

rail lin

es in

1833: T

he G

eorg

ia

Railro

ad C

o. (a

n A

thens-A

ugusta

line), th

e C

entra

l of G

eorg

ia

Railro

ad C

o. (a

Savannah-M

acon lin

e), a

nd th

e M

onro

e R

ailro

ad C

o. (a

M

acon-F

ors

yth

line).

•B

y 18

60, th

ere

were

more

than 1,2

00 m

iles o

f railro

ads in

Geo

rgia

.•

The W

este

rn a

nd A

tlantic

rail lin

e fro

m C

hatta

nooga e

nded in

a to

wn

calle

d T

erm

inus.

•T

wo o

ther ra

ilroads e

ventu

ally

converg

ed th

ere

and g

ave ris

e to

the

new

, bustlin

g to

wn th

at s

erv

ed a

s a

majo

r co

nnec

tor b

etw

een th

e

main

lines.

•T

he n

am

e T

erm

inus w

as c

hanged to

Marth

asville

in 18

43 , a

nd th

en

to A

tlanta

in 18

45

.•

With

in 15

years

, Atla

nta

was th

e c

ente

r of ra

ilroad tra

de in

the

South

.

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

Lo

sin

g S

ide

•D

urin

g th

e R

evolu

tionary

War, m

any N

ativ

e A

meric

ans in

Georg

ia

fought a

s a

llies o

f the B

ritish.

•T

he B

ritish p

rom

ised to

retu

rn la

nd ta

ken b

y w

hite

settle

rs o

nc

e

Brita

in w

on th

e w

ar.

•O

nce th

e w

ar w

as o

ver, G

eorg

ians d

esire

d to

push N

ativ

e A

meric

ans

off o

f more

and m

ore

of th

eir la

nd

.

Mc

Gilliv

ray

•T

he C

reeks w

ere

pro

min

ent in

south

ern

and w

este

rn G

eorg

ia a

nd

did

not w

ant to

giv

e u

p th

eir la

nd

.•

Chie

f Ale

xander M

cG

illivra

y, s

on o

f a S

cottis

h tra

der a

nd h

alf-

Fre

nch, h

alf-C

reek m

oth

er, le

d th

e C

reeks in

resis

ting w

hite

expansio

n.

•D

urin

g th

e R

evolu

tionary

War, h

e le

d ra

ids o

n s

ettle

ments

in G

eorg

ia

and T

ennessee

.•

In 17

90, P

resid

ent G

eorg

e W

ashin

gto

n m

et w

ith C

hie

f McG

illivra

y in

hopes o

f peacefu

lly s

ettlin

g d

ispute

s b

etw

een C

reeks a

nd w

hite

G

eorg

ians.

•T

hey s

igned th

e T

reaty

of N

ew

York

, in w

hic

h th

e C

ree

ks g

ave

up

som

e o

f their la

nd in

exchange fo

r a p

rom

ise th

at s

ettle

rs w

ould

not

move w

est b

eyond a

certa

in p

oin

t.•

It did

n’t ta

ke lo

ng fo

r the g

overn

ment to

bre

ak its

pro

mis

e…

Mc

Into

sh

•In

182

3, G

overn

or G

eorg

e T

roup p

ressure

d th

e fe

dera

l govern

ment

to d

rive th

e C

ree

ks

from

their re

main

ing la

nd.

•T

hey n

egotia

ted w

ith T

roup’s

first c

ousin

, Willia

m M

cIn

tosh, w

ho

was th

e s

on o

f a S

cottis

h o

fficer a

nd a

Cre

ek w

om

an.

•M

cIn

tosh s

igned th

e T

reaty

of In

dia

n S

prin

gs in

182

5, w

hic

h g

ave u

p

all C

reek la

nds

to th

e s

tate

of G

eorg

ia.

Re

locatio

n•

A w

ar p

arty

sta

bb

ed M

cIn

tosh to

death

and

took h

is s

calp

, and a

lso

murd

ere

d s

evera

l oth

er le

aders

who s

igned th

e tre

aty

.•

By 18

27, th

e C

ree

ks h

ad re

locate

d to

the w

ildern

ess a

cro

ss th

e

Mis

sis

sip

pi R

iver.

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

Che

rokee

•G

eorg

ia’s

oth

er m

ain

Nativ

e A

meric

an trib

e w

as th

e C

hero

kee (th

ey

lived m

ain

ly in

north

Georg

ia a

nd w

este

rn N

orth

Caro

lina).

•T

he C

hero

kee

adapte

d to

white

cultu

re th

e m

ost.

•T

hey liv

ed in

houses, fa

rmed, o

wned p

roperty

, and s

om

e o

wned

sla

ves.

•T

he c

reate

d a

n a

dvanced s

ocie

ty w

ith a

constitu

tion a

nd a

nin

depe

ndent g

overn

ment.

Se

quoyah

•O

ne o

f the C

hero

kee

s’ m

ost fa

mous m

em

bers

was S

eq

uoyah, a

lso

know

n a

s G

eorg

e G

ist (h

is fa

ther w

as a

Virg

inia

n a

nd h

is m

oth

er a

C

hero

kee

).•

He c

reate

d a

Chero

kee

alp

hab

et th

at e

nab

led th

e trib

e to

read,

write

, and p

ub

lish its

ow

n n

ew

spaper, c

alle

d th

e C

hero

kee

Phoenix

.•

The n

ew

spaper c

ontrib

ute

d to

the u

nific

atio

n o

f the C

hero

kee

N

atio

n b

ecause it h

elp

ed trib

e m

em

bers

com

munic

ate

and s

hare

im

porta

nt n

ew

s.

Jo

hn R

oss

•In

1791, th

e U

.S. g

overn

ment s

igned a

treaty

guara

nte

ein

g th

at th

e

Chero

kee

natio

n c

ould

be in

dependent a

nd h

ave its

ow

n g

overn

ment.

•T

he g

overn

ment w

as m

odele

d a

fter th

e U

.S. fe

dera

l govern

ment a

nd

was le

d b

y C

hie

f John R

oss.

•H

e w

as th

e s

on o

f a S

cottis

h fa

ther a

nd

part-C

hero

kee

, part-

Scottis

h m

oth

er.

Go

ld R

ush

•In

182

9, s

ettle

rs d

iscovere

d g

old

in C

hero

kee te

rritory

in n

orth

G

eorg

ia.

•T

he D

ahlo

nega G

old

Rush w

as o

n a

nd th

ousands o

f white

settle

rs

flooded in

to n

orth

Georg

ia to

get ric

h.

•T

he s

ettle

rs p

ressure

d th

e C

hero

kee to

giv

e u

p th

eir la

nds, a

nd th

e

Genera

l Assem

bly

began p

assin

g la

ws d

enyin

g th

e C

hero

kee

rights

to

both

the la

nd a

nd g

old

.

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

Wo

rceste

r v. G

A•

The G

enera

l Assem

bly

passed a

law

that s

aid

white

s c

ould

not h

elp

th

e C

hero

kee

and th

ey c

ould

not liv

e in

Chero

kee

territo

ry w

ithout

sw

earin

g a

n o

ath

of a

llegia

nce to

the g

overn

or.

•In

1832

, a C

hris

tian m

issio

nary

nam

ed S

am

uel W

orc

este

r refu

sed to

sw

ear th

e o

ath

because h

e fe

lt it was h

is d

uty

to h

elp

the o

ppre

ssed

.•

He w

as s

ente

nced to

pris

on b

ut a

ppeale

d h

is c

ase a

ll the w

ay to

the

Supre

me C

ourt.

Jo

hn M

arshall

•In

1832

, under th

e le

aders

hip

of C

hie

f Justic

e J

ohn M

ars

hall, th

e

Supre

me C

ourt ru

led in

favor o

f the C

hero

kee

in W

orc

este

r v.

Georg

ia.

•M

ars

hall s

aid

that G

eorg

ia m

ust s

et W

orc

este

r free b

ecause

Georg

ia la

ws w

ere

no

t valid

in C

hero

kee

territo

ry.

And

rew

Jac

kson

•P

resid

ent A

ndre

w J

ackson w

as a

lso fru

stra

ted b

y th

e d

ecis

ion a

nd

chose to

ignore

it.•

When G

eorg

ia re

fused to

rele

ase W

orc

este

r, Pre

sid

ent J

ackson

said

, “John M

ars

hall h

as m

ade h

is d

ecis

ion, n

ow

let h

im e

nfo

rce it.”

•H

e b

elie

ved

firmly

in In

dia

n re

mo

val a

nd

wante

d to

ge

t the C

hero

kee

out o

f Georg

ia.

Trail o

f Te

ars

•In

1835

, the U

.S. g

overn

ment fo

rced

the C

hero

kee

to s

ign a

treaty

giv

ing u

p a

ll of th

eir la

nds

in G

eorg

ia.

•In

1838, th

e U

.S. A

rmy ro

unded

up 14

,000 C

hero

kee

and fo

rced

them

on a

800-m

ile m

arc

h to

India

n te

rritory

in O

kla

hom

a.

•M

ore

than 4

,000 m

en, w

om

en, a

nd c

hild

ren d

ied fro

m d

isease,

sta

rvatio

n, a

nd e

xposure

to th

e c

old

weath

er.

•T

his

sad jo

urn

ey is

rem

em

bere

d a

s th

e T

rail o

f Tears

.

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s


SS8H5c

• During the 1800s, Georgia’s economy relied heavily on important cash crops: rice, indigo, tobacco, and cotton.

• Cotton became the main cash crop due to the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793.

• The cotton gin involved a system of rollers, teeth, and brushes that separated seeds from cotton much faster than by hand.


Eli Whitney & Cotton Gin


• It increased the rate at which cotton could be produced and sold.

• The cotton gin also increased the demand for slavery because plantation owners needed slaves to harvest all of the cotton.

• Soon, Georgia became one of the top cotton producers in the world.


• In the 1800s, businessmen established a number of textile mills in Georgia.

• Machines in the mills could make cotton into cloth inexpensively, and the demand for cotton was high.

• The development of the cotton industry led to an important need: a way for cotton to be transported more easily and efficiently to Savannah.


Savannah ranked first as

a cotton seaport on the

Atlantic and second in the

world.


• Georgia’s economic growth relied heavily on the invention of railroads.

• The General Assembly chartered 3 rail lines in 1833: The Georgia Railroad Co. (an Athens-Augusta line), the Central of Georgia Railroad Co. (a Savannah-Macon line), and the Monroe Railroad Co. (a Macon-Forsyth line).

• By 1860, there were more than 1,200 miles of railroads in Georgia.


Thousands of cotton bales ready to be shipped on the railroad.


• The Western and Atlantic rail line from Chattanooga ended in a town called Terminus.

• Two other railroads eventually converged there and gave rise to the new, bustling town that served as a major connector between the main lines.

• The name Terminus was changed to Marthasville in 1843 , and then to Atlanta in 1845.

• Within 15 years, Atlanta was the center of railroad trade in the South.


of the


SS8H5d

• During the Revolutionary War, many Native Americans in Georgia fought as allies of the British.

• The British promised to return land taken by white settlers once Britain won the war.

• Once the war was over, Georgians desired to push Native Americans off of more and more of their land.


• The Creeks were prominent in southern and western Georgia and did not want to give up their land.

• Chief Alexander McGillivray, son of a Scottish trader and half-French, half-Creek mother, led the Creeks in resisting white expansion.

• During the Revolutionary War, he led raids on settlements in Georgia and Tennessee.


Chief Alexander McGillivray


• In 1790, President George Washington met with Chief McGillivray in hopes of peacefully settling disputes between Creeks and white Georgians.

• They signed the Treaty of New York, in which the Creeks gave up some of their land in exchange for a promise that settlers would not move west beyond a certain point.

• It didn’t take long for the government to break its promise…


• In 1823, Governor George Troup pressured the federal government to drive the Creeks from their remaining land.

• They negotiated with Troup’s first cousin, William McIntosh, who was the son of a Scottish officer and a Creek woman.

• McIntosh signed the Treaty of Indian Springs in 1825, which gave up all Creek lands to the state of Georgia.


Chief WilliamMcIntosh


• The treaty greatly angered the Creek people.

• A war party stabbed McIntosh to death and took his scalp, and also murdered several other leaders who signed the treaty.

• By 1827, the Creeks had relocated to the wilderness across the Mississippi River.


Indian Cessions in Georgia, 1733-1835


• Georgia’s other main Native American tribe was the Cherokee (they lived mainly in north Georgia and western North Carolina).

• The Cherokee adapted to white culture the most.• They lived in houses, farmed, owned

property, and some owned slaves.

• The created an advanced society with a constitution and an independent government.


Cherokee Nation


• One of the Cherokees’ most famous members was Sequoyah, also known as George Gist (his father was a Virginian and his mother a Cherokee).

• He created a Cherokee alphabet that enabled the tribe to read, write, and publish its own newspaper, called the Cherokee Phoenix.

• The newspaper contributed to the unification of the Cherokee Nation because it helped tribe members communicate and share important news.


Sequoyah & the Cherokee Phoenix


• In 1791, the U.S. government signed a treaty guaranteeing that the Cherokee nation could be independent and have its own government.

• The government was modeled after the U.S. federal government and was led by Chief John Ross.

• He was the son of a Scottish father and part-Cherokee, part-Scottish mother.


John Ross


• In 1829, settlers discovered gold in Cherokee territory in north Georgia.

• The Dahlonega Gold Rush was on and thousands of white settlers flooded into north Georgia to get rich.

• The settlers pressured the Cherokee to give up their lands, and the General Assembly began passing laws denying the Cherokee rights to both the land and gold.


Dahlonega Gold Rush


• The General Assembly passed a law that said whites could not help the Cherokee and they could not live in Cherokee territory without swearing an oath of allegiance to the governor.

• In 1832, a Christian missionary named Samuel Worcester refused to swear the oath because he felt it was his duty to help the oppressed.

• He was sentenced to prison but appealed his case all the way to the Supreme Court.


Samuel Worcester


• In 1832, under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee in Worcester v. Georgia.

• Marshall said that Georgia must set Worcester free because Georgia laws were not valid in Cherokee territory.

• Georgia’s government was enraged by the ruling.


Chief Justice John Marshall


• President Andrew Jackson was also frustrated by the decision and chose to ignore it.

• When Georgia refused to release Worcester, President Jackson said, “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

• He believed firmly in Indian removal and wanted to get the Cherokee out of Georgia.


President Andrew Jackson


• In 1835, the U.S. government forced the Cherokee to sign a treaty giving up all of their lands in Georgia.

• In 1838, the U.S. Army rounded up 14,000 Cherokee and forced them on a 800-mile march to Indian territory in Oklahoma.

• More than 4,000 men, women, and children died from disease, starvation, and exposure to the cold weather.

• This sad journey is remembered as the Trail of Tears.© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Teacher Info – Comprehension Questions

• Students should answer the questions after

discussing the presentation. Afterwards, check and

share answers as a class.

• *You can also use this as a quiz!


1. Ge

org

ia’s

cotto

n w

as s

hip

ped fro

m w

hic

h c

oasta

l city

?

2. W

hic

h in

ventio

n g

reatly

incre

ase

d c

otto

n p

roductio

n?

3. W

hic

h c

ity b

ecam

e th

e c

ente

r of ra

ilroad tra

ffic in

the

S

outh

?

4. W

hic

h s

ide

did

Ge

org

ia’s

Nativ

e A

me

rican trib

es s

ide w

ith

durin

g th

e R

evolu

tionary

War?

Why?

5. W

hic

h C

ree

k le

ader a

gre

ed to

cede C

ree

k la

nd in

Georg

ia

in 17

90?

6. W

hy w

as W

illiam

McIn

tosh m

urd

ere

d b

y fe

llow

Cre

eks?

7. W

hat s

ignific

ant c

ontrib

utio

n d

id S

eq

uoyah m

ake

to

Che

roke

e h

isto

ry?

8. H

ow

did

the

Dahlo

ne

ga G

old

Rush im

pact th

e C

he

roke

e?

9. W

hat w

as C

hie

f Justic

e J

ohn M

ars

hall’s

rulin

g in

Worc

este

r v. G

eorg

ia?

10. W

hat w

as th

e “T

rail o

f Te

ars

”?

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

1. Ge

org

ia’s

cotto

n w

as s

hip

ped fro

m w

hic

h c

oasta

l city

?S

avannah

2. W

hic

h in

ventio

n g

reatly

incre

ase

d c

otto

n p

roductio

n?

Cotto

n g

in3. W

hic

h c

ity b

ecam

e th

e c

ente

r of ra

ilroad tra

ffic in

the

S

outh

?A

tlanta

(Te

rmin

us, M

arth

asville

)4

. Whic

h s

ide

did

Ge

org

ia’s

Nativ

e A

me

rican trib

es s

ide w

ith

durin

g th

e R

evolu

tionary

War?

Why?

Britis

h; th

ey p

rom

ise

d to

retu

rn th

eir la

nds

5. W

hic

h C

reek le

ader a

gre

ed to

cede C

reek la

nd in

Georg

ia

in 17

90?

Andre

w M

cG

illivra

y6. W

hy w

as W

illiam

McIn

tosh m

urd

ere

d b

y fe

llow

Cre

eks?

He

sig

ned a

treaty

to g

ive

up a

ll Cre

ek la

nd in

Georg

ia.

7. W

hat s

ignific

ant c

ontrib

utio

n d

id S

eq

uoyah m

ake

to

Che

roke

e h

isto

ry?

He

cre

ate

d a

Che

roke

e a

lphab

et th

at e

nab

led th

e trib

e to

re

ad a

nd w

rite.

8. H

ow

did

the D

ahlo

neg

a G

old

Rush im

pact th

e C

he

rokee

?T

housands o

f white

se

ttlers

put m

ore

pre

ssure

on th

e

Che

roke

e to

giv

e u

p th

eir la

nd.

9. W

hat w

as C

hie

f Justic

e J

ohn M

ars

hall’s

rulin

g in

Worc

este

r v. G

eorg

ia?

Rule

d th

at G

A m

ust s

et W

orc

este

r free

be

cause

sta

te la

ws

we

re n

ot v

alid

in C

he

roke

e te

rritorie

s10

. What w

as th

e “T

rail o

f Te

ars

”?F

ede

ral s

old

iers

marc

he

d 14

,000 C

he

roke

e 8

00 m

iles to

O

kla

hom

a; m

ore

than 4

,000 d

ied fro

m h

ars

h w

eath

er, d

isease

, and s

tarv

atio

n

©2

014

Bra

in W

rinkle

s

Teacher Info – History Advertisement

• The students will create an advertisement for a technological advancement in Georgia’s history (either the cotton gin or railroads).

• The advertisement should include a colorful drawing, description of what the product does, how it has impacted Georgia’s economy and why a consumer should buy it, the price, and a customer review.


Dra

w a

n illu

stra

tion o

f the

inventio

n (e

ither th

e c

otto

n

gin

or ra

ilroads).

Write

a c

usto

mer re

vie

w. (H

ow

would

the

inventio

n h

elp

som

eone in

GA

?)

Pric

e

Cre

ate

an a

dvertis

em

ent

for a

technolo

gic

al

advancem

ent in

Georg

ia’s

his

tory

. Your a

d s

hould

tell

people

what th

e in

ventio

n

does a

nd w

hy th

ey n

eed to

b

uy it. (H

ow

has it im

pacte

d

Georg

ia’s

econom

y?)


Teacher Info –Commemorative Coin

• Print off the Commemorative Coin handout for each student.

• Front of Coin: The students will design a coin to represent either the Creek or Cherokee Indians in Georgia (during this time period).

• Back of Coin: They will write a paragraph that describes the design and why it is significant to Georgia’s history.


Directions: Design a coin to represent either the Creek or Cherokee Indians in Georgia. On the back, write a paragraph that describes the design and why it is significant to Georgia’s history.

Commemorative Coin


Front Back

Teacher Info – Citation for Injustice

• Print off the Citation for Injustice handout for each student.

• The students will write a “ticket” to the US government (Offender) for its poor treatment of Native Americans. They should describe how the government treated Native Americans (took land, wars, Trail of Tears, relocation, reservations, etc.). Then, they will write how they think the government should have treated the Indians.

• In the “polaroid picture”, they will draw a scene that shows the poor treatment of Native Americans.



Photographic Evidence

Ticket Number 67483928-22Offender: Date:Describe the Offense:

Instead, the lawbreaker should have:

Signature:

Teacher Info – Txt Msgs

• The students will write text messages between Andrew Jackson and John Marshall that were sent after the Worcester v. Georgia case.

• The first message should portray how Jackson felt about the decision (and his thoughts on Indian Removal in general).

• The second message is Marshall’s response to Jackson’s text.


Directions: Based on what you know about Indian Removal and the Worcester v. Georgia case, what do you think text messages

between President Andrew Jackson and Chief Justice John

Marshall would say? Write a message from Jackson sharing

his thoughts regarding Marshall’s decision. In the second message,

write Marshall’s response to Jackson’s text.

Jackson© 2014 Brain Wrinkles

Marshall

Teacher Directions – “Guess Who?”Ticket Out the Door

• Print the “Guess Who?” graphic organizer for each student.

• Students will read each description and write down the person that it’s describing.



Directions: Can you guess the significant people below based on their descriptions? Write each person’s name on the line in each box.

U.S. President who supported Indian Removal

______________________________

Signed a treaty with President Washington to give up some

Creek lands

______________________________

Leader of the Cherokee government

______________________________

Created the Cherokeealphabet that enabled the

tribe to read and write

______________________________

Signed a treaty to give up all Creek lands in Georgia;

murdered by Creek

______________________________

U.S. Supreme Court Justice who ruled in favor of the

Cherokee

______________________________


Directions: Can you guess the significant people below based on their descriptions? Write each person’s name on the line in each box.

U.S. President who supported Indian Removal

Andrew Jackson

Signed a treaty with President Washington to give up some

Creek lands

Chief Alexander McGillivray

Leader of the Cherokee government

Chief John Ross

Created the Cherokeealphabet that enabled the

tribe to read and write

Sequoyah

Signed a treaty to give up all Creek lands in Georgia;

murdered by Creek

Chief William McIntosh

U.S. Supreme Court Justice who ruled in favor of the

Cherokee

John Marshall


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Best of luck to you this school year,

Ansley at Brain Wrinkles

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