economic development & use of resources. agricultural systems arable, pastoral and mixed...
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Agricultural Systems
•Arable, pastoral and mixed farming:• Arable farms cultivate crops. (No Livestock)
• Pastoral farming: Involves livestock (Dairy, Beef Cattle, etc)
• Mixed farming: Cultivate crops and raising livestock, together.
Subsistence & Commercial Farming
• Subsistence farming: Most basic model of agriculture. Product consumed by farmer.
• Commercial farming: Sell everything that the farm produces. Profit purposes.
Extensive & intensive farming
• Extensive Farming: Cover large areas of land. Small amount of produce is obtained in relation to the size of the farm.
• Intensive Farming: High production in comparison to size of the land. Market gardening, dairy farming and horticulture.
• Organic Farming: No manufactured chemicals are used. (Fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, etc). Higher labor requirements.
Plantation crops
• Plantation crops: Large farms producing a single cash crop. Originally developed in tropical areas. They are an example of monoculture (growing one dominant crop, tea, coffee, rubber, bananas and sugar cane).
• Water-intensive staple crop: 90% of agricultural water is used for rice production. 5000 liters of water are used to produce 1 kg of rice. Terracing is creating levels of cultivating sections of soil.
Food shortages
• Causes: Soil exhaustion, drought, floods, tropical cyclones, pests and disease. (Natural)
• Low investment, rising population, poor distribution/transportation, conflict.
Food aid and Green Revolution
• Relief food aid: Delivered directly during crisis.
• Programme food aid: Provided to a country’s government for sale at local markets.
• Project food aid: Targeted at specific group of people as part of a long term effort.
The Green Revolution
• Advantages:
• Yields are higher than traditional farming.
• Shorter growing season.
• Farming incomes increase.
• More variety
• Better infraestructure