economic and market 2015 commentary quarter economic... · 2016-01-15 · dow jones industrial...

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Smith Shellnut Wilson, LLC Investment Counsel and Management SEC Registered Investment Advisor 150 Fountains Blvd., Suite A Madison, MS 39110 Telephone 601‐605‐1776 Fax 601‐605‐1710 [email protected] I. 2015 Equity Market Recap: Finishing Where We Started U.S. largecap stocks finished the year slightly above where they began; the S&P 500 returned 1.37% in 2015, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average produced a slight gain of 0.21%. Smalland midcap stocks fared less well, posting negative returns of 2.01% and 2.18%, respectively for the year. Despite minimal returns, equities path to finishing where they started was all but uneventful. Looming threats of a Greek exit from the Eurozone (Grexit) set the tone for a volatile equity market in 2015. The fear of a Grexit was followed by a collapse in commodity prices, China’s unexpected devaluation of the yuan, and what seemed to be a never ending guessing game of when the Federal Reserve would initiate a raise in the Fed funds target rate. Equity volatility peaked in late August, as benchmark indices succumbed to their worst weekly selloff in four years amid China’s economic slowdown and devaluation of the yuan. As mentioned in our August Equity Summary: sharp daily moves in today’s markets are largely driven by Wall Street traders, not long term buyandhold investors. Psychological and technical factors, as well as shortterm profit motivations on the part of traders, often lead to spikes in market volatility with little regard to fundamentals. Following a 12% correction in late August, the S&P 500 rallied through year end to post its seventh consecutive annual gain. The fourthquarter rally was led largely by technology stocks such as Netflix and Amazon, which both more than doubled in value in 2015. The rout in commodity prices was reflected in the S&P’s worst performers of the year, as nine energy producers in the benchmark index posted price losses in excess of 50%. *Registration of an Investment Advisor does not imply any certain level of skill or training. ECONOMIC AND MARKET COMMENTARY Kolby Sneathern SSW Research Department Office: (601) 6051776 Website: www.ssw1776.com Contact: kolbys@ssw1776.com 4 th Quarter 2015 OUR MISSION Smith Shellnut Wilson is a registered investment advisor* specializing in managing investment portfolios for banks, individuals, corporations, foundations and public entities. Smith Shellnut Wilson offers its clients skilled investment management and unremitting client service. Smith Shellnut Wilson is dedicated to the premise that client relationships and performance, not transactions, are the ultimate goals.

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Page 1: ECONOMIC AND MARKET 2015 COMMENTARY Quarter Economic... · 2016-01-15 · Dow Jones Industrial Average produced a slight gain of 0.21%. Small‐ and mid‐cap stocks fared less well,

SmithShellnutWilson,LLCInvestmentCounselandManagementSECRegisteredInvestmentAdvisor

150FountainsBlvd.,SuiteAMadison,MS39110Telephone601‐605‐1776Fax601‐605‐[email protected] 

   

 

 

 

 

 

I. 2015EquityMarketRecap:FinishingWhereWeStarted

U.S. large‐cap stocks finished the year slightly above where they began; the S&P 500 returned 1.37% in 2015, while the 

Dow Jones Industrial Average produced a slight gain of 0.21%. Small‐ and mid‐cap stocks fared less well, posting negative 

returns of  ‐2.01% and  ‐2.18%, respectively  for the year. Despite minimal returns, equities path to  finishing where they 

started was all but uneventful.  

Looming threats of a Greek exit from the Eurozone (Grexit) set the tone for a volatile equity market in 2015. The fear of a 

Grexit was followed by a collapse in commodity prices, China’s unexpected devaluation of the yuan, and what seemed to 

be a never ending guessing game of when the Federal Reserve would initiate a raise in the Fed funds target rate.  

Equity volatility peaked in 

late  August,  as 

benchmark  indices 

succumbed to their worst 

weekly  selloff  in  four 

years  amid  China’s 

economic  slowdown  and 

devaluation  of  the  yuan. 

As  mentioned  in  our 

August  Equity  Summary: 

sharp  daily  moves  in 

today’s  markets  are 

largely  driven  by  Wall 

Street  traders,  not  long 

term  buy‐and‐hold 

investors. Psychological and technical factors, as well as short‐term profit motivations on the part of traders, often lead 

to spikes in market volatility with little regard to fundamentals. 

Following a 12% correction  in  late August, the S&P 500 rallied through year end to post  its seventh consecutive annual 

gain. The  fourth‐quarter rally was  led  largely by technology stocks such as Netflix and Amazon, which both more  than 

doubled in value in 2015. The rout in commodity prices was reflected in the S&P’s worst performers of the year, as nine 

energy producers in the benchmark index posted price losses in excess of 50%. 

      *Registration of an Investment Advisor does not imply any certain level of skill or training.

ECONOMICANDMARKETCOMMENTARY

Kolby Sneathern SSW Research Department 

Office: (601) 605‐1776 Website: www.ssw1776.com 

Contact: [email protected]

4th Quarter2015

OURMISSIONSmith Shellnut Wilson is a registered investment advisor* specializing in managing investment portfolios for banks, individuals, corporations, foundations and public entities. Smith Shellnut Wilson offers its clients skilled investment management and unremitting client service. Smith Shellnut Wilson is dedicated to the premise that client relationships and performance, not 

transactions, are the ultimate goals. 

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II. 2015BondMarketRecap:

Houston,WeHaveLiftoff!

Intermediate‐term  bond  yields were  largely  unchanged  last 

year. The 10‐year Treasury  finished  the year 10 basis points 

higher  than  where  it  began,  with  the  result  that  investors 

realized minimal returns in both the equity and fixed‐income 

markets. 

Oftentimes,  in  years  of  extreme  equity  market  volatility, 

investors tend to panic, thus liquidating their equity positions 

and  flooding  safer  assets  such  as  bonds.  As  market 

participants  increase  their  bond  allocation,  bond  prices  rise 

while bond  yields  act  inversely  and descend. Aside  from  an 

influx  of  cash  from  investors  fleeing  equity markets,  bond 

investors also had to play a guessing game with the Fed as to 

when  they  would  raise  rates.  Yields  reacted  sharply  after 

every FOMC meeting throughout the year. 

Now  that  the Fed has begun  to  raise  the  target  rate  for  the 

first  time  since  2006,  it  is  insightful  to  look  at  yields  in  an 

historical  context  in  rising‐rate  environments.  As  shown  on 

the graph below, every  time  the Federal Reserve has  raised 

rates  over  the  past  four  decades,  we  have  seen  the  yield 

curve  flatten, with  short‐term yields  (2‐year Treasury)  rising 

more  than  longer  term  (10‐year  Treasury)  yields.  This 

phenomenon  is known as a “bear  flattening”  in bond  trader 

parlance. 

It is also important to note that the bond market is embarking 

on this  journey from a historically  low starting point. We are 

gradually,  as  Fed  Chair  Janet  Yellen  has  repeated  several 

times, coming out of an unprecedented 7‐year period of rates 

near zero percent. Many  investors are suspect that Treasury 

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yields in the current rate environment will react the same as 

they have in the past, with a flattening curve, arguing that we 

have never experienced a gradual rate rise while inflation and 

other economic indicators remain tepid. 

III. Yellen,BullMarketsandExtinctioninaSeven‐YearStockRallyByOliverRenick

Janet Yellen  says economic expansions don’t die of old age. 

Neither do bull markets. At almost 82 months, the advance in 

the  Standard &  Poor’s  500  Index  that  has  lifted U.S.  share 

prices threefold is poised to become the second‐longest ever 

in  2016,  eclipsing  a  stretch  in  the  1950s  in  which  prices 

almost quadrupled. As the rally that has restored $15 trillion 

to share prices sails past milestones, it’s natural for investors 

to wonder if time itself becomes a barrier to progress. 

Reaching that conclusion is a mistake, according to Jeff Rubin, 

the  director of  research  at Birinyi Associates  Inc., who  says 

bailing  out  just  because  prices  have  been  going  up  is  a 

standard error of market timing that will usually end up losing 

money. Rubin sees no statistical basis for a belief that the bull 

market’s age makes equities more likely to fall in 2016 than in 

any other year. 

“People said the bull market was old at five years, four years, 

they  said  it  at  the  beginning  when  it  went  without  a 

correction,”  said  Rubin  of  the Westport,  Connecticut‐based 

money  management  and  research  firm.  “Just  because  the 

market  is some number of months old doesn’t mean  it can’t 

become twice as old,” he said. “It just doesn’t work like that.” 

But  wait,  doesn’t  the  fact  that  there’s  never  been  a  bull 

market  longer  than  10  years  imply  that  the  chance  of 

extinction rises over time? Sort of ‐‐ but not in a way that tells 

you  anything  about  2016.  The  probabilities  are  similar  to 

those underlying coin flips, where 20 straight heads are very 

unlikely, but odds on the next one are always 50‐50.  

Yellen, the Federal Reserve chair, addressed the length of the 

economic recovery during a press conference after the Fed’s 

announcement that it would raise interest rates. She said it’s 

a myth that expansions die of old age and that the recovery’s 

days are not necessarily numbered.  

The issue comes up with respect to monetary policy because 

the  Fed  is  raising  rates  at  an  unusually  late  stage  of  the 

business cycle ‐‐ six years in. The same is true in stocks, where 

the S&P 500  just completed  its  longest  stretch  in  its history 

without  an  interest  rate  increase  and  a  20  percent  decline 

that would mark a bear market.  

“Say a bull market or economic expansion period has  lasted 

for six or seven years ‐‐ is that in itself evidence that it’s likely 

to  turn  down? No,” David Brown,  a professor of  finance  at 

the University of Wisconsin School of Business, said by phone. 

“What  investors  do  today  is  in  some  sense  due  to  history. 

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Investors are by nature trying to figure out what’s around the 

corner.” 

The  idea  that  the  past  says  nothing  about  the  future  is  a 

central  tenet  of  the  random  walk  theory  on  asset  prices 

championed by academics such as Eugene Fama and Burton 

Malkiel.  Since  1930,  about  67  percent  of  years  have  been 

positive for the S&P 500. After a year in which the index falls, 

the  odds  it  will  rise  in  the  next  one  are  63  percent,  data 

compiled by Bloomberg show. Odds that one up year will be 

followed by another are 66 percent.  

U.S.  advances  over  the  past  88  years  have  averaged  57 

months in length and only two have gone on for longer than 

the one happening now, according to S&P data going back to 

the 1920s. At 22.2 times earnings calculated under generally 

accepted accounting principles, the S&P 500’s valuation is 31 

percent  above  its  average  since  1936,  data  compiled  by 

Bloomberg and S&P Dow Jones Indices show. 

 It’s the paucity of past examples that makes analysis difficult. 

There have been two bull markets in the past 100 years that 

have gone on for this  long: one stopped a few months  later, 

the other, the dot‐com bubble, went on for three more years. 

Which holds the lesson for now? 

 “Our  sample  size  for  this  is  pretty  small,”  said  Kim 

Schoenholtz, professor of management practice and director 

of  the center  for global economy and business at New York 

University’s Leonard N. Stern School of Business. “Saying that 

a  valuation  cycle  and  asset  prices  are  time‐driven  would 

almost imply they have a regularity to them, which we know 

isn’t true.” 

What exactly does end market rallies  is up for debate. While 

some  investors will  say  elevated  valuations  herald  declines, 

others  point  to  inflation.  History  shows  bear markets  have 

coincided with economic recessions 10 times since the Great 

Depression, with  the peak of equities preceding  the start of 

recessions  by  an  average  nine  months,  data  compiled  by 

Bloomberg show. 

 “Given this  is the  first  increase  in rates we’ve seen  in seven 

or  eight  years,  it’s  only  natural  people  are  concerned,” 

Marshall Front, the Chicago‐based chief investment officer at 

Front Barnett Associates LLC, said by phone. “But  just as the 

economic recession was unprecedented, it’s possible we’re in 

an unprecedented and long expansion as well.” 

 

 

 

The source of the information in this commentary is Bloomberg News 

unless otherwise noted. 

 

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CHARTBOOK 

 

 

Note: Bar chart data in brown are estimates from a Bloomberg® composite of market participants  

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Note: Bar chart data in brown are estimates from a Bloomberg® composite of market participants  

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