ecology of west nile virus transmission · 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 summering species resident wintering...

Ecology of West Nile virus transmission

Jordi Figuerola CSIC

Komar et al. 2003. EID

Introducción del virus West Nile en Norteamérica!

1999

Naugle et al. 2004. Ecology Letters

Sovada et al. 2008. Biol. Cons. 141: 1021-1031

Israel, 1951, 1957

Egypt, 1950

Algeria, 1994

Portugal, 1971

Czech Rep. 1997 y 1999

Morocco, 1996

Russia, 1999-2002

Romania, 1996-98

Israel, 1998-2000

France, 1962-65 Italy, 1998

France 2000

WNV in Europe and the Mediterranean region, 1950-2010

Tunisia, 1997

Source: M.A. Jiménez-Clavero

Israel, 1951, 1957

Egypt, 1950

Tunisia, 1997

Algeria, 1994

Portugal, 1971

Czech Rep. 1997 y 1999

Morocco, 1996

Spain, 2007, 2010

Russia, 1999-2002

Romania, 1996-98

Israel, 1998-2000

Italy, 2008-2010

Austria, 2008-2010 Hungary 2004-2010

France, 1962-65

France 2000

Morocco 2003, 2010

France, 2003, 2004, 2006

Italy, 1998

Russia, 2005-2008,

2010

Israel, 2000-2010

Tunisia, 2003 Greece, 2010


Bulgaria, 2010

Romania, 2010

Portu-gal,

2004, 2010


Spain, 2007, 2010

Italy, 2008-2010

Austria, 2008-2010 Hungary 2004-2010

Morocco 2003, 2010

Russia, 2005-2008,

2010

Israel, 2000-2010

Greece, 2010

Bulgaria, 2010

Romania, 2010

Lineage 2

Lineage 1 Portu-gal,

2004, 2010



0

5

10

15

20

Aythya ferina

Ciconia ciconia

Larus cachinnans

Larus genei

Phoenicopterus ruber

Plegadis falcinellus

Sterna nilotica

Prev

alen

ce (%

)

21 78 45 51 52

163

106

18

Figuerola et al. 2007. Avian Pathology 36: 209-212

Figuerola et al. 2007. Avian Pathology 36: 209-212

  Numero de especies afectadas, grupos taxonomicos…!

Ana

s ac

uta

Ana

s pl

atyr

hync

hos

Ana

s cl

ypea

taA

nas

pene

lope

Ana

s st

repe

raA

ythy

a fe

rina

Ans

er a

nser

Jynx

tor

quill

aA

pus

palli

dus

Cap

rimul

gus

rufic

ollis

Col

umba

livi

aS

trept

opel

ia d

ecao

cto

Fulic

a at

raFu

lica

cris

tata

Gal

linul

a ch

loro

pus

Por

phyr

io p

orph

yrio

Trin

ga g

lare

ola

Trin

ga to

tanu

sA

ctiti

s hy

pole

uca

Cal

idris

alb

aC

alid

ris a

lpin

aC

alid

ris fe

rrug

inea

Phi

lom

achu

s pu

gnax

Are

naria

inte

rpre

sG

allin

ago

galli

nago

Lim

osa

lapp

onic

aLi

mos

a lim

osa

Cha

radr

ius

hiat

icul

aR

ecur

viro

stra

avo

setta

Bur

hinu

s oe

dicn

emus

Laru

s fu

scus

Laru

s rid

ibun

dus

Chl

idon

ias

nige

rS

tern

a al

bifro

nsS

tern

a hi

rund

oS

tern

a sa

ndvi

cens

isFa

lco

tinnu

ncul

usB

ubul

cus

ibis

Nyc

ticor

ax n

yctic

orax

Egr

etta

gar

zetta

Pho

enic

opte

rus

rube

rC

icon

ia c

icon

iaC

orvu

s m

oned

ula

Turd

us il

iacu

sTu

rdus

mer

ula

Turd

us p

hilo

mel

osE

ritha

cus

rube

cula

Lusc

inia

meg

arhy

ncho

sLu

scin

ia s

veci

caFi

cedu

la h

ypol

euca

Acr

ocep

halu

s sc

hoen

obae

nus

Acr

ocep

halu

s sc

irpac

eus

Hip

pola

is p

allid

aC

ettia

cet

tiS

ylvi

a at

ricap

illa

Syl

via

mel

anoc

epha

laC

istic

ola

junc

idis

Hiru

ndo

rust

ica

Par

us m

ajor

Gal

erid

a cr

ista

taM

otac

illa

alba

Mot

acill

a ci

nere

aM

otac

illa

flava

Ant

hus

prat

ensi

sA

nthu

s sp

inol

etta

Pas

ser

dom

estic

usP

asse

r hi

span

iole

nsis

Pas

ser

mon

tanu

sC

ardu

elis

car

duel

isC

ardu

elis

chl

oris

Ser

inus

ser

inus

Frin

gilla

coe

lebs

Taxonomic level % explained variance Order 8.5 % Family 7.8 % Genera 9.4 %

Figuerola et al. 2008. Vet. Microbiol.

March - May 2004, Parque del Alamillo (Sevilla)��580 individuals, 25 especies of birds

López et al. 2008. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Summering species Resident Wintering species

% o

f sam

ples

with

viru

sne

utra

lizat

ion

at 1

/20

dilu

tions

Bird species categoryMean prevalence of 'WN' antibodies in birds accordingto their phenological status. Summering species had larger prevalences than wintering birds, and this effect remained significant after controlling for sample size and bird taxonomy (Order introduced as a random factor)


Body mass: F1,69=8.85 p.0.004 Migratory behaviour: F1,69=10.82 p=0.002 Coloniality: NS Gregarism: NS


10

100

1000

10000

100000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Sam

ple

size

Prevalence of WNV antibodies

10%

20%

30% 40%


  If you want to monitor West Nile circulation from birds serology:!

! !The bigger is better!


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Oct/7 Oct/30 Nov/22 Dec/16 Jan/8 Jan/31 Feb/23

Títu

lo d

e an

ticue

rpos

WN

V n

eutra

lizat

ion

antib

ody

titer

Figuerola et al. 2007. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, 1915-1917

2005!!2004!

Negative! Positive!

Negatie! 37! 13!

Positive! 15! 7!

Chi-square= 0.26 P=0.61

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Prev

alen

ce o

f WN

V an

tibod

ies

(%)

Common coots captured in October

67

179

109

13

70

15

11

West Nile Virus in horses!

Jiménez-Clavero et al. 2010. Veterinary Record

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

June 2005 July 2007 August 2008

Prev

alen

ce o

f WN

V an

tibod

ies

156

152

68

MW Phlebo Alpha F lavi MWNeg MIX

Flavivirus in Spanish wetlands Flavivirus de los

humedales españoles

MBV YFG

YFN

C 0020

31

MBV NVG R

OCIOAF01

3397

UNKV EVG YOKOSEAF013414

MBV NVG ISRAELTURKEYAF013377

MBV KVG KOKOBERAAF013383

MBV JEG SLEAY167443

MBV KVG STRATFORDAF013407

MBV JEG CACIPACOREAF013367

MBV AVG BUSSUQUARAAF013366

MBV DVG D4AF326825MBV AVG AROAAF013362MBV AVG IGUAPEAF013375MBV NVG NTAYAAF013392

MBV JEG KOUTANGOAF013384

MBV JEG ALFUYAF013360

MBV DVG D1AY145121

MBV JEG WNAF260968

MBV DVG D2AY744150

MBV DVG D3AY648961

MBV SVG SPONDWENIAF013406

UNKV EVG ENTEBBEAF013373

MBV DVG KEDOUGOUAF013382

MBV YFG JUGRAAF013378

MBV NVG TEMBUSUAB110489

MBV NVG SITIAWANAB026994

UNKV EVG SOKULUKAF013405

MBV NVG ILHEUSAF013376

TBV STBVG MEABANAF013386

MBV JEG USUTUAF013412

0492RA03 HU566M

BV SVG ZIKAAF013415

MBV JEG

YAOU

ND

EAF013413

MBV YFG

UG

AND

AAF013411

MBV AVG

NAR

ANJALAF013390

MBV YFG

SABOYAAF013400

MBV YFG

POTISKU

MAF013395

TBV STBVG TYU

LENIYAF013410

TBV MTBVG

RO

YALFARM

AF013398TBV M

TBVG KAR

SHIAF013381

TBV MTBVG

RU

SSIANSPR

IG-SU

MM

ERAF013399

TBV MTBVG

KYASANU

RAF013385

TBV MTBVG

NEG

ISHIAF013391

TBV STBVG SAU

MAR

EZAF013403

TBV MTBVG

GAD

GETSAF013374

UN

KV MVG

SALVIEJAAF013401

TBV MTBVG

KADAM

AF013380

UN

KV MVG

JUTIAPAAF013379

UN

KV MVG

SANPER

LITA AF013402

UNKV MVG

COW

BONEAF013370

UNKV RBG DAKARAF013371

UNKV RBG CAREYAF013368

UNKV MVG M

ODOCAF013387

UNKV RBG PHNOM-PENHBATAF013394

UNKV RBG BATYCAVEAF013369

431W

N01

502w

n01

505WN01

KamitiN

C 0050

64

CFANC 001564

518W

N01

0821RA02 GE88

0729RA03 GI66

0761RA02 GE28 SANTJOANAedesvexans

422WN010731RA03 GI68

0603RA03 B76

0388RA03 B39 PALLEJAFlebotomo

0536RA03 B61

0876RA03 B1051223RA02 B75

0498RA04 B50/04CANCARBONELLFLEBOTOMO

0183RA04 HU973/04OdetritusPalacio

0184RA04HU974/04CulisetaannulataPalaci

1244RA03 T166 AUBEO.caspius

1775RA2 B250

0686RA03 GI231615RA2 T2351061RA02 T16

260WN01 T42

0031RA04 GI96/04SANTJOANO.Caspius

1084RA03 T06 MUNTELLSO.caspius

1185RA03 T107 POBLENOUO.caspius

TAMANANC003996(2)

TAMANANC003996

1640RA02 HU1860427RA04 HU1156/04PalacioC.tehileri

0454RA04 HU1183/04C.tehileriLosAlamos

0556RA03 HU596

0153RA04 HU945/04C.tehileriPalacio


0992RA03 HU743

0369RA04 HU1098/04Culisetalongiereolat

0392RA04 HU1121/04Celestino

1462RA03 HU818 LOSALAMOSCulextehiler

0448RA04 HU1177/04PalacioC.tehileri

1480RA03 HU836 PALACIOCulextehileri

0701RA03 GI38

1639RA02 HU185

0209RA04 HU999/04C.tehileriCelestinoMu

0197RA04 HU987/04O.caspiusPalacio


0559RA03 HU602

0567RA03 HU610

0155RA04 H

U947/04C

.tehileriPalacio

0177RA04 H

U967/04C

.tehileriPalacio

0286RA04 H

U1073/04C

.tehileriPalacio

0436RA04 H

U1165/04PalacioO

.caspius

0480RA03 H

U554

0408RA03 H

U482 ELAC

EBUC

HEC

x.tehileri0234R

A04 HU

1021/04C.tehileriPalacio

0017RA04 G

I82 SENILLO

SAC.Pipiens

0173RA04 H

U963/04C

.tehileriPalacio0275R

A03 HU

4050021R

A04 GI-86/04SEN

ILLOSAC

.Tehileri

0419RA04 H

U1148/04PalacioC

.tehileri

0198RA04 HU988/04Culisetasp.Palacio

0677RA03 GI14 SENILLO

SAAnophelesatro

1490RA03 HU846 PALACIOCulextehileri


0088RA04 HU880/04CulisetaannulataPalaci

0028RA04 GI93/04SENILLOSAC.Tehileri

218RA03 HU348

0382RA04 HU1111/04PalacioC.tehileri

0994RA03 HU745

0273RA04 HU1060/04C.tehileriLosAlamos



0574RA03 HU617

0510RA03 HU584

0295RA03 HU423


0552RA03 HU595

1049RA03 HU787



0110RA04 HU902/04C.pipiensPalacio

0415RA04 HU1144/04PalacioC.tehileri0455RA04 HU1184/04C.tehileriPalacio

0.1

SWFV-1/BRFV-1SWFV-3/BRFV-2

SWFV-4/BLLFV-1

SWFV-8/DGFV-4

SWFV-7/DGFV-3

SWFV-2/DEFV-1

SWFV-6/DGFV-2

SWFV-5/DGFV-1

Filogenia en polimerasa: aprox. 87 nucleótidos

See also Vazquez et al. In press. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Vazquez et al. 2011. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.

Important steps in West Nile dynamics!

Virus introduction Virus amplification Virus transmission to humans or horses

Not all species of mosquitoes are good vectors for West Nile!

Balenghien et al. 2008. Vector Borne and Infect. Diseases

Abundance of mosquitoes change on time and space!

Not all mosquitoes eat the same!!

  DNA-BARCODING!  SEQUENCE OF THE

MITOCHONDRIAL GENE COI!

  CBOL (CONSORTIUM FOR THE BARCODE OF LIFE)!

M13-BCFW

Alcaide et al. 2009. Plos One

BC-RV1

Alcaide et al. 2009. Plos One

http://www.boldsystems.org/

Trapping of mosquitoes!  3 wetland complexs!

  15 trapping sites!

  March-November 2007-2009!

  221.819 females captured!

  911 blood meal identified!Muñoz et al. unpublished

Aedes albopictus!

Global distribution of Aedes albopictus

Blue regions correspond to native range Green regions correspond to invaded range

Aedes albopictus!

Muñoz et al. 2011. J. Med. Entomology

Culex pipiens Aedes albopictus

100%

35%

21.4%

14.3%

28.7%

Muñoz et al. 2011. J. Med. Entomology

Not all birds have the same reservoir competence!!

Komar et al. 2003 EID

Kilpatrick et al. 2006. Proc. R. Soc. London B

Kilpatrick 2011. Science

Human impact on WNV transmission!

  In summer 2007 a large West Nile virus outbreak occurs in Bakersfield (CA, USA) with more than 140 humans affected.!

  Is the largest outbreack of any Flavivirus in the area since 1952 (WEE).!

  It represents an increase by 205-280% of the human cases of since 2004.!

  Vigilance date didn’t suggest that something strange was occuring (no more mosquitos, no serology in birds).!

!

WNV in Bakersfield, 2007!

WNV in Bakersfield, 2007!  In June 2007 a large increase in the local

populations of Culex quinquefasciatus occurred (a month before the habitual)!

  A large mortality of House Sparrows and other birds was detected.!

  Human cases started short after bird mortality.!

WNV in Bakersfield, 2007!

WNV in Bakersfield, 2007!  Mortage deliquency increased between 2006 and 2007 by

300% in the county.!  17% of simming pools apeared green are were suitable

habitats for mosquitos.!

Reisen et al. 2008. EID

Kilpatrick 2011. Science

EuroWestNileEuropean West Nile R&D collaborative project

Our group research is funded by:

 Questions?!

ecology of west nile virus transmission · 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 summering species resident wintering...

Documents